Gao1 Zu3(great great grandfather) 高祖 Liu2 Bang1
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| 2) Lie4(strong) Zong1(purpose) 烈宗 Hui4(favourt) Min3(pity) Di 惠愍帝 Mu4rong2 Bao3(treasure) 慕容宝 396-398 (355-398), aka Dao4 (thinking) you4 (/protect/bless) (道佑) Reined for only 3 yrs. Became a victim of rebellion and died in 3 yrs time. Not good making decisions militarily and politically. Bao was 4th son by Chui’s first wife Duan. Lost mother Duan in 358. Fled with Chui to F. Qin. Became heir after Ling died defecting back to LATER Yan. Bao was ambitious, a studious learner and a talented writer, but his brothers Nong, and Lin had better military abilities and Chui’s wife Duan Yuanfei suggested he choose one of them instead. Chui likened her to Lady Li (骊姬), the wife of the Spring and Autumn Period Duke Xian of Jin, who falsely accused his crown prince Ji Shensheng (姬申生) of crimes and had him killed. Watched city Zhongshan while Chui went on campaigns. When after ransoming Tuoba Gui’s(N. Wei) son, Gu, failed, Bao and Lin and Nong sent 80,000 to attack N. Wei who fled Shengle. They crossed the Yellow R., but Bao’s forces didn’t. N. Wei scouts intercepted Yan messengers telling them Chui died. Lin’s followers tried to start a coup. After 20 days facin the N. Wei forces across the river, Yan forces fled..Not knowing the river would freeze in the winter, Bao left no rearguard and N.Wei’s forces attacked them from behind at the Battle of Canhe slope, slaughtering their prisoners. In 396, concerned that N. Wei would treat Bao’s forces lightly, Chui led a campaign killing Tuoba Qian2(pious/sincere) (拓拔虔)(Tuoba Gui;s cousin), but Chui got sick at Canhe slope, retreated then died..Bao’s reign 1st Bao made Duan YuanFei commit suicide because she didn’t want him to be crown prince before. Bao’s son Murong Hui was capable and Chui put him in charge of Longcheng(old Yan capital) before his last campaign. But Bao liked Murong Ce4(scheme/plan/strategy) (慕容策) and supported by Murong Sheng, made him crown prince. N. Wei Tuoba Gui made a surprise attack on Bing Province in 396, making Murong Nong flee back to Zhongshan. Then Gui came to Zhongshan. Meanwhile, Bao protected only Zhongshan Yicheng and Xindu. Gui controlled the other cities, but heard of a rebellion in Shenle so offered peace to Bao but Bao rejected it and attacked him in the rear, but Gui attacked him and Bao suffered great losses. Bao didn’t give back Gu to Gui and made no further attacks on N. Wei. Murong Lin started a rebellion so Bao fled to join Murong Hui’s forces in Longcheng. Hui, planning to seize power decided to murder Long and Nong, but only could kill Long. Hui put Longcheng under siege but Gao Yun made a surprise attack against Hui and Hui went back to Zhongshan where Murong Xiang2(detailed) (慕容详), Bao’s cousin garrisoned there, killed him.Bao adopted Gao as his own son. Xiang declared himself emperor but was defeated by Lin who was defeated by N. Wei forces and fled to Yecheng where he persuaded De(Bao’s uncle and defender of Yecheng) to flee to Hua2tai2滑台 of S. Yellow R. and declare himself emperor of S. Yan. Bao, form a report from De, started a campaign to recover lost territory against Nong and Sheng who said the army was worn out. When Bao left his general Duan Sugu (段速骨) started a rebellion helped by Lan Han(Chui’s uncle) and lost at first but unexplicably Nong surrendered and Lan Han took power and Bao and Sheng fled south to persue De, but they didn’t know he was an emperor. Bao returned to Longcheng after finding this out against Sheng’s advice.Lan Han sent his brother Lan Jia'nan (兰加难) as escort, but he killed Bao right outside of Longcheng. Lan Han then slaughtered most of the Murong Familly and took over power, saving Sheng(who was husband of a daughter of his). But Sheng would come back 2 months LATER. 