final version) September, 2013 table of contents

Strengthening flora protection at local level, reducing pesticide use in the field, improving the efficiency of prevention, managing well pesticide and pesticide use process to reduce the risk of contamination pesticides on the environment and affect human health

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  Support of the Department of Plant Protection of 7 provinces in strengthening pest management and pesticide management in accordance with the national action plan on food hygiene and safety, food security, adaptation to climate change and the concerned international conventions that the Government has approved;
  
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  Strengthening the capacity of IPM in Vietnam, including farmer groups to implement training IPM and research activities with farmers producing rice, vegetables ... to improve life, better and more sustainable crop production, minimizing the from pesticides.
  
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  Strengthening environmental protection, food safety through strengthening the role of predators; reduce pesticide residues to ensure food hygiene and safety, reduce environmental pollution (water, land, air)
  
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  Improving farmers' knowledge: distinguish the major pests, secondary; identify predators and their role in the field, clearly understand the effect of two colors of pesticides, property use, know how to survey pest and use threshold control; understand and apply pest control measures in IPM to increase income for farmers.
  

The following principles will be applied to all sub-projects likely to increase the use of fertilizers and pesticides:

1. 
   "Prohibited list": As defined in the screening criteria in Environmental and social Management Framework (ESMF), the project will not finance the purchase of pesticides in large quantities. However, if there is a serious infestation of pests in the region, the project will support to buy small quantities of pesticides; The acquisition, pesticides, storage and transportation will be subjected to the provisions of the Government and without objection of the Bank, the purchase of pesticides can be done. The list of banned pesticides will not be used and circulated
   
2. 
   IPM program and project support: All the benefits of sub-projects from the renovation of irrigation systems are supported by the project and implementation of IPM program is part of the EMP for the sub-project. Support project will include technical assistance (consulting) to perform the non-chemical options, and priority support for agricultural extension services, including additional operating costs. The bank support fee for integrated prevention program of all sub-projects and will be required or approved an independent program or as a part of EMP. A proposed budget has been allocated for the implementation of IPM programs for the project area (in the component C). Detailed planning work will be completed through consultation close to farmers, local authority/PCP organization.
   
3. 
   The project will apply IPM programs as a method to minimize the potential negative impact of the increased use of fertilizers and chemicals. However, the improvement of knowledge and experience in the use of fertilizers and chemicals are through research surveys and training courses in the work as well as selecting safe use of non-chemicals, other techniques, is being investigated and/or applied in Vietnam. National IPM Program has also summarized the results of the implementation and the lessons of experience. The project will apply National IPM program results and detailed technical guidance.
   
4. 
   IPM Program subproject can be set up to support the implementation of the Government's policy and objectives focusing on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
   
5. 
   In normal conditions, if pesticide use is considered to be a necessary option, only pesticides registered with the government and the international recognition in use and project will also provide technical and economic information for chemicals use demand. It should consider the options in the management of not harmful chemicals and can also reduce reliance on the use of pesticides. The measures will be incorporated into the project design to reduce risks related to the handling and use of pesticides to allowed possible level and managed by users
   
6. 
   The planning and implementation of mitigation measures and other activities will be carried out closely with the authorities, powers and stakeholders, including suppliers of chemicals, to facilitate cooperation and understanding each other.
   

Focus more on the risks of abuse and excessive use chemical of plant protection products. The concerned plant are rice, vegetables, tea ... these plants tend to be sprayed more of pesticides.

Focus on community education, the initial survey will be incorporated into the task with the aim of clarifying the root cause of the abuse and excessive use of plant protection products and the associated risks. Support the capacity building of the instructor (trainer) IPM. The current program will need to be reviewed and new modules will be supplemented to increase the portion related to reducing the risk of plant protection products. The training program will be enriched with the integration of many activities such as System Rice Intensification (System Rice Intensification - SRI), minimum tillage (minimum tillage), production community and use of bio-products replacing plant protection chemicals ... the training activities, the application will be made in the wide area application of the model.

To perform this content, it should perform the following steps:

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  Step 0: Hiring consultants: A group of consultants (IPM consultants) will be hired to assist PMU in implementing IPM programs including ensurring results and cooperation among the agencies, farmers, and other stakeholders. The task for the consultant will be implemented at an early stage of project implementation.
  
