final version) September, 2013 table of contents

ANNEX 4- INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (IPMP)

Irrigated agriculture improvement project (VIAIP) is implemented based on the proposal of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development proposes the World Bank (WB) to fund a loan of 180 million USD, carried out from 2014 to 2020. The purpose of the project is "to improve irrigated agriculture systems for sustainable development is selected in the northern mountainous provinces and central coastal provinces of Vietnam”. The project is designed to ensure sustainable and efficient access to irrigation services and support of Vietnam government in its efforts to apply a new model to improve the competitiveness (more agriculture adaptation with climate change and greenhouse gas emission reduction). This purpose will be achieved through irrigated and drainage service improvement, provide additionally consulting services and strengthen institutional capacity at province level, irrigation systems and local communities.

The total estimated cost is 210 million USD, including capital of 180 million USD from the World Bank and contributed capital of 30 million USD from Vietnam government, including funding from the State and the provinces.

The project is implemented in the 03 northern midland and mountainous provinces of Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, and 04 central coastal provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Quang Nam.

The project consists of 04 components, as follows:

Component A (10 million USD) - Supporting development and completing institution and policy. The main objective of this component is to support development and complete institution and policy to strengthen and improve management efficiency. Strengthening access to services through fiscal management mechanism improvement;

Component B (170 million USD) - Improving irrigation systems, with the goal of repairing, upgrading and modernizing operating irrigation systems to ensure designed irrigation area;

Component C (25 million USD) - Support for building pilot fields with high profit. The objectives of this component is to support the development of the pilot field with high effectiveness access to agriculture to adapt to climate change, in different ecosystems, supporting a variety of land use, increasing water productivity, and reducing the negative impacts when releasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).

Component D (5 million USD) - Project management, monitoring and evaluation.

The goal of the project is suitable for expected irrigation system restructuring system and modernization of MARD. Focusing on institutional reforms, restructuring and improving capacity for all levels is very suitable for agricultural restructuring plan and new Water Resource Law of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The project will be implemented in 07 provinces including Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Quang Nam.

Based on the proposals of the provinces in the project, the consultants prepare materials of project feasibility (FS) is expected to classify the works as follows:

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  Group of Sub-project 1: - Rehabilitation and upgrade to canal system (sub-project 6, sub-project 7, sub-project 9 and sub-project 10).
  
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  Group of Sub-project 2: - Upgrade and strengthening head dam of reservoir and canal system (sub-project 1, sub-project 5, and sub-project 8).
  
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  Group of Sub-project 3: Rehabilitation and upgrade to hydraulic and electric pumping stations (sub-project 4).
  
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  Group of Sub-project 4: Building up new drainage pumping station (sub-project 3).
  
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  Group of Sub-project 5: Building up new multi-purpose village ponds (sub-project 2).
  

In general, the provinces in the project area are slow-growing economy over the country, in agriculture production, the share of industry and services is low in the structure of the whole economy. Agriculture is mainly cultivation at small level, less intensive investment. Average area of ​​agricultural land per capita in the project area is lower than the average over the country. The structure of land use in the provinces shown in the following table:

Regarding the structure of plants, mainly producing short-term crops such as rice, corn, potatoes, cassava, peanuts…Some provinces have long-term crops such as tea, rubber, coffee ... and some citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits...

The provinces of Ha Giang, Phu Tho and Hoa Binh use average of 320 kg of inorganic fertilizer, 2-3 tons of organic fertilizer for 1 ha/crop. The provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Quang Nam use average of 350 kg of inorganic fertilizer, 3-4 tons of organic fertilizers for 1 ha /crop (Table 3).

Thus, the actual amount of fertilizer to crops in the provinces in the project area is still much lower than the nutritional requirements as well as engineering process. Caused by high fertilizer prices increases so that fertilizer invests for most crops to tend to decrease compared with the previous years; especially fertilizer for rice, and fruits.