3) Zhao1(clear) Wu3(fierce) Di 昭武帝 Mu4rong2 Sheng4(flourishing) 慕容盛 398-401 (373-401), aka Dao4 (thinking) yun4(luck) (道运) Oldest son of Bao. He was a talented strategist and general, and he overreacted to being too lenient and weak, and was harsh making officials insecure and looking to rebelater He died from an injury in 401 caused by a rebel soldier. Born to Lady Ding. Sheng was born in Chan’an. He traveled with brother Hui and unlce Rou out of Chang’an while Murong Chong captured Chang’an and declared himself emperor of W. Yan. Chong was killed by general Han2 Yan2 (韩延), then succeded by Duan Sui, Murong Yi, Murong Yao, Murong Zhong, and Murong Yong in a 2 month journey to Zhangzi(Changzhi, Shanxi). Sheng urged Hui and Rou to flee to LATER Yan because Yong LATER killed Chui and Jun’s clan. At age 16 Chui put Sheng in charge of capital Jicheng(Beijing). Sheng went with Chui on final battle against N. Wei. Murong Hui died in an attempted coup to become crown Prince after killing Long and injuring Nong because he was jealous of Ce, the crown prince made by Bao. After Lan Han’s successful takeover, he had Bao and Ce killed, then Sheng, his son returned to mourn his father knowing he would be spared as the husband of Han’s daughter. Murong Qi, was spared because his mother was a daughter of Lan Han. Lan Ti (兰堤), Lan Han’s brother, and Lan Jia’nan rebelled when Lan Han prayed at the LATER Han ancestral tombs blaming Lan jia’nan for Bao’s death, but his crown prince Lan Mu stopped their rebellion. Then Lan Han and Lan Mu got drunk celebrating and Sheng with some officials killed Lan Han, Lan Mu, Lan Ti, Lan Jia’nan, Lan He (兰和) and Lan Yang (兰扬) (2 sons of Lan Han). Sheng didn’t declare himself emperor until LATER. But then changed back to “Commoner Heavenly Prince) to show humility. People at first praised him then he became harsh, thinking to execute his wife Lan because she was of the Lan clan but his mother Ding opposed. He never made her or anyone empress, but called his mother Ding Empress Xianzhuang (献庄皇后). Sheng did institute a system to hear criminal appeals rather than use traditional torture to interrogate. In fall 401, the generals Murong Guo (慕容国), Qin Yu (秦舆), and Duan Zan (段赞) secretly plotted a coup, but their plot was revealed, and more than 500 people were executed. Five days LATER, the general Duan Ji (段玑), along with Qin Yu's son Qin Xing (秦兴) and Duan Zan's son Duan Tai (段泰) attacked the palace. Murong Sheng personally fought the rebels, however, just as things appeared to be settling down, a rebel soldier appeared from his hiding place and stabbed him. 4) Zhao1(obvious) Wen2(cultured) Di4 昭文帝 Mu4rong2 Xi1(bright/sunny/prosperous) 慕容熙 401-407 (慕容熙) (385-407), aka Dao4(road) wen2(culture) (道文) He was one of the youngest sons of Murong Chui and uncle to SHeng. Became emperor due to his affair with Sheng’s mother Empress Ding.He was a cruel and capricious ruler acting on his and his wife Fu Xunying’s whims. After Fu died and Xi left the capital Longcheng to bury her, soldiers rebelled, replaced him with Bao’s adopted son Murong Yun, then Xi was captured and killed. Yun changed his name to Gao Yun, thus ending LATER Yan and creating N. Yan. Born in 385 to Chui and Duan after Chui started LATER Yan. He fled with Bao to Longcheng when N. Wei attacked. Bao’s troops mutinied under Duan Sugu (段速骨) who supported Murong Chong2(esteem/worship) (慕容崇) as figurehead and many princes were killed but Xi was spared because he was friends with Chong, After Duan and Bao were killed by Lan Han, Lan Han made Xi Duke of Liaodong so he could worship Murong ancestors. When Sheng took over he made Xi a major general and when they fought Gorguryeo, Sheng