P. g and research department of botany
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Core – IIIa PRACTICAL FOR CORE III : PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND PALEOBOTANY PteridophytesStudy of morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive parts of the following Psilotum, Lycopodium, Equisetum, Adiantum and Marsilea GymnospermsStudy of morphology and anatomy of the vegetative and reproductive parts of the following- Cycas, Pinus and Gnetum. PaleobotanyStudy of internal morphology of Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Lepidocarpus, Calamites and Williamsonia. (Extinct and fossil forms) Botanical tour and submission of field report. Experiments (Demonstration only)
Edible Mushroom Cultivation Unit-1 Introduction: Mushroom – definition, importance, history of cultivation, habitat, collection, morphology and identification of edible and poisonous mushrooms. Unit-2 Mushroom growing: Choice of growing systems – shelves, trays, material, growing in polythene bags, mushroom house, composting, pasteurization. Unit-3 Spawn and spawning: Strains, containers, quantity of spawn to be used, spawning techniques, casing. Unit-4 Crop management: Air temperature, humidity, ventilation, air-bed ratio, watering, disposal of used compost, cropping period, insects and pests, insecticides and their use. Unit-5 Picking, grading, packing and marketing; sanitation, economics of mushroom cultivation, food value, mushroom recipes. Cultivation of button, paddy straw and oyster mushroomsBooks for study:
Core IV CYTOLOGY, ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY Unit-1. Cytology -Ultrastructure of plant cell, cell wall- primary and secondary, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cells organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Plastids, Ribosomes (70S & 80S), Nucleus. Chromosomes- morphology. Giant chromosomes, DNA, RNA Cell division - Amitosis, Mitosis and Meiosis. Unit 2. Anatomy: The Cell Wall- middle lamella, primary and secondary cell wall, chemical components, fatty substances, gums and mucilage, mineral substances, cell wall proteins-Simple tissues-Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Scleroids, Fibers-Plasmodesmata and Pits. Unit 2. Meristems- classification and concepts-Primary structure of Root-Primary structure of Stem - Leaf: Structure, position, modifications, venation and development. Anatomy of the node- Vascular supply in the petiole- Root- Stem Transition-Epidermis : Epidermal cell modifications, Stomata and Hairs. Unit 3. Complex permanent tissues: Xylem, fibers, xylem parenchyma, vascular rays, primary and secondary xylem- Phloem: Companion cells, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibers, sieve tube elements- Procambium and Vascular cambium- Lenticells- Tyloses-Growth rings-Heart wood and Sap wood- Secondary growth in Dicot stems-Anomalous secondary growth in Nyctanthus, Aristolochia, Boerheavia, Bignonia and Draceara - Abscission of leaves. Unit 4. Embryology: Structure and development of Anther- Microsporogenesis-Male gametophyte development - Structure, types and development of Ovule- Megasporogenesis- Female gametophyte development ( Polygonum type ) - Pollination types- Self-incompatibility- Double fertilization- Post- fertilization changes- Endosperm (Nuclear, Cellular, Helobial and Ruminate)- Development of Embryo- Dicot (Capsella) and Monocot (Luzella)- Brief account on Apomixes and Polyembryony. BOOKS FOR STUDY: Cell Biology:
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