Gao1 Zu3(great great grandfather) 高祖 Liu2 Bang1
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| 251) 7) Xin1 Xing1(new and developing)Wang 新兴王 Shi2(rock)Zhi1(respect/venerate) 石祗 350-351 Shi2 Zhi(only,mw for animals) 石只) (died 351) Last of 4 after Shi Hu. Known as Prince of Xinxing (新兴王). He rose at Xiangguo (襄国)Xintai,Hebei in alliance with Qiang chief Yao Yizhong (姚弋仲) and the Di chief Pu Hong (蒲洪) when Shi Jian was in trouble under Shi Min. Shi Zhi, non-Han, and Shi Min (Han) fought eachother while F. Yan seized modern Beijing, Tianjin, and N. Hebei in 350. Pu Hong’s son, FuJian(PuHong changed name to Fu) seized W. Zhao and established F. Qin. Shi Zhi who at first declared himself emperor demoted himself when Ran put Xiangguo under siege. F. Yan prince Murong Jun agreed to help Shi Zhi and Zhi used his general Liu Xian3(display) (刘显) to attack Ran in Yecheng, but LiuXian was defeated and so in awe with Ran that he agreed to kill Shi Zhi so he arrested and killed Shi Zhi and his officials and gave Zhi;s head to Ran who burnt in on a public street. LATER Zhao was at its end.
[4] Cheng Han Empire 303-347 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng Empire and Han Empire) Cheng Empire 303-338(5) 1) Shi Zu 始祖 or Shi Zu 世祖 Jing Di 景帝 Li Te 李特 303 2) Qin2 Wen2 Wang2 秦文王 Li3 Liu2 李流 several months in 303 3) Tai 4Zong1 太宗 Wu Di 武帝 Li3 Xiong2(male/grand/imposing) 李雄 303-334 (274 ━ 334), aka Zhong4juan4(meaningful) 仲隽, Was the first emperor of the Chinese/Ba-Di state Cheng Han. When he declared himself as the Prince of Chengdu in 304 it is referred to as the start of the 16 Kingdoms Era. He was third son by Li Te’s wife Lady Luo and became Te’s general in 301. Te defeated a surrise attack by Xin Ran (辛冉) aide of Jin governor Luo Shang (罗尚) in Yi Province 益州 Sichuan and Chongqingin 301. Qin Province(E. Gansu) refugees asked that Te assume imperial powers. After Te’s victory over Luo Shang he asked for a truce, but Luo made a surpise attack and killed Li Te, then Li Liu(Li Xiong’s uncle) became leader but he wanted to surrender after Li Dang4(sway/mop up) (李荡), Li Xiong’s brother died. But after this Li Xiong made a surprise attack against Jin forces making them withdraw. After this Li Liu was sick and made Li Xiong successor. Li captured Chengdu in 304 making Luo Shang flee. He asked hermit Fan Changsheng be emperor but he refused. The generals asked that Li Xiong declare himself emperor, then Xiong declared himself Prince of Chengdu. He made Fan and some of the Li clan elders and declared the empire "Cheng" (成).Li reigned the area peacefully, stabilizing the borders but not looking to expand. He did not pay his officials who requisitioned supplies from the people and led to corruption I the empire LATER. Li Xiong made no attempt to capture Ning 宁州 Yunnan and Guizhou).[in 333 his cousin Li Shou captured Ning] But he did contend with Jin over Liang 梁州 S. Shaanxi. Zhang Jun (leader of F. Liang) asked him repeatedly to become a Jin vassalater Li said he would if Jin was more revived. He made trade and kept good relations with F. Liang and ChengHan and let Jin and F. Liang messengers through the land with some reluctance. In 325 Li made Lady Ren empress but had no sons by her, but he had 10 sons by other concubines. He made Li Ban(kind and studious) son of Li Dang, who was raised by Ren crown prince saying that Li Te and Li Dang built the empire.Li Xiong died from an infected head wound which spread to other parts of his wounded body and his sons avoided him while Li Ban cared for him day and night. LI Ban was assassinated by Xiong’s son Li Yue (李越) who then made another son Li Qi emperor. 4) Ai Di 哀帝 Li Ban1(shift) 李班 7 months in 334 (288-334), courtesy name Shi4wen2 (世文), initially Crown Prince Li4(crime/sin) (戾太子) He was Xiong’s nephew, son of Xiong’s brother Li Dang who died in battle I 303. Xiong was to make Li Han crown prince but he died against Yang Nandi in 323. Two sons of Xiong Li Yue (李越) and his younger brother Li Qi conspired against Li Ban who was chosen as crown prince but was not a son. Li Ban’s younger brother Li Wu (李□) suggested Ban send them away but he sent Liu Wu away instead to stop the friction. Li Yue assassinated Li Ban while he was on mourning watch of Xiong and his older brother Li Du1(big city) (李都) after forging an edict having Dowager Ren accuse Ban of crimes.He then made Liu Qi emperor. 