said he was as brave as Chui. After Sheng died, his son Ding was thought as too young so others wanted Murong Yuan, Sheng’s younger brother to be emperor, but Ding made Xi emperor. He made Yuan commite suicide a few days LATER. After a plot to put Ding on the throne was discovered, Xi made Ding commit suicide. After making two daughters of Fu Mo 苻谟 Fu Song'e (苻□娥) and Fu Xunying concubines and favoring Fu Xunying, Ding became jealous and plotted to make a different son of Bao, Murong Yuan1(deep pool) (慕容渊) emperor, but Xi found out and Xi executed Yuan and forced Ding to suicide. Xi started some heavy construction projects in 403 building Longteng Chateau (龙腾苑) using 20,000 men and was 2km square. He also built an artificial hill in the Chateau 57m tallater He made Fu Xunying empress. Xi used soldiers to build Xiaoyao Palace (逍遥宫) at the Chateau with 100s of rooms and over half the soldiers died from heat and exhaustion. Executed Wang Rong (王荣) by drawing and quartering after he failed to save Fu Rong’e’s from illness. Xi went on huntings and journeys 100s kms away where 5000 soldiers died from tigers and wolves and the cold. Xi executed officials who couldn’t get jellied fish in the summer and Rehmannia roots in the winter and other things Fu Xunying demanded. Could not capture Goguryeo because he delayed when flattening a wall so Fu could inter the city iin an imperial wagon. When attacking Khitan tribes of Goguryeo Fu wanted to see a battle so Xi used calvary to attack but had to withdraw. Murong Yun (Bao’s adopted son. Originally named Gao Yun) suffered an arrow wound and stayed home away form Xi’s cruelty. Xi built Chenghuapalace for Fu using so much dirt, dirt became expensive. In 407 Fu died and he ordered a tomb built. Every solider was ordered to cry or else killed so they put chilis in their mouths. General Feng Ba and his brother Feng2 Su4(plain/simple)fu2(not) (冯素弗), hidden from execution from before, conspired with their cousin Feng2 Wan4ni (冯万泥) to start a rebellion. They did so with the help of general Zhang Xing (张兴) and general Fu2 Jin4 (苻进) and others who failed in a coup earlier that year. Feng Ba, a friend of Murong Yun’s, persuaded him to become their leader, and they quickly captured the palace. Murong Xi returned to Longcheng and settled in outside, at Longteng Chateau, preparing to attack. An imperial guard soldier, Chu3 Tou2 (褚头), fled to him and informed him that the imperial guards were ready to turn against Murong Yun as soon as Murong Xi attacked. But, Xi panicked at this news and fled. His general Murong Ba2(pull out) (慕容拔) tried to maintain the assault against Longcheng and was initially successful, but as the troops began to realize that Murong Xi had fled, they collapsed, and Murong Ba was killed by Feng Ba's soldiers. LATER that day, Murong Xi was found, wearing civilian clothes, in a forest, and he was captured and delivered to Murong Yun who personally read him his crimes, and then beheaded him and his sons.
[8] Nan (S.) Yan Empire 398-410 (2) 1) Xian4(offer) Wu3(valiant) Di4 献武帝 Mu4rong2 De2(virtue) 慕容德 398-405 (336 - 405), became Murong Bei4(fully)De2 (virtuous) (慕容备德) in 400, aka Xuan2(darkness)ming2(distinct) (玄明) Son of Huang and brother to Jun and Chui. He established S. Yan after Bao retreated from the N. Wei. Son of Huang and Gongsun. Regarded as studious, talented and handsome when young. De went from being Duke of Liang under Murong Jun to Prince of Fanyang under Murong Wei to mayor of Yecheng. He made the suggestion to aid Qin’s 4 Duke rebellion problem to Ping (who refused it). He helped Chui fend off Huan Wen. He was removed from post as mayor of Yecheng when Chui fled to Qin. Became governor of Zhangye(Gansu) commandery after surrendering to Qin. His