Paál, László
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Petőfi, Sándor János (Alexander John) (Miskolc, 23 April 1932 - ) – Linguist. He completed his B.Sc. course majoring in Mathematics, Physics and Descriptive Geometry at the University of Debrecen. He started working as a teacher at the Music High School of Debrecen. From 1958 to 1962 he also completed the course there in German language and literature there as well. From 1961 he taught Mathematics and Physics at the Music High School and Ballet Institute of Budapest. Between 1964 and 1969 he was a scientific research associate in the Computer Technology Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1969 he did not return to Hungary from a professional conference at Stockholm. He emigrated to and lived in Sweden for two years. In 1971 he earned a Ph.D. in General Linguistics from the University of Göteborg and became a lecturer. In 1971 and 1972 he was a research associate at the University of Konstanz; from 1972 to 1989 he was Professor of Semantics at the Faculty of Linguistics and Literature at Bielefeld University. In addition, from 1974-1976, he was Dean of the Faculty. Since 1989 he has been Professor and Head of the Department of Language Philosophy at the Macerata University of central Italy. His main fields of research are semantics, text theory, language philosophy and poetics. He is Editor for the journal, Research in Text Theory and Co-Editor for the serial Papiere zur Textlinguistic. His papers in Hungarian were published in the Hungarian Workshop (Magyar Műhely), Literary News (Irodalmi Újság), and New Horizon (Új Látóhatár). His works include Transformationsgrammatiken und eine kotextuelle Texttheorie (Transfomational Grammar and Contexual Text-theory) (1971) and Semantics-Pragmatics Textology (1974). – B: 1257, 1672, T: 7456. Petneházy, Dávid (1645? - 1686/1687) – Kuruc military leader. He was a nobleman from County Szabolcs. He first appeared towards the final years of 1670 among the Kuruc men. He participated in the Upper Hungarian (Upland, Felvidék, now in Slovakia) campaigns of Count Imre (Emeric) Thököly and also in association with the Ottoman Turks and in the 1683 siege of Vienna. After the Turkish defeat at Vienna, the Austrian Habsburg forces began to drive out the Turks from Hungary and also wound up Thököly’s Upper Hungarian Principality, endeavoring to entice as many Hungarians as possible from Thököly’s side to the Habsburg side. The amnesty issued by Emperor Lipót I (Leopold) (1654-1705) on 19 June 1685, also mentioned Petneházy, among others, promising him pardon in case he gets “converted”. On 15 October 1685, the Turkish Pasha of Várad (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania) had Thököly captured as a traitor, but released him after three months’ captivity. On hearing about Thököly’s capture by the Turks, Captain Petneházy, together with his regiment went over to the imperial side of Lipót I. He successfully fought against the Turkish forces in 1685 and 1686, for which Lipót I rewarded him with a gold chain. With the rank of Colonel he fought as a “lion” in the retaking of Buda fortress in 1686. At the end of 1686 or early 1687, he unexpectedly died, possibly poisoned by those who envied him. – B: 1031, T: 7456.→Kuruc; Thököly, Count, Imre; Budavár, recapture of. Petrányi, Gyula (Julius) (Budapest, 24 June 1912 - Budapest, 5 March 2000) – Physician. He obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Budapest in 1936, after which, he was a Medical Intern in the No. 1 Medical Clinic, where he worked until 1950. From 1940 he was a demonstrator; in 1944 he was a medical officer at the Military Hospital in Kassa (now Kosiče, Slovakia), and became a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union. In 1945 he returned home and became an assistant professor at the Internal Medical Clinic, Budapest. In 1948-1949 he was with a state scholarship in Great Britain. From 1950 to 1973 he was a professor and Head of the Department of Medicine at the University of Debrecen and, in 1953 and 1954, its Dean. From 1974 to 1983, until his retirement, he served as Director of No. 2 Medical Clinic and professor at the University of Budapest. He specialized in autoimmune illnesses and their pathogenesis, clinical treatment and therapy; also clinical pharmacology. His research included the immunity of transplantation. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (correspondent 1973, ordinary 1982). His works included Basics of Internal Medicine (Belgyógyászat Alapjai), textbook, with Imre Magyar (1948, reached 13 editions by 1987); Bronchitis – Pneumonia –Pleuritis (1953) and Internal Pathology (edited, 1989). His school trained many renowned physicians. He was founder and board member of several scientific societies. He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Medical Weekly (Orvosi Hetilap), the Acta Medica Hungarica, and the European Journal of Immunology. He was the recipient of a number of awards, among them the Semmelweis Memorial Ring (1978), the Markusovszky Memorial Medal (1989) and the Széchenyi Prize (1995). – B: 1730, 1779, 1031, T: 7456. Petrás, Ince János O.F.M. Conv. (Innocent John) (Forrófalva, now Faraoani, County Bacău, Moldova, Romania, 1813 - Klézse, now Cleja, County Bacău, Moldova, Romania, 6 September 1886) – Pastor, journalist, folklorist and linguist. He completed his Theological studies at Eger. In 1831 he joined the Minorite Order. As a missionary, he went to his native land, Moldova. He worked as a pastor in the Csángó-inhabited village Pusztina (now Pustiana, County Bacău, Moldova, Romania) later he worked at Klézse. He had life-long contact with the representatives of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences: Gábor (Gabriel) Döbrentei and Ferenc (Francis) Toldy. He sent valuable information from the area of his research, the condition of Csángó Magyars, and on their life style. He gave much help to the researching Hungarian scientists and travelers, including Bernát (Bernard) Munkácsi, Gábor (Gabriel) Szarvas, Mózes Rubinyi and János (John) Jerney. He became a victim of robbery and murder. His series of ethnographic papers appeared in the journal, Hungarian Language Guard (Magyar Nyelvőr), vol. 3. A cultural association and a Circle (Kör) of friends cherish his memory. – B: 0883, 0945, T: 7456.→Döbrentei, Gábor; Toldy, Ferenc; Munkácsi, Bernát; Szarvas, Gábor; Jerney, János. Petress, Zsuzsa (Susanna) (Budapest, 11 December 1928 - Budapest, 4 March 2001) – Actress. She completed the Academy of Dramatic Art in 1950; the Metropolitan Operetta Theater (Operettszínház) had already engaged her in 1949. She was a member of the theaters at Miskolc, Győr and Kaposvár between 1966 and 1968, and then again played at the Operetta Theater. After 1974 she played less frequently in Hungary; she went to live in the USA and sang in Night Clubs of New York. She performed prima donna roles in operettas, later playing in musicals. It was in these roles that she could display her characterizing abilities: she was capable of featuring an entire course of life. Several records were made with her and she often appeared abroad as a guest artist. Her roles included Euridice in Offenbach’s Orpheus; Hanna in Lehár’s Merry Widow (Víg özvegy); Angela and Fleury in Lehár’s Count of Luxemburg (Luxemburg grófja), and Sylvia and Cecilia in Kálmán’s Csárdás Princess (Csárdáskirálynő). Among his film roles are State Department Store (Állami Áruház) (1952), and All Beginnings are Difficult (Minden kezdet nehéz) (1966). She received the Mari Jászai Prize in 1954, the Merited Artist title in 1974 and the Outstanding Artist title in 1986, and she was made Life Member of the Operetta Theater, Budapest. – B: 1445, 1439, T: 7456. Petri, György (George) (Budapest, 22 December 1943 - Budapest, 16 July 2000) – Poet, literary translator and journalist. First he wanted to become a psychologist, and he worked at the Institute of Work Therapy. From 1966 he read Psychology and Hungarian Literature at the University of Budapest. He worked as journalist and, from 1974 as a free-lance writer. He joined the Democratic Opposition and edited the Szamizdat paper Speaker (Beszélő) from 1981 to 1989. His poems appeared only in the Szamizdat papers and abroad. After the political change in 1990, his poems appeared in the periodicals Contemporary (Kortárs), and Life and Literature (Élet és Irodalom). After years of silence, he reappeared with a new style of his own. His works include Poets Among Themselves (Költők egymás közt) (1969); Explanation for M (Magyarázat M. számára) (1971); Circumscribed Falling (Körülírt zuhanás) (1974); Eternal Monday (Örökhétfő) (1961); Snowball in the Hand (Hólabda a kézben), poems (New York, 1984), and Mud (Sár), poems (1992). He received a number of awards, among them: the Kelemen Mikes Prize (Holland, 1988), the Life-achievement Prize of the Soros Foundation (1992), the Kossuth Prize (1996), and the Pro Urbe Budapest Award (1998). – B: 1257, 0878, T: 7103. Petrik, József (Joseph) (Dunasáp, now Šap, Slovakia, 13 October 1932 - Pozsony, now Bratislava, Slovakia, 13 July 2001) – Poet, journalist. He attended high school in Szenc (now Senec, Slovakia) (1942-1944). In 1948 he completed his secondary schooling in the “bourgeois” (lower) high school of Szenc. From 1954 he attended the Teachers’ College of Pozsony and recived a B.A. Degree in Education (1958). In 1958-1959 he was Editor