5) You1(deep/secret) Gong1 幽公 Li3 Qi1(time) 李期 334-338 (314-338), aka Shi4yun4(move/lucky) (世运), aka Duke You of Qiongdu (邛都幽公) Was a reign of decadence and deterioration. He was overthrown by his father’s cousin Li Shou in 338 and committed suicide after being demoted to Duke. He seized the throne and changed the name of the state from Cheng to Han. When young, known for being intelligent and charismatic. Officials initially offered the throne to Liu Yue but he refused saying Liu Qi should have it being talented and raised by Dowager Ren. Qi relied on Li Yue, Jing Jian (景骞), Yao Hua (姚华), Tian Bao1(praise) (田褒), and the eunuch Xu3(praise/allow) Fu2(river name) (许涪) for their talents and rarely relied on others. Li Ban’s uncle Luo Yan3(perform) (罗演)and Shangguan Dan4(tranquil/placid/quiet) (上官澹) planned to assassinate Li Qi and replace him with Li Ban’s son, but Li Qi executed them and Li Ban’s mother lady Luo. Qi executed Li Zai (李载) falsely claiming he did treason when he was jealous of his talents. Li Shou, aware of being a target of execution since he was the most honored general, promised his advisors he would become a Jin vassal if he defeated Li Qi. He falsely told his soldiers that Li Qi was planning to execute Li Shou. Shou then caught Chengdu unprepared and arrested Liu Yue and officials. Shou then forced Li Qi to order their execution. He then forged an edict from Dowager Ren deposing and demoting Liu Qi to Duke. Li shou took the throne and changed the name of the state to Han. Liu Qi, depressed , committed suicide. [5] Han Empire 338-347(2) 1) Zhong Zong1 中宗 Zhao1(clear/obvious) Wen2 Di4 昭文帝Li3 Shou4(longevity)李寿 338-343 (300-343), courtesy name Wukao (武考), formally Emperor Zhaowen of (Cheng) Han ((成)汉昭文帝), He was cousin of Li Xiong. He set up a different acncestral temple. Known initially for his lenience and thriftiness but LATER ruled like Shi Hu ruling harshly and extravagantly. Li Shou was son of Xiong’s trusted uncle and key advisor Li Xiang1(prance as a horse) (李骧), Made a general at age 18 by Xiong. He conquered Ning(yunan and Guizhou) in 332. Li Qi’s cousin Li Shi3 (李始) asked Li Shou to depose Li Qi but he refused so Shi accused him of treason, but Li Qi asked Shou to attack Li Wu who warned Li Ban about Li Yue and Li Qi. But Shou instead persuaded Li Wu to flee to Jin. In 338, Li Shou consulted the hermit Gong1 Zhuang4 (龚壮), who advised him to rebel and to declare himself a Jin vassalater Li Shou then further planned an attack with his advisors Luo Heng2 (罗恒) and Jie Siming (解思明).Li Qi spied on him and poisoned his adoptive brother Li You1(far) (李攸). Shou forged a letter to his troops which then agreed to attack Li Qi. Shou captured Chengdu easily and had Li Qi execute his officials then demoted Li Qi to Duke. Qi then killed himself. Li Shou was dispointed and hoped to surpass Xiong’s dynasty. Gong1 Zhuang4 (龚壮), a hermit that advised Shou to attack Chengdu and become a Jin vassal, refused to be an official because Shou declared his own state. He created Princess Yan empress and made Li Shi crown prince. When in 338 Ren Yan2 (任颜), Dowager Ren’s brother planned a coup, he had him and all Xiong’s sons executed. ChengHan and Jin fought over Ning province. Shi Hu asked for Shou’s help against Jin so Shou sent a fleet with food supplies against Jie’s opposition. Due to Gong’s advice, Shou declined to ally against Jin knowing if Jin was defeated LATER Zhao would take over. So, Shou was arrogant in his reply, but continued to be lenient like Xiong until messengers to LATER Zhao spoken of citizens obeying the harsh Shi Hu. So, Shou copied Shi Hu being harsh and having many construction projects hurting the people. 