brother Murong Na was removed from his post so he and their mother, Gongsun, joined De at Zhangye. In 383 left Na and Gongsun(with a golden knife) at home while he went with Fujian to Battle of Fei River. When Fu Jian fled to Chui’s camp, De tried to persuade Chui and Murong Wei to rebel and both refused. But in 384, Chui founded LATER Yan and made De Prince of Fanyang again. But at Zhangye, the governor Fu Chang (苻昌) arrested and executed Na and all of De’s sons and Na’s wife Lady Duan who was pregnant was put in prison. Gongsun was spared (being old). Gongsun and Duan were LATER rescued by De’s F. subordinate Huyan Ping (呼延平) and brought to the Qiang tribes. During Chui’s LATER Yan reign he gave advice to Chui and with nephew Murong Long’s help defeated Jin forces Wen Xiang (温详) and the Jin rebel Zhang Yuan (张愿) near Yellow R. In 388 he married Duan Jifei (younger sister of Duan Yuanfei, Chui’s wife). With nephew Murong Lin attacked Xianbei Helan (贺兰) tribe, forcing the submission of its chief Helan Na (贺兰讷). Persuaded Chui to attack Murong Yong of W. Yan. De served at the Battle of Canhe Slope. Also persuaded Chui to attack N. Wei (Chui’s final battle). Under Bao, De became viceroy of Yecheng and the south. When Bao fled to Longcheng, De was suggested to take imperial title many times but he refused knowing Bao was alive. From Murong Lin’s(who claimed imperial title) advice that Yecheng was too big, De fled to Huatai(Anyang, Henan) and claimed himself Prince of Yan.(like Chui did). Soon Lin plotted another rebellion, so De killed him.When Bao came from the north seeking refuge he sent eunuch ZhaoSi 赵思 to De. De wanted to abdicate but Zhang Hua (张华) and Mu4yu2 Hu4 (慕舆护) changed his mind to killing Bao, but when Muyu could not find Bao because he already heard the news and fleed. Zhao cursed De for being an usurper so De killed him. When Fu2 Guang3 (苻广), brother of the F. Qin emperor Fu Deng claimed himself Prince of Qin, De personally attacked Fuguang and killed him but his nephew Murong He(慕容和) who was left to guard Huatai was assassinated by general Li Bian李辩) who offered Huatai to N. Wei viceroy SuheBa 素和跋). SuheBa quickly seized the city and other cities and defeated returning De and De’s cousin’s Murong Zhen (慕容镇) armies. Unable to siege Huaitai, he killed Jin governor of Qing Province (青州Shandong), Pi4luu2 Hun2 (辟闾浑) at capital Guanggu 广固Qingzhou, Shandong in 399 and made it his capital, staying in the small and stable empire. In 400 he claimed to be emperor and changed his name to Murong Beide(naming convention). He made Princess Duan empress. At this time he sent Du4Hong2 to find mother Gongsun and brother Na, but he died from bandits. When his F. subordinate Zhao Rong2(melt) (赵融 told him they both died he mourned them so much he became precariously illater Carried out his previous plan to charge no property taxes if people relocated but it failed(people made fraudulent claims of already having been forcibly moved). Several generals Liu Gui (刘轨), Sima Xiuzhi (司马休之), Gao Yazhi (高雅之), and Liu Jingxuan (刘敬宣) who fleed from regent of Jin Huan Xuan tried to persuade BeiDe to attack Huan and seize Jin territory north of Yangtze river. Then Gao and Liu Jingxuan plotted to assassinate BeiDe, but the plot leaked due to telling Liu Gui who disagreed with the plot. Liu Gui and Gao were executed and Liu Jingxuan and Sima Xiuzhi fled back to Jin. In 405, Murong Chao (only surviving son of Na) flad from Chang’an to S. Yan, showed the golden knife, and Beide made him Prince of Beihai(title he had in F. Yan times). Beide with no sons of his own made Murong Chao corwn Prince then he fell ill the next fallater He requested to be buried at Guanggu with 10 empty caskets so that he could not be easily found. 