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  Step 1: Set up the basic requirements of the register the program of farmers. This step should be implemented as soon as possible with appropriate questionnaire to establish base in 2013 for the use of fertilizers and of pesticides in the project area. Consultation with key agencies in the conduct of training, registration of participating farmers.
  
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  Step 2: Set program goals and prepare a work plan. Based on the results from the questionnaire and consultation at Step 1, work plan and schedule will be prepared, including budgeting and implementation object. The work plan will be submitted to the PMU and approved by the World Bank for review and comment.
  
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  Step 3: Implementation and annual review. After approval of the work plan, the activities will be implemented. Implementation progress will be included in the project progress reports. An annual evaluation report will be implemented by PMU and Sub-Department of Plant Protection.
  

Before implementing IPM program, consultants must have the original investigation to have the necessary information such as:

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  Survey to collect data on: staple crops have economic significance in the project area: seeds, crop, growth characteristics, farming techniques,
  
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  Survey to collect data on soil conditions, pedology, local climate
  
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  Investigate the situation of the pest, harmful rule arises, their economic damage causing on the major crops in the project area
  
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  Investigate the role of natural enemies parasitic of pests on the major crops in the project area
  
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  Investigate the actual situation of pest control measures, pesticide use and their effect at the local
  
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  Investigate the socio-economic conditions, income, technical knowledge, and practices ...
  

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  Cultivation methods: Soil, field sanitation, crop rotation, intercropping, crop seasons, reasonable sowing and planting density, rational use of fertilizers; appropriate caring measures
  
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  Using seed: the tradition seed and the proposed seed in use
  
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  The biological measures: taking advantage of available natural enemies in the field, using probiotics...
  
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  Determination of the level of harm and prevention threshold
  
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  Chemical measures: safe using with natural enemies, the economic threshold; 4 correct use of medicines;
  

This section done ​​by the Department of Crop Production, based on soil characteristics, climate, farming skills ... Department of Crop Production will propose to the TDA of pilot field for agricultural development with the highly effective main crops. IPM activities in the pilot field will serve for sightseeing and guidance of practice.

Some of the main contents when building the IPM in the pilot field, as follows:

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  Construction of demonstration models for applying IPM measures proposed above
  
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  Building model involved by the people with the guidance of technical staff
  
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  In the model, there need to build nuclear farmers, group leader
  
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  In addition to technical assistance there should be support materials, ... for households participating in demonstration models
  
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  Compiling IPM guiding documentation for major crops: rice, vegetables ...
  
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  Scale of model: depending on crops,... specific economic conditions, models were constructed using different scales: 5-10 ha / model.
  

TOT (Training of trainers) and Farmer Field School (FFS):

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  Each sub-project will organize workshops and staff training of IPM. The content of the training includes:
  
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    Distinguish the major and secondary pests
    
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    Identify the natural enemies of pests and diseases in the field
    
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    Investigate methods to detect worms and diseases
    
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    Understand the impact of two pesticides, using appropriate pesticides
    
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    The techniques pest control under IPM principles
    
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    Advanced farming techniques
    
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      The understanding must be trained in theory and practical application in the field. The contents above can be trained under thematic groups: farming thematic, identification thematic and detection methods of pests and their natural enemies, the thematic of IPM techniques in production …
      
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      Training object: The technical staff of the Department of Agriculture, Sub-department of plant protection, agricultural extension of districts, communes, and cooperatives. These students will train to the farmers in the project area, the implementing of models.
      
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      The size of each class is from 20 to 30 students, held in each district. Learning time in each stage. According to the thematic training session, each session may last 3-5 days on both theory and practice.
      
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      Lecturer: hire experts from University/Research institute/Agricultural Extension Center...
      

Training of Farmers (TOF) follows Farmer Field School (FFS):

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  Method: Combine theoretical training and base on practical fields of farmers and demonstration model on demonstration IMP in the pilot field;
  
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  Contents are the same as IMP staff training;
  
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  Participants: participating farmers, farmers who direct implement the models and farmers outside if interested;
  
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  Classes are organized in each commune.
  
