P. g and research department of botany
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Skill Based Elective – II FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS. Unit-1 Introduction – Digital computers – Generations of computers – Classification of Computers – Characteristics of computers. Organization of Computer system – Components of a computers system – Input devices – Output devices – Secondary storage devices. Unit-2 Computer languages – Machine language – Assembly language – High-level language – Types of software: System software, application software, Utility software. Unit-3 Application of computers – Scientific and Engineering Research – Business – Banks – Office automation – Desk Top Publishing – Project management – Communication – Education – Medicine – Other applications Unit-4 Operating systems – MS DOS – Simple MS DOS commands – MS Windows – Components of Windows – Windows Accessories – Windows Explorer – Unix. Unit-5 Fundamentals of Computer networks – Protocol – Network topologies – Network architecture – Basic Network components – Types of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN. Books for study:
Core – VII TAXONOMY AND PLANT NATURAL PRODUCTS Unit 1: Morphology: Phyllotaxy – inflorescence types (Raceme, cyme, mixed and special) – terminology of floral parts, floral diagram, floral formula and outline classification of fruits. Taxonomy - Classification – Artificial (Linnaeus system)- Natural (Bentham and Hooker’s system). Binomial Nomenclature-Brief account of ICBN- Techniques of Plant specimen preparation and Herbarium management- Various herbaria in India and abroad. Unit 2: Detailed study on salient features, description, distribution and economic importance of the families: Annonaceae, Capparidaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocyanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceae, Liliaceae and Poaceae. Unit 3: Introduction, Natural product source, Higher plants, microbes, marine organisms and animals. Primary metabolites, Secondary metabolites from plants – vinblastin, withaferin, steviosides, colchicin, menthol and alizarin. Unit 4: Oils from plants – Biological source, method of preparation, chemical constitutents and uses of the following: Volatile oils – turpentine oils, Cardomom, Mentha oil, Menthol, Lemon grass oil, Clove oil, Camphor and Eucalyptus. Alkaloid from plants: isolation and extraction of alkaloids: Occurance, distribution and uses of alkaloids – Colchicum, Cinchona, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Coca, Vinca, Nux-vomica. Unit 5: Traditional drugs: Synonyms, Geographical occurance, Chemcial constituents and the uses of the following – Amla, Arjuna, Aswagandha, Brahmi, Pipal, Pudina, Garlic, Tulsi, Vasana, Bitter almond. Gums and Resins: Biological source, chemical constituents and uses of the following – Acacia gum, Guar gum, Sterculia gum, Resins – Cannabis, Capsicum, Asafoetida, Benzonin. Books for study: Taxonomy
Plant Natural Products
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