2) Mu4rong2 Chao1(exceed/surpass) 慕容超 405-410 (385 ━ 410), aka Zhu3(host/master/signify/manage/master) ming2(bright/clever/distinct/explicit/understand) (祖明)Trapped under rule of LATER Qin until De(BeiDe) found him. He was nephew of De. Son of Murong Na(prince of Beihai of F. Yan), who was son of Huang and younger brother of Jun. Na, when in F. Qin, was removed from his commandery and relocated to live with De along with Gongsun(their mother) and Lady Duan at Zhangye commandery(Gansu). After De and Chui rebelled, Fu Chang, the new governor, killed Na and all sons of Na and De, but Gongsun and Lady Duan (pregnant) were spared and rescued by Huyan Ping (呼延平), the jailer and a F. subordinate of De’s who took them to the Qiang tribes, where Duan gave birth to Chao and Gonsun died.Then Ping took them to LATER Liang capital Guzang (姑臧Gansu) where F. Qin defeated LATER Liang and Duan and Chao were taken back to Chang’an. Duan had Chao take Ping’s daughter as wife after Ping died. He pretended to be a beggar and to be insane to not be found out, but the brother of Yao Xing, Yao Shao (姚绍), saw him and brought him to YaoXing to whom he continued his charade so Xing saw him off. He departed Chang’an without telling Duan or his wife to avod being caught, on the way Murong Fa慕容法 governor of Yan Province(w. Shandong) disrespected his nobility. He gave the golden knife to Bei De. De made him first Prince of Beihai, then crown prince and entrusted talented servants into his hands. Chao put on a good show of respect to Bei De. Before Bei De died there was an earthquake, then Bei De couldn’t speak, and Bei De’s wife Duan Jifei summoned Chao so Bei De could crown him. Chao was capricious(sporadic) and listened to noone. He surrounded himself with flatterers and went hunting and on tours. He restored punishments of cutting off noses, feet, tattooing, and castration but didn’t put them in action. He didn’t listen to the advisors Murong Zhong (慕容钟) and Duan Hong (段宏) whom Bei De entrusted him with. He made the unqualified Gongsun Wulou 公孙五楼 a general who LATER accused Zhong of treason. Then Zhong, Murong Fa, Duan Hong, Feng Song1(high mountains) (封嵩), and Dowager Duan entered, but Dowager Duan in fear told Chao and Feng was executed and Chao sent Murong Zhen (慕容镇) and Han Fan (韩范) to attack Zhong, Fa, and Duan Hong. Duan Hong fled to N. Wei and Fa and Zhong fled to LATER Qin. Chao traded 120 musicians to Yao Xing of LATER Qin for his wife and mother. He made Lady Huyan empress and mother Lady Duan empress dowager. In 409 on the Lunar New Year at the imperial gathering there were no musicians so he planned to attack Jin and capture people to be trained as musicians. He sent Murong Xingzong (慕容兴宗), Hugu Ti (斛谷提), and Gongsun Gui (公孙归, Gongsun Wulou's brother) to attack Jin, capturing Suyu (宿豫Suqian, Jiangsu) and 2,500 men and women, who were to be taught music. Encouraged, Murong Chao carried more raids against Jin. Then Liu Yu proposed to attack S. Yan against opposition. Murong Zhen and Gongsun Wulou suggested to defend the Daxian pass(Weifeng, Shandong) and to burn the crops, but Chao was overconfident and refused and put Zhen in jailater Liu Yu defeated Linqu(Weifang) making Chao flee to Guanggu. Then he sent Han Fan to LATER Qin for support and Yao Xing sent Yao Qiang (姚强) but he was stopped by the rebel general Liu Bobo (the emperor of Xia). Chao executed anyone who said to surrender, then Liu Yu caught him and questioned him but Chao gave no answers. He entrusted his mother to Liu Jingxuan (刘敬宣) a Jin general who served under De before. Chao was sent to Jiankang where he and 3000 S. Yan officials were executed. [9] Bei (N.) Yan Empire 407-436 (3) 1) Hui4(benefit)Yi4(exemplary) Di4 惠懿帝Gao1(tall) Yun2(cloud) 高云 407-409 (died 409), was