2)Gui1(return) Yi4(justice) Hou 归义侯 Li Shi4(tendency) 李势 343-347 (died 361), courtesy name Ziren2(humanity) (子仁), historically known by his Jin Dynasty (265-420)-bestowed title Marquess of Guiyi (归义侯) He was son of Li Shou and Consort Li. He was a cousin of Xiong and an honored general whom Li Qi liked. He opened the gates for Li Shou when he attacked Chengdu. He honored his father’s wife Yan and Dowager and made his wife Princess Li empress. He reassociated with Xiong and Te and the name “Cheng” for the state. In 345 with no sons his brother Li Guang (李广) asked to be crown prince but he denied him even though advisors Ma3 Dang (马当) and Xie4(understand) Siming (解思明) supported Li Guang. So, Li Shi had them and their clans executed. Also general Li Yi4(radiating power and ability) (李奕) rebelled and advanced on Chengdu but his rebellion was stopped when an arrow hit him and he died. Li Shi became arrogant and exceedingly cruel in punishments. At this time the Liao2(fierce/hunt) (獠) tribe was troublesome. Huawen hearing of this and submitted a report requesting to attack Cheng-Han and before it was replied he advanced directly to Chengdu where its forces collapsed from fear but Li Shi ordered a counterattack and in fear Huan ordered a retreat but his single officer who was panicking in a miracle signaled the drums for attack and not the gong for retreat. Huans forces then prevailed. Li Shi humbly surrendered by binding himself and bringing a coffin so Huan released him and brought him to Jiankang where Mu pardoned him and made him Marquis of Guiyi. [6] Qian (F.) Yan Empire 337-370(3) 1) Tai4 Zu3 太祖 Wen2 Ming2(civilization) Di 文明帝 Mu4(admire)rong2(countenance) Huang 慕容□ 337-348 (297-348), aka Yuanzhen (元真) He was founder of F. Yan. His father was Murong Hui. Hui was a Xianbei chief who fought Jin in late Wu’s time (1st emperor), but became a vassal in 289. After fighting with Xianbei Duan chief Jie1(steps) (段阶) he married one of his daughters to make peace from whom MuHuang was born. He was Duke of Liaodong of Jin in 333 but in 337 founded Yan. Xianbei Yuwen tribe in 320 and 325. He suspected his younger brothers Murong Ren (慕容仁) and Murong Zhao (慕容昭) and general Murong Han4(writing brush) (慕容翰). Han fled to the Duan and became a general for the chief Duan Liao (段辽)..His brothers Murong Ren and Murong Zhao prepared and then attacked the capital Jicheng (棘城) Jinshou, Liaoning, but Huang was ready and topped it, so Ren captured the ciites in the Liaodong peninsula. Han allied with Duan Liao's brother Duan Lan (段兰) to attack Liucheng (柳城) Zhaoyang, Liaoning and Huang’s relief forces were greatly defeated, however, Han retreated. in early 336, Murong Huang made a daring surprise attack, personally leading his army by a route that Murong Ren did not expect─over the frozen Bohai -- arriving at Pingguo. Murong Ren, not realizing that it was a major attack, came out of the city to fight Murong Huang, who defeated and captured him, forcing him to commit suicide.Huang joined forces with LATER Zhao’s Shi Hu to attack Duan Lan at capital Lingzhi, Tangshan Hebei, but Huang defeated them first then withdrew. Shi Hu unhappy about not meeting him in battle decided to betray and attack Huang. All cities except capital Jicheng surrendered to LATER Zhao, but Huang withstood the attack against Jicheng for 20 days, then attacked the retreating LATER Zhao with his son Murong Ke as well as all the rebelling cities and Duan areas too. Huang peacefully merged with Duan Liao’s forces, but Liao rebelled and Huang killed him. Yan made yearly raids on LATER Zhao’s border areas and Yuwen and Goguryeo. Huang married his sister to Tuoba Shiyijian, cementing alliance between the two Xianbei powers. Murong Han in Yuwen at the time agreed to rejoin Huang. Huang moved capital to the new Longcheng (龙城,Zhaoyang, Liaoning). With Han, Huang made Goguryeo’s King Gogukwon flee and took as hostage the king’s mother and dead father’s body. He returned the body but not his mother after the king offered to be a vassalater In 344 Huang and Han greatly defeated Yuwen. Still jealous of Han he forced him to suicide. He stopped using Jin’s Era names (breaking from Jin). He grew ill and died2) Lie4(strong/sacrifice