P. g and research department of botany
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Core - VIII GENETICS AND EVOLUTION UNIT 1: Genetics – Introduction – Mendel’s laws and principles – Deviation from Mendelian ratio – Lethality – Multiple factor hypothesis. UNIT 2: Incomplete dominance – complementary factor – Epistasis – Multiple alleles – Physical basis of heredity. UNIT 3: Linkage and Crossing over – mapping of chromosomes and genes – Sex linkage in Drosophila (eye color) – Cytoplasmic inheritance – Sex determination in Drosophila. UNIT 4: Structural changes in Chromosome – number and behaviour – their genetic deficiencies – Duplication, Translocations, Inversion, Deletion. Polyploidy – types – gene action – Gene unit – cistron, recon, muton, codon and operon. Gene mutation, physical and chemical mutagens. Mutation rate and its role in evolution. Unit 5: Concept of evolution - Origin of life – Organic evidences – Theories of organic evolution (Charles Darwin, Lamarck) - Modern synthetic theories. BOOKS FOR STUDY Genetics:
Evolution:
Core IX BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING Unit 1: Definition, History of Biotechnology - Traditional and Modern. Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary area, global impact and current excitement (health care, agriculture, genomics, proteomics and Bio-informatics). International center for genetic engineering and biotechnology (ICGEB), Prevention of misuse of biotechnology. Unit 2: Vectors and their applications: Cloning vectors – pUC, pBR322 - Agrobacterium based vectors – Binary and cointegrated vectors – GUS and GFP assays – Marker assisted selections – Herbicide and antibiotic resistance markers (for bacterial and plant selections) – Plate replica technique. Unit 3: rDNA technology: Isolation of RNA – Reverse Transcription PCR – cDNA collections – Introduction to micro array technique (fluorescence probes) – rDNA technology - Enzymes involved – Restriction enzymes – types – exonucleases and endonucleases – Ligases. Unit – 4. Plant genome organization: Functional organization (nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondria) - physical nature of gene – (promoters, enhancers, transcription factors – (zinc finger and Lusine zipper models) and their applications in modern Biotechnology. Agrobacterium mediated transformation - Gene gun mediated transformation. Unit – 5. Gene Silencing in plants: Transctiptional and Post - Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS & PTGS) – RNAi in general – Flower colour modulations with RNAi – RNAi mediated viral resistance – Delay of fruit ripening. Books for study:
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