Technical improper fertilizer use in farming is leading to low fertilizer effectiveness, with over 50% of surplus protein, 50% of surplus potassium and approximately 80% of surplus phosphate directly or indirectly causes land environment pollution...

Many of plant areas with the number of fertilizer is still very low as cassava, arrowroot ... but there are also a number of plants with fertilizer is quite high, as vegetable growing areas and orange growing areas .

About fertilization method, most farmers in the provinces have grasped technical requirements for crops but also many farmers use fertilizer not in accordance with requirements such as imbalance nutrient fertilization, use much protein, little potassium, most fields with high acid parameter do not add lime, use less organic fertilizer…

According to the survey results in Table 3: Ha Giang, Phu Tho and Hoa Binh use average of 1.3 kg of pesticides for 1.0 ha of plants. The provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Quang Nam use average of 1.5 kg and 0.6 kg of herbicide for 1,0 ha of plants.

According to data from Department of plant protection and DARD of Hoa Binh, safe management of pesticide use for agricultural activities is not good, many pesticides have not declared yet or have not declared that the authorities are not in control.

Trends in herbicide use increase strongly in recent years, especially in the mountainous areas in the majority of intensive corn area.

Many provinces have positive measures in order to recommend people to implement integrated pest measure, limit use of pesticides in agriculture.

In Quang Tri province, pesticide use is guided by directed notice of Department of Plant Protection, the status rampant pesticide use has reduced significantly, only when disease threatens to production people conduct to spray on infested plants. Therefore, the use of pesticides on main crops is low.

The mountainous areas use pesticide usually lower than in the lowland provinces, but if there is no measure to control and closely examine the risk of contamination can still occur.

1.5. Forecast to increase fertilizer and pesticide after the project

When the project implements, ​area of land increases by 29,391 ha (Table 4), in which, in Ha Tinh province adds 10,538 ha, Quang Nam adds 6,389 ha, Hoa Binh adds 3575 ha, the remaining provinces add from 1,000 to 4,318 ha

NNo.	Province	Positive irrigation area (Ha)		Additional area (ha)
		2011	2020	2020/2011
1	Ha Giang	1,610	3,025	1,415
2	Phu Tho	716.6	1716.6	1,000
3	Hoa Binh	14,362	19,738	5376
4	Thanh Hia	6836	11 154	4,318
5	Ha Tinh	19 523	30 061	10,538
6	Quang Tri	2,630	5400	2,770
7	Quang Nam	16 633	23 022	6389
	Total:	59 984	89 375	29,391

 With an average of 320kg of inorganic fertilizer/ha, 3 tons of organic fertilizer/ha and 1.3 kg of pesticides/ha for mountainous areas and 350 kg of inorganic fertilizer/ha, 4 tons of manure/ha and 2,1kg pesticide/ha in the central region, the amount of fertilizers and pesticides increase after implementation of the project is 10,898 tons of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers 119 433 tons and 60.56 tons of pesticides (Table 5)

However, the irrigation systems improved is base to achieve optimum on water regulation according to SRI principle. Therefore, if farmers in the project area are participated field cources(Farmer Field School - FFS) on Integrated Pest Management IPM is integrated with System Rice Intecsification (SRI), minimum tillage, biological prevention measures ... they will improve their knowledge and skills to grow crop health, recovery and develop soil eco-system. Crop health will withstand the pests, extreme weather, increase crop output, reduce the use of chemicals, especially pesticides, fungicides, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Also due to the effect of IPM, less harmful chemical use to health, the environment will gradually replace the toxic chemicals. Parallel to the training for farmers on IPM/SRI/minimum tillage, community activities on Pesticide risk reduction-PRR such as training for local leaders, pesticide users, pesticide sales ... the regulations on pesticide management, the risks from pesticides and implement measures of labor protective when exposing to pesticides, pesticide packaging collection after using ... will have integrated effects to reduce risks from pesticides in the project area.