oneself for a just cause/intense)Zong1(purpose) 烈宗 Jing3(scene/respect) Zhao1(clear/obvious) Di 景昭帝 Mu4rong2 Jun4(handsome/outstanding talent) 慕容俊 348-360 (319 ━ 360), courtesy name Xuan1(declare)ying1(hero/flower) (宣英), formally Emperor Jingzhao of (F.) Yan ((前)燕景昭帝)Expanded the Yan territory from some of Hebei and Liaoning to most of the north of Yellow River and some south. Born while Huang was still heir. He was skilled in literary and military arts. Huang wanted to crown Jun’s younger brother Murong Ba because of his intelligence but didn’t against official’s advice. Commisioned by Huang to fight Buyeo (Fuyu (夫余), but the command was held by his brother Murong Ke. The army was successful in capturing the capital of Buyeo and its king Fuyu Xuan (夫余玄). Reign After LATER Zhao was weakened by Shi Hu’s death and Murong Ba made the suggestion, Jun commissioned Murong Ke, Murong Ping, Yang Wu (阳鹜), and Murong Chui(Jun changed it from Ba to Chui) as major generals, preparing for a major attack against LATER Zhao's border region. In 350 they captured Ji4(thistle)cheng (蓟城, Beijing), then Jun moved the capital from Longcheng to there.All of You 幽州(Beijing, Tianjin and Nhebei) From there he marched south but was defeated by the LATER Zhao general Lubo2(suddenly) Zao (鹿勃早). When Shi Zhi was under attack by Ran Min, Zhi sent requested help from Jun, offering to give the imperial seals(which he didn’t have). So, Jun sent Yue4(happy) Wan3(coil up) (悦绾) to join Zhi and his general Yao2 Xiang1(assist) (姚襄) and they defeated Ran Min’s forces until Zhi’s gernal Liu Xian (刘显) betrayed Zhi and attacked and killed him. When Jun and Ran Min forces engaged battle, Murong Ke tricked Min’s infantry into going into the plains and then used calvary to deal a major defeat. Ran Min was captured after his horse died suddenly and Min insulted Jun for being a barbarian so Jun whipped him then beheaded him, but concerned Min’s spirit was causing a draught, he buried him with honors. When Jun attacked the RanWei capital Ye4(name of ancient capital)cheng2 (邺城 (Handan, Hebei), he captured Ran Zhi and Empress Dong and made them Marquis and Lady, treating them kindly and claiming that Dong gave the imperial seals(really Jin had them because they were given back as colLATERal for aiding LATER Zhao after being passed between Han Zhao and LATER Zhao). Because Ran Zhi asked for Jin assistance, Jun declared himself emperor in 352. Created his wife Princess Kezuhun empress and his heir apparent Murong Ye (慕容□) crown prince. 4 years LATER Ye died so he made Murong Wei crown prince. He fought and defeated cousin Duan4(section) Kan1(niche/shrine) (段龛) who was a Jin vassal using Murong Ke and Yangmu. Ke seiged the walled city then caught Duankan and executed him for reasons unknown. Murong Jun moved the capital from Jicheng to Yecheng. Conscripted all but one in a household then 3 of every 5 on campaign to fight Qin and Jin. Jun and Murong Chui held grudges because Chui’s wife Duan was on equal standing with the Murongs, but Jun’s wife Kezuhun was not. Without orders eunuch Nie4(dye sth black Hao4(vast) (涅浩) falsely accused Duan and Chui’s assistant Gao Bi4(assist) (高弼) of witchcraft. They denied it well, but Duan died in prison and Chui was exiled to Ping(Liaoning). Jin forces Zhuge You (诸葛攸) and Xie Wan (谢万) attacked F. Yan but were defeated,then Jun occupied places south of the Yellow River. When Jun became ill he offered to Let Murong Ke be emperor but Ke refused. Then Jun summoned back Chui. Jun gathered his conscripted forces at Yecheng to attack Jin but grew illater He summoned Murong Ke, Yang, Murong Ping, and Muyu Gen (慕舆根) to entrust the crown prince Murong Wei to them then he died. 3) You1(deep/secluded) Di 幽帝 Mu4rong2 Wei3 慕容□ 360-370 (350 ━ 385), aka Jing3 (admire)mao4(luxuriant) (景茂)Was captured by F. Qin's prime minister Wang Meng in 370, ending F. Yan. After F. Qin's defeat at the Battle of Fei River in 383, he tried to join his brother Murong Chong in rebellion and was executed by F. Qin's emperor Fu Jian in early 385. He was made crown prince after brother Murong Ye