of New Word (Új Szó), and of the Pioneers’ Paper (Pionírok Lapja) (1958-1980). From 1968 he was Editor-in-Chief for the paper, Campfire (Tábortűz). Between 1980 and 1987 he was Secretary and later, President of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovakian Hungarian Workers’ Cultural Federation (CSEMADOK). He was Editor for True Humaneness (Hű emberség), anthology of poems (1982). His poems, narratives, fables, educational articles, reports and translations of poems and prose writings from the Slovakian and Czech languages appeared in the Young Builder (Kis Építő); Free Farmer (Szabad Földműves); Campfire (Tábortűz); New Word (Új Szó), and Flame Palace (Tűzpalota), anthology of poems (1990). His writings include Change of Scene (Színváltozás), poems (1967), and Rainbow of Eight Colors, children’s poems (1972). B: 1083, 1257, 1890, T: 7456. Petrik, Lajos (Lewis) (Sopron, 5 December 1851 - Budapest, 7 June 1932) – Scientific chemist. He studied at the Polytechnic of Graz, where he worked as a demonstrator from 1874 to 1889. In 1880 he worked as a teacher of Chemical Technology at the Technical High School in Budapest; where he was Principal from 1907. He mainly conducted research into ceramics; he was the author of a comprehensive synthesis on the kaolin deposits of Hungary. His published works appeared in the journals of the Geological Institute, the Art Work (Művészi Ipar) and other journals in Hungary and abroad. As a tourist he took part in the exploration of the mountainous areas of Hungary; he was Editor for the journal Tourists’ Paper (Turisták Lapja), from 1885 to 1900. One of the peaks of the High Tátra is named after him. His works include The Rhyolite-kaolin of Hollóház (Radvány)(1889) and The Ceramics Tradesman (Az agyagiparos )( 1914). – B: 0883, T: 7456. Petrőci, Bálint (Valentine) (Popoff Borisz Cvetov) (Kolozsvár, mow Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1 September 1924 – Pozsony, now Bratislava, Slovakia, 31 January, 2002) – Writer and journalist. He completed his secondary studies at the High School of Losonc (now Lučenec, Slovakia) (1934-1943). From 1943 to 1946 he studied in the Law School of Miskolc. He completed the law course in the Faculty of Law of the University of Pozsony (1946-1949). At the same time, he worked as a baker’s assistant in Losonc. From 1949 to 1951 he was Editor of the magazine New Word (Új Szó). On the basis of his Macedonian origin, he was accused of Titoism and discharged. In 1951-1952 he was Editor of the internal magazine of the enamel factory of Fülek (now Filakovo, Slovakia). From 1952 on, he edited the New Word but, because of his support of the Prague Spring in 1968, he was discharged, accused of revisionism and opportunism. From 1973 until his retirement in 1985, he was Technical Editor for Obzor Publisher. His membership in the Hungarian Section of the Slovakian Writers’ Association was suspended for political reasons. From 1958 on, his writing appeared in New Word (Új Szó), in Torch (Fáklya), and in the Literary Review (Irodalmi Szemle) His works include Border Town (Határváros), novel (1963); Eyewitness (Szemtanú), novel (1966); Long Night (Hosszú éjszaka), novel (1971); Wave Breaks Wave (Hullám hullámot ér), short novel (1974), and The Evil of Desire (A vágy ördöge), novel (1993). In 1961, he received the Fučik Prize. – B: 1083, 1257, 1890, T: 7456. Petrőczi, Baronness Kata Szidonia (Petróczi, Petrőczi) (Kaszavára, 1658 or 1662 - Beregszentmiklós, now Čiňadove, Carpathian-Ukraine, 21 October 1708) – Poetess. She was the daughter of Baron István (Stephen) Petrőczy, owner of a large landed estate in the Lutheran Northern area of the Kingdom of Hungary. She was married to Count Lőrinc Pekry in 1682. She went through many vicissitudes, caught between uprising Hungarians and the Imperial Army of Austria. She translated some pietistic prayer books from German. In her poems, she sang of her religious and motherly feelings and her marital disillusionments. Her works include True Heart Exhaling Sweet Fragrance (Jó illattal füstölgő igaz szív) (1708). She is regarded as the first Hungarian Baroque poetess – B: 1068, 0883, 1257, 1031, T: 7456. Petrőczi, Éva (Ludwig, Mrs. András Szabó) (Pécs, 7 April 1951 - ) – Poet, translator of literary works, literary historian. Her higher studies were at the University of Szeged, where she studied English Literature (1970-1975), and at the Reformed Theological Academy, Budapest, where she studied Theology (1990-1992). She was on a Zsigmond Móricz scholarship twice and also on a Soros scholarship. In 1988 she obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Szeged. She taught English at Klára Leövey High School, Pécs (1975- 1977). From 1978 till 