Murong Yun2(cloud) (慕容云), aka Zi3(son)yu3(rain) (子雨), Historians question him as last of LATER Yan or first of N. Yan. He was ethnically Korean and descendant of royal house of Goguryeo. He was adopted into LATER Yan after suppressing rebellion of Murong Hui against Murong Bao(Hui’s father). When Huang beat and occupied Gorguryeo capital Wandu, he took many captives to Qingshan (青山Jinzhou, Liaoning). In Chinese, the first character of “Goguryeo is “Gao, “ so many of the captives got this name. For helping stop siege of Longcheng, Bao adopted Gao Yun as a son made him Duke of Xiyang and changed his name to Murong Yun. Made friend with general Feng Ba at this time. He served as a major general under emperor Murong Xi(Bao’s younger brother) in 406. In wreckless battle by Xi against Goguyreo, Yun got an arrow wound and stayed home away from cruel Xi. Feng Ba and his brother Feng Sufu (冯素弗), hiding from execution, conspired with their cousin Feng Wani (冯万泥) and Zhang Xing (张兴) and Fu Jin (苻进from a failed attempt earlier that year) to start a rebellion. Feng Ba persuaded friend, Murong Yun, to become their leader, and they quickly captured the palace and closed the city gates after Xi left Longcheng to bury Fu Xunying, Yun read Xi his cimes then had him and his sons beheaded. He changed his name to Gao Yun at beginning of reign. He was insecure and did little. He hired many guards.He had two jesters Li Ban (离班) and Tao Ren (桃仁) be in charge of security and rewarded them greatly. Power was in the hands of Feng Ba and his brothers Feng Sufu, Feng Ruchen (冯乳陈), and Feng Hong and cousins Feng Wani, as well as Sun Hu (孙护) and Wu Yinti (务银提). Made Lady Li empress in 408 and made son Gao Pengcheng (高彭城) crown prince. He created Murong Gui (慕容归) the Duke of Liaodong and had Murong Gui be in charge of continuing the worship of the Murong ancestors. Gwanggaeto the Great, king of Goguryeo tried to make peace with Yun, and Yun sent messengers confirming the peace. Yun was mysteriously assassinated along with his wife(maybe by Li and Tao). Then Feng Ba readied his troops, but two of his soldiers, Zhang Tai (张泰) and Li Sang (李桑), advanced into the palace and beheaded Li and Tao. Then Feng Ba became emperor and honored Yun and Empress Li with no reference to crown prince Gao Pengcheng, 2) Wen2(culture) Cheng2(achieve) Di 文成帝 Feng2 Ba2(cross mountains) 冯跋 409-430 (died 430), aka Wen2(gentleness)qi3(rise) (文起), nickname Qi3(beg)zhi2(continuosly)fa2(strike down) (乞直伐) In his time N. Yan was much weaker than N. Wei. He had over 100 sons all executed by his brother and LATER emperor Feng Hong. His father Feng An (冯安) served W. Yan’s Murong Yong as a generalater After Chui destroyed W. Yan they were forcibly moved to Longcheng(Jinzhou, Liaoning). He had 3 younger borthers who favored heroism and threw off social restraint, but he was deligent and careful and became a general under Bao and became friends with Gao Yun(Bao’s adopted son). With brother Feng Sufu (冯素弗) he offended Emperor Xi, then fled and came back to overthrow Xi when he left Longcheng to bury Fu Xunying. Then Yun became ermperor who made Feng Ba Prime minister. After Yun’s assassination, Feng Ba readied his troops, while two soldiers beheaded the suspected jesters Li and Tao. As emperor, Feng made Feng Sufu the prime minister and gave important posts to Sun Hu, Zhang Xing, his brother Feng Hong , his cousin Feng Wani , and another cousin's son Feng Ruchen (冯乳陈). He honored his mother Lady Zhang as princess dowager, and he created his wife Lady Sun as princess and his son Feng Yong (冯永) as crown prince. With Feng Sufu he governed diligently, frugally, and inteliigently. In 410 Feng Wani and Feng Ruchen both who contributed to Feng Ba's success and jealous they were not in