died. His weaknesses are overindulgence in hunting and music. Ke as regent When Muyu Gen (official) was unhappy to be under Murong Ke he asked Dong and Wei if he could kill him. Dong agreed but, Wei did not. Ke then killed Gen and his clan. Ke was able and expanded. Ke captured Luoyang in 365. Ke executed a magician liked by Wei, Ding Jun, when he tired to persuade him to kill Murong Ping. Ke asked Wei to assume the decisions but Wei declined so he asked Chui to become regent, but Kezuhun with her grudge would not let him, so Ping became regent. Ping as regent Ping was far less able then Ke and he was corrupt. Perhaps he assassinated Yue4(happy/pleased) Wan3(coil up (悦绾) who stopped 200,000 commoners from paying taxes only to nobles and not the government, Ping refused to quell a rebellion in F. Qin caused by Fu Jian's brother Fu Shuang (苻双) , and cousins Fu Sou (苻叟)(gatekeeper of gateway city of Shancheng (陕城Sanmenxia, Henan) , Fu Liu (苻柳), and Fu Wu (苻武), Wei made Kezuhun Yi (可足浑翼) daughter of Kezuhun’s cousin as empress. Huan Wen at this time reaching Fangtou 枋头, in modern Hebi, Henan). Huan even defeated Wei’s brother Murong Zang (慕容臧). But Chui and another unlce of Wei, Murong De, dealt Huan a major defeat, then Qin forces came to help and delt Huan a second defeat. Kezuhun refused to give Chui rewards and apprehensive that she and Ping were going to kill him, he fled to Qin. In, anger, because Yan didn’t cede Luoyang for helping them against Huan Wen, Wang Meng of the Qin sent 60,000 and they captured Luoyang, then catured Jinyang晋阳Taiyuan, Shanx. After this Ping sent 300,000. Ping at this time was corrupt asking soldiers to pay to use wood form the forest or to use the river to fish in. Wei sent a messenger saying to redistribute the wealth, but it was too late. And Meng wonothe battle. Ping returned alone and they abandoned Yecheng. Wei’s soldiers aboandoned him on the way to Helong, and Fujian of Qin catured him, but LATER released him having him surrender and thus ending F. Yan. Fujina and his son Fu Pi opened a massive campaign to defeat the Jin but they lost at the Battle of Fei. Chui decided to rebel and begin LATER Yan at the same place as F. Yan was. Murong Chong and Murong Hong also chose to rebelater Wei tried to assassinate Fu Jian by inviting him to a false wedding, but Fu Jian refused due to rain. News of this leaked to Fu Jian. Then LATER Fu Jian summoned Wei to the palace and Murong Su went with him. Su wanted to refuse and start the rebellion, but Wei wanted to go. Wei denied the assassination attempt, but Su proudly confessed and Fu Jian executed both of them. [7] Hou (LATER) Yan Empire 384-407(4) 1) Shi4(world) Zu3(ancestor) 世祖 Wu3(swordplay) Cheng2(achieved) Di 武成帝 Mu4rong2 Chui2(condescend) 慕容垂 384-396 (326-396), aka Dao4 (principle)ming2(clever) 道明 F.ly Murong Ba4(hegemon), a brother of Murong Huang, who had name changed to Que (“missing” but actually meant fortune in ancient script) then changed to Chui by jealous Jun. After F. Yan was captured by Qin, Chui decided to betray Fujian and form LATER Yan. He was largely defeated by N. Wei’s founder Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui). He was Huang’s 5th son. Mother was Consort Lan (a concubine of Huang’s). Huang favored him and it created tension with older brother Jun. Chui beat the Yuwen in 344 and became Marquis. Suceessfully evaded LATER Zhao general Deng4 Heng2(constant) (邓恒), but fell off a horse and lost one of his teeth. Chui was responsible for taking over LATER Zhao after Shi Hu died. After Jun declared himself emperor, he made Chui Prince of Wu. Jun made him protector of Longcheng 龙城(Jinzhou, Liaoning) but he became powerful there and he recalled him to Yecheng (Handan,Hubei) the capitalater His wife, Duan was daughter of Duan Mopei and a royal princess of the Duan and she harassed Kezuhun, Jun’s wife. Kezuhun, jealous of Duan had eunuch Nie4(dye black) Hao4(vast) (涅浩) falsely accused Duan of withcraft in which she honorably died under interrogation. Chui then married Duan’s sister, but she was deposed. Then he was forced to marry