1982 she was Chief Officer of Public Culture at Aszód; in 1980- 1983 she worked as Editor for the Ferenc Móra Publishers. Between 1983 and 1989 she was in charge of the correspondence column at the periodical New Mirror (Új Tükör), and was an associate at the daily Hungarian Nation (Magyar Nemzet). In the meantime she worked for the Hungarian Radio Station as well. From 1989 to 1995 she was the chief contributor to the weekly Reformed (Presbyterian) People’s Paper (Reformátusok Lapja). From 1992 she worked for the Literary Funnel (Irodalomtölcsér) of TV-20 as Editor for the Literary Critic. Since 1970 she has been lecturing at home and abroad. From 1995 she was a lecturer and, later, Head of the Department of English Literature of the Gáspár Károli Reformed University, Budapest. In 2002 and 2003 she was a lecturer at the English Department of the University of Veszprém. From 2004 to 2007 she worked for the János (John) Selye University in Révkomárom (now Komarno, Slovakia). Since 2007 she has been a literary and artistic editor for the Reformed (Presbyterian) People’s Paper (Reformátusok Lapja), Budapest. Her research field is Hungarian and English Puritanism. For her, religion is not only a confession but a meditative source of poetry. She published 11 poetry books including Helena’s Ball (Heléna bálja) (1979); This is History, too (Ez is történelem) (1987); Grape in Moonshine (Szőlő holdfénynél) (1995); Confession, with Strawberry (Vallomás, eperrel) (1999); The Seventh Angel (A hetedik angyal) (2004), and A Priest, to his People (Egy pap, népéhez) (2007). Her study-volumes include Puritans and Puritanicals (2005) and Puritania (2006). She is a recipient of the Salvatore Quasimodo Prize (1995), the János Arany Prize (2002), and the Hungarian Radio Prize (2005). – B: 0874, 0878, 1613, T: 7103. Petróczy, István (Stephen) (Garancspetróc now Granč-Petrovce, Slovakia, 1876 - Budapest, 9 August 1957) – Flyer, pioneer of helicopter construction. He graduated from the Military Technical Academy of Budapest in 1895. In 1902 he was assigned to aerial navigation, and he learned balloon flying. In 1910 he received the airplane pilot’s license. During World War I, he filled several important posts in the Air Force of Austria-Hungary. In 1917 and 1918, at his initiative and with his participation, he devised, in cooperation with Tódor Kármán and Vilmos Zurovetz, the world’s first military helicopter. Between 1920 and 1924 until his retirement, he was Head of the Aviation Department of the Ministry of Commerce. He played an important role in the Aerotechnical Dictionary, published in 1920. The Petróczy-Kármán-Zurovetz (PKZ1 and PKZ 2), helicopters were built at the Lipták Motor Co. in Budapest. Prior to this first military helicopter, balloons were used for observations. – B: 0883, 1790, T: 7390.→Kármán, Tódor; Pioneers of Hungarian Aviation. Petroleum Engine – It functions like the gas engine with the difference that vaporized petroleum takes the place of gas. It was produced in Hungary by Ganz and Associate Motor Company, using the patent of Donát Bánki and János (Johna) Csonka. – B: 0942, T: 7390.→Bánki, Donát; Csonka, János. Petrovay Codex – A songbook from the 17th century, the work of the nobleman Miklós (Nicholas) Petrovay of Máramaros (now Maramureş, Romania) from 1671 to 1672. This manuscript, containing a wealth of material, is in the library of the Reformed College of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). – B: 1138, T: 7659.→Codex Literature. Petrovics, Emil (Nagybecskerek, now Zrenjanin in Serbia, 9 February 1930 - Budapest, 30 June 2011) – Composer. He studied composition at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, under the direction of Ferenc (Farncis) Szabó, János (John) Viski and Ferenc (Francis) Farkas. In 1959 he won a prize at the composers’ competition of Liège, Belgium. From 1960 to 1964 he was Music Director at the Petőfi Theater (Petőfi Színház) in Budapest; from 1964 a professor at the Academy of Dramatic Art; from 1968 a professor at the Academy of Music; from 1979 Department Head of Music Composition. From 1986 to 1991 he was Director of the Opera House in Budapest. He was an outstanding composer among his contemporaries. All his three operas appeared on stage in the Opera House of Budapest, as well as in some opera houses abroad: C’est la guerre (1961); Lysistrate (1962) and Crime and Punishment (Bűn és bünhödés) (1969). His ballet is entitled Salome (1979). He composed pieces for orchestra, including Concerto per flauto et orchestra, and Concertino, and two symphonies and four concertos for various musical instruments. He wrote chamber music, including Wind Quintet; Cassazione; Passacaglia in Blues; String Quartets and nine cantatas, and choir pieces. His book is entitled Ravel (1959), and his two-volume memoires, entitled Self-portrait Without Mask (Önarckép álarc nélkül) (1930-1966, 1967-2007), published towards the end of his life. In 1978 he was honored the Grand Prix du Disque. He is a recipient of the Kossuth Prize (1966, 2006), and the Ferenc Erkel Prize (1960, 1963); he was also honored as Artist of Merit (1975) and Outstanding Artist (1982), as well as the My Homeland Prize and the Bartók-Pásztory Prize; in 2005 he received the Middle Cross with Stars of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. – B: 1031, 1445, T: 7456.