control in Longcheng but rather served as commanding generals at cities Feiru (肥如 Qinhuangdao, Hebei) and Bailang (白狼Zhaoyang, Liaoning). They rose in rebellion together. Feng Ba sent Feng Hong and Zhang Xing to attack them, and after they were defeated by Feng Hong and Zhang, they surrendered, but Feng Hong executed them regardless. In 411, the khan of Rouran, Yujiulu Hulu offered a tribute of 3,000 horses to Feng Ba and requested to marry Feng Ba's daughter Princess Lelang.ThenFeng gave her cementing the alliance. In 414, Feng Ba sent his official Chu Kuang (褚匡) to his ancestral home of Changle (长乐 Hengshui, Hebei) to find his clan members, and Chu Kuang returned with 5,000 households, headed by Feng Ba's cousins Feng Mai (冯买) and Feng Du (冯睹). Feng Ba also found his brother Feng Pi (冯丕) in Goguryeo and welcomed him back, creating him the Duke of Changshan. In 414 Yujiulu Hulu, who was about to in turn marry one of his daughters to Feng Ba, was overthrown by his nephew Yujiulu Buluzhen (郁久闾步鹿真), and the coup leaders sent him and his daughter to N. Yan. Feng Ba treated him honorably and took his daughter as a concubine. Yujiulu Hulu requested that Feng Ba send an army to escort him home, and Feng Ba, sent his general Wan Ling (万陵) to escort Yujiulu Hulu, but Wan killed Yujiulu Hulu on the way and returned. Instead, Feng Ba entered into an alliance with the new khan Yujiulu Datan, who had in turn overthrown Yujiulu Buluzhen. In 414 Emperor Mingyuan of N. Wei sent a messenger, Hu1niu3(accustomed to /blush)yu Shimen (忽忸于什门), to try to negotiate peace with N. Yan, but , he refused to enter the N. Yan palace at Helong, demanding that Feng Ba come and accept submission to the edict. Feng Ba refused and dragged Huniuyu into the palace. Huniuyu refused to bow, and Feng Ba had his guards press Huniuyu's head down, and then imprisoned him. Huniuyu insulted Feng Ba many times but Feng Ba refused to execute him. Feng Ba, instead, entered into an alliance with the Xia emperor Helian Bobo. In 415, Feng Sufu died then Feng mourned his brother 7 times(against custom of 3 times). In 415, Sun Hu's brothers Sun Boren (孙伯仁), Sun Chizhi (孙叱支), and Sun Yiba (孙乙拔), complained of no promotions so Feng executed them and promoted Sun Hu, but Sun Hu became depressed, so Feng poisoned him to death. Then the general Wu Yinti (务银提) was also unhappy that he was not promoted and planned to offer his defense post to Goguryeo, so Feng executed him. In 416, the N. Yan general Kuruguan Bin (库_官斌), switched from N. Yan to N. Wei to N. Yan again, was attacked by N. Wei's Emperor Mingyuan, and N. Wei forces killed not only Kuruguan Bin, but also two other N. Yan generals, Kuruguan Chang (库_官昌) and Kuruguan Ti (库_官提), probably relatives of Bin. In 418, N. Wei's Emperor Mingyuan made a surprise attack against N. Yan, sieging Helong. Feng Ba defended and held the city. N. Wei forces seized some 10,000 households from N. Yan and withdrew. Then N. Wei changed focus to LS and Xia forgetting about N. Yan. In 426, Feng Ba's crown prince Feng Yong died, then he made son, Feng Yi (冯翼), crown prince. In 430, Feng Ba was seriously ill, and he issued an edict to give authority to Feng Yi. But, Feng Ba's favorite Consort Song wanted her son Feng Shouju (冯受居) to inherit the throne, so Feng Yi agreed and retreated to his palace. Consort Song then falsely issued orders in Feng Ba's name cutting off the outside. Only Hu Fu (胡福) could enter the palace to be in charge of security. However, Hu resentful of Consort Song, informed Feng Hong, then prime minister. Feng Hong immediately attacked the palace and seized control of it. Feng Ba after hearing died in shock. Feng Hong then took the throne himself, defeated Feng Yi's troops, slaughtered all of Feng Ba's sons. |