Kesuhun’s sister, the princess of Chan’an which he displeased. He was exiled to Ping Province(E. Liaoning) and recalled when Jun was near death. In 365 with Ke, captured Luoyang. Chui and his brother Murong De were able to stop Huan Wen from conquering them in 369. Ping, and Kezuhun, jealous of him, didn’t reward his troops and thought of executing him, so he tried to take over Longcheng, but his son Murong Lin whom he didn’t favor reported him to Ping who sent an army after him, so he fled to Qin. On the way, another son, Murong Ma3nu2慕容马奴, wanted to flee back to Yecheng, but Chui killed him. He fled to Qin with younger Princess Duan, his sons Murong Ling, Murong Bao, Murong Nong, Murong Long, Murong Kai, Lan Jian, and Gao Bi. Princess Kezuhun remained at Yecheng. Fu Jian who feared him before when he was with Yan, greatly honored him and made him a generalater Qin, angry with Yan for not ceding Luoyang after aiding them against Huan Wen, Wangmeng and Murong Ling, Chui’s heir who acted as guide, took over Luoyang. Ling who was given a false message by Wang Meng that Kezuhun wanted them back, defected back to F. Yan, and Chui tried to flee too but was captured, but Fu Jian pardoned him. Ling, when exiled by F. Yan, tried to start a rebellion, but was betrayed by his brother Murong Lin and killed. In 370 Wang beat Ping conquering F. Yan. Chui suggested Fu Jian execute Ping, but Fu Jian made him governor of a distant commandery. In 378 Chui with Fujian’s son Furong Pi beat Jin’s big city of Xiangyang. Against Fu Rong’s (Fu Jian’s brother) advice, Fu Jian, listening to Chui and Yao Chang, made a campaign against Jin having numerical advantage, but lost at the Battle of Fei. Fu Rong commanded it and was killed. Fu Jian got an arrow wound, and Chui against Murong De and his son Murong Bao’s advice did not kill him and he returned his soldiers to him. But LATER he asked Fujian to quell a “rising” rebellion of F. Yan . When Fu Pi’s younger brother Fu Hui was put in charge of quelling Zhai Bin’s (Dingling chief) attack of Luoyang and Chui was sent by Fu Pi with Fu Feilong苻飞龙 to stop Zhai, but Chui killed Feilong on the way. Meanwhile, Pi did not put Chui’s son Murong Nong and his nephews Murong Kai and Murong Shao (慕容绍) under surveillance so they fled out of Yecheng to start their own rebellions. Hui knew of Feilong’s death, so Chui allied with Zhai Bin and Chui declared himself Prince of Yan…Chui didn’t give Zhai a ministerial title for helping him so he thought to switch sides, but Chui killed him, then Zhai Zhen (Bin’s nephew) and others fought with LATER Yan. And Jin allied with Fu Pi to fight LATER Yan..but LATER Yan controlled most of area N. of Yellow River. Chui made Zhongshan 中山 (Baoding, Hebei) the new capitalater Chiui sent Murong Lin to help Tuoba Gui(ancestor of Dai and founder of N. Wei) to help stop rebellions. He personally at age 60 attacked Zhai Liao but he declared himself emperor of Wei. Murong Bao , the crown prince made trivial decisions for him at age 62. He made Duan Yuanfei -- the niece of two of his deceased wives -- empress. In 392, Chui personally defeated Zhai Zhao’s Wei state (son of Zhai Liao) in Huatai (Anyang , Henan) who asked for W. Yan help but got none. Murong Yong massacred descendants of Murong Jun and Chui from suspision of Murong Rou (Chui’s youngest son) and Murong Bao's sons Murong Sheng and Murong Hui (慕容) who fleed to join LATER Yan. Chui’s sons held Tuoba Gui’s brother Tuoba Gu ransom, but Gui refused to pay and joined W. Yan. Chui LATER defeated W.Yan by going through a pass not expected(Taijing not Taihang) and beisieging the capital Zhangzi (Changzhi,Shanxi). Then Chui went on first campaign against N. Wei (Tuoba Gui) in 395 with 90,000 men at Shengle(Hohhot, Inner Mongolia), but lost at Battle of Canhe Slope. Then launched 2nd campaign in 396 capturing Pingcheng 平城(Datong, Shanxi), and headed for Shengle, but the army seeing Canhe Slope began crying and Chui was embarrassed, enraged, and ill and withdrew back to Zhongshan and died on the way…Bao succeeded and Yan fell to N.Wei in less than a year |