→Farkas, Ferenc; Viski, János. Petrus Hungarus (Pierre Hongre, 15th century) – A printer who emigrated from Hungary to France and worked on his own in Lyon in 1482, and also in partnership with Mathias Huss from 1483. He moved to Toulouse in 1491, where he became a typesetter, besides which, he also ran a bookshop. In 1492 he worked in Lyon again and in the following year he returned to Hungary. It is probable that he did not find the troubled times after the death of King Mátyás I (Matthias Corvinus) (1458-1490) suitable for printing books, because, from 1496, his printing shop was in operation again in Lyon. Having developed his trade into high art, he printed the so-called “diamond-type” books. Outstanding, even among the editions of his craftsmanship, are the splendidly presented missal of the diocese of Lyon and its breviary. However, he lost money on the extremely expensive finish of these works and suffered financial difficulties. His printing shop was still operating in 1510. – B: 0942, 1091, T: 7659. Petry, Béla Albert (Erzsébetfalva, Transylvania, now in Romania, 31 March 1902 - Maitland, USA, 29 November 1996) – Graphic artist and architect. His childhood was in Transylvania (Erdély, then part of Hungary). His primary and secondary education was partly in Erdély, partly in Budapest. His higher studies were at the Academy of Fine Arts, Budapest, the Architectural Academy, Vienna, the Academy of Fine Arts, Rome, and at the Munich Kunstakademie. Between 1930 and 1936 he lectured at the University of Debrecen; from 1936 to 1940 he worked as an illustrator at the Royal Hungarian University Press. He served as an officer in the Engineering Corps in World War II. He was a portrait painter in Munich in 1945 and 1946. He moved with his family to New York in 1946. He was an architect and designer in Worcester and Boston in 1946-1947. He became Professor of the Boston Architecture Center (1960-1967). He designed 96 buildings in the USA, including chapels, schools, libraries and commercial buildings. He illustrated a number of books and bookplates; his miniatures are rooted in Hungarian folkart. He exhibited in Hungary and elsewhere, including the American Hungarian Museum. He published Monumental Architecture Comparison between the Incas and the Mayans (1958) and Hungarian Saints of the House of Árpád (1988). His smaller drawings and Ex Libris plates are world-renowned. Several famous architectural works bear his name. – B: 1791, T: 7677, 7103. Petschauer, Attila (Budapest, 14 December 1904 - Davidovka, now Carpathian-Ukraine, 30 January 1943) – Swordsman and journalist. He was a member of the Olympic champion saber team in Amsterdam in 1928 and in Los Angeles in 1932. In 1928 he received a second place and, in 1932 a fifth place in the individual saber-fencing tournament. He participated in the victory of the saber-team championship in Liège in 1930 and in Vienna in 1931. In individual tournaments he won a second place in Budapest (1926) and in Liège (1930), and also won a second place in Ostende (1925) and Naples (1929), while in Vienna he won a third place in 1931. After his retirement, he became a correspondent for the paper The Evening (Az Est). He was a well-known and genial member of the artistic world. In 1942 he was enlisted in forced labor service on the Russian front, where he perished. – B: 0883, 1105, T: 7456. Petz, Aladár (Győr, 10 December 1888 - Győr, 27 February 1956) – Physician and inventor. He obtained his Medical Degree from the Medical School of Budapest in 1914. He was a military physician (1914-1918). He was Assistant Professor at the Surgical Clinic in Budapest, and Director of a hospital in Győr between 1922 and 1950. He earned recognition abroad by his study: Abdominal Catastrophes. His invention, the stomach and bowel sewing machine was presented at the 1921 annual meeting of the Hungarian Surgery Association. He invented a number of medical tools. He was first in Hungary to prepare an indicator system for various diagnoses. His papers were published in journals in Hungary and abroad. – B: 0883, 1226, 1730, T: 7390. |