Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2001
Table 16: Access to Amenities for Rural Households in Percentage |
Name of State/District
|
Good & Livable Households
|
Permanent Houses
|
Non-Serviceable Households
|
Semi Permanent & Serviceable Households
|
Water Away from Home
|
Households without Water and Electricity
|
Households without Drinking Water, Electricity and Latrines
|
Rural Households Availing Banking Services
|
ORISSA
|
90
|
22
|
6
|
73
|
32
|
28
|
28
|
20
|
Sundargarh
|
95
|
24
|
0
|
76
|
31
|
28
|
28
|
20
|
Mayurbhanj
|
91
|
10
|
3
|
87
|
39
|
36
|
36
|
24
|
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2001
The access to basic amenities is very poor, and this is clearly a very backward part of one of India’s poorest states. Very few people live in permanent houses, and access to drinking water and power is denied to about 36 per cent of the rural households in Mayurbhanj.
-
West Bengal
Table 17: Demographic Profile of Rural Households |
Name of State/Districts
|
% Rural Households
|
Average Size of Rural Households
|
% Rural Population
|
% SC
|
% ST
|
SC+ ST %
|
Sex Ratio
|
Literacy Rate
|
Persons
|
Male
|
Female
|
WEST BENGAL
|
71
|
5.12
|
72.03
|
26.88
|
7.16
|
34.05
|
950
|
53.40
|
61.66
|
44.71
|
Bankura
|
92
|
5.29
|
92.63
|
31.91
|
11.13
|
43.04
|
952
|
52.94
|
64.69
|
40.58
|
Medinipur
|
89
|
5.28
|
89.76
|
16.84
|
8.98
|
25.82
|
957
|
63.08
|
71.93
|
53.84
|
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2001
The selected districts are more rural than West Bengal as a whole, with an above – average ST population and a high SC population in Bankura. Though adverse to women, the gender ratio is marginally better than the state average. The performance in literacy is better than the state average in Medinipur, but female literacy lags behind everywhere.
Overall and female WPRs are above the state average, though predictably lower than male. Marginal workers are higher as a proportion than the state, reflecting a higher pent up demand for work. Though agriculture dependence is higher than the state average, it is lower than the rest of the sample districts of Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.
Table 18: Workforce Characteristics in Rural Areas |
Name of State/Districts
|
Workforce Participation Rate
|
% Main Worker
|
% Total Agricultural Labour +Marginal Cultivators
|
% Marginal Agricultural Labour+ Marginal Cultivators
|
% Agriculture Dependent Population
|
% Household Based Occupation
|
%Others
|
% Marginal Work
|
Persons
|
Male
|
Female
|
WEST BENGAL
|
37.90
|
54.09
|
20.86
|
73.58
|
38.05
|
17.74
|
58.60
|
7.85
|
33.55
|
26.42
|
Bankura
|
45.58
|
57.05
|
33.53
|
64.81
|
46.33
|
26.73
|
69.75
|
5.56
|
24.69
|
35.19
|
Medinipur
|
39.94
|
54.96
|
24.26
|
65.70
|
42.40
|
24.81
|
64.34
|
7.83
|
27.82
|
34.30
|
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2001
The proportion of marginal workers in women is amongst the highest in these West Bengal districts. Underemployment is obviously high, especially in women. There is far greater livelihood diversification in West Bengal with a high dependence on work in the ‘others’ category. Household based occupations too seem more important in West Bengal.
Table 19: Selected Characteristics of Women in Rural Areas |
Name of State/District
|
Literacy Rate
|
Sex Ratio
|
SC Sex Ratio
|
ST Sex Ratio
|
Workforce Participation Rate
|
% Main Workers
|
% Cultivators
|
% Agriculture Labour
|
% Household based Occupation
|
% Others
|
% Marginal Worker
|
WEST BENGAL
|
44.71
|
950
|
953
|
984
|
20.86
|
43.52
|
16.81
|
38.43
|
17.94
|
26.82
|
56.48
|
Bankura
|
40.58
|
952
|
967
|
984
|
33.53
|
36.04
|
22.34
|
50.12
|
9.29
|
18.25
|
63.96
|
Medinipur
|
53.84
|
957
|
966
|
977
|
24.26
|
34.30
|
21.53
|
41.05
|
17.00
|
20.41
|
65.70
| |
Yüklə 3.85 Mb.