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  Lecturer: staffs attended TOT classes
  

Visit the coast conference, farmers performing the demonstration models are reporters. The farmers implement ​​the model directly with the participants; visiting farmers will calculate, compare economic performance and identify lessons, limitations and the work being done and not being done

Invite experts in related fields participating in the assessment, analysis and additional evaluation, perfecting the processes; the mass media, the propaganda extension organization, expansion and transfer the result, the technical advances to farmers, and production areas with similar conditions

The project is expected to achieve the following results:

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  The risk of food safety and the environment are minimized through the implementation of existing regulations in business management and use of plant protection products and other provisions in national policy and the implementation.
  
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  The capacity of the provincial PPD, farmer trainers are enhanced meeting training work, IPM training and IPM practice advocacy are maintained.
  
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  Support for farmer groups after learning IPM to continue experiment to determine the application technical advances more effectively in production and popular in the community.
  
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  Support for strengthening commune locality, strengthening pesticide management including the implementation and enforcement of legislation controlling plant protection products. Construction and distribution of a short list of specific plant protection products proposed use for rice and safe vegetables production.
  

Currently, Vietnam is implementing the national IPM program, so sub-projects requires coordinated planning and integration of the IPM program of the project with the National IPM program to perform more effectively within of each sub-project.

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  Central Project Office (CPO):
  
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    Guide subprojects in building program of integrated pest management IPM
    
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    Responsible for overall supervision and monitoring progress of the IPM program of subprojects.
    
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  Provincial Project Management Unit PPMU:
  
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    Developing and implementing IPM program
    
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    To be responsible for the preparation of periodic reports on the implementation and submitting to CPO, WB. Final plan and budget will be completed and discussed with the CPO. All documents will be stored in the project file.
    

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  Sub-Department of Plant Protection (BVTV):
  
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    Provide policy and technical guidelines for the implementation of the IPM program.
    
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    Join in IPM model building
    
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    Join coaching and staff training IPM
    
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  Plant Protection Station at district level
  
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    Coordinate with IPM staff to implement coaching and trained of farmers implemented IPM through the approach and provide of knowledge, support for of farmers on the safe use of pesticides when necessary.
    
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    Guide the list of banned pesticides
    
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    Examine the distribution facility providing pesticides to ensure the provision of safe pesticides for farmers
    
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      People’s committee at commune level
      

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  Households in the project area:
  

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  Implementing IPM program has trained
  
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  The members of the IPM club support together to develop agricultural activities. They also play a central role in the task of organizing community IPM program and general agricultural planning of commune and district as well.
  

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  Environmental Safety Monitoring Consultant
  

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  Monitoring the implementation of IPM program of sub-projects
  
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  Guides local PMU in the implementation
  
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  To recommend measures to improve the efficiency of implementation of IPM program of sub-projects
  

Funding estimates of the sub-projects implement IPM program includes the following categories:

(i) Funds for research and initial testing

(ii) Funds for Building of demonstration models

(iii) Funds for coaching and IPM staff training: Calculated for the classes held in each district = unit price x number of district of each sub-project

(iv) Funds for coaching and training of farmers: Calculated for the organization of class in each commune = unit price x number of commune in each sub-project

(v) Funds held assessment and the shore tours based on demonstration models and field applying IPM following models of farmers. Each district held a conference for shore tours in 1 day

(vi) Scientific conference, evaluating results, information and experiences exchange, expanding the model. Each District held a scientific conference

No.	Province	Number of district	Number of commune
1	Ha Giang	6	22
2	Phu Tho	2	15
3	Hoa Binh	8	24
4	Thanh Hoa	2	34
5	Ha Tinh	4	58
6	Quang Tri	4	14
7	Quang Nam	7	51
	Sum:	32	221

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  The amount of fertilizer is 1ha (8-10 tons) of manure, 250 kg Urea, 500 kg superphosphate, K chloride 150kg.
  
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  Whole basal fertilizing of manure, phosphate + 20% urea + 30% K.
  
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  Additional fertilizing tillering 60-70% urea + 20% K.
  
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  Note: The spring crop only put down fertilizer when the weather is not too cold and nitrogen fertilizer limited when rice is in ear to avoid fall in the end of the crop pests.
  

Amount of the fertilizer for 1 acres: 4-5 kg decomposed manure, urea nitrogen 8-12 kg 6-12 kg K chloride, Lam Thao superphosphate 15-25 kg. Specific fertilizer depending on the frame with rice, soil properties:

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  High-yielding hybrid rice varieties grown on sandy soils, silver colored, fertilize with manure maximum.
  
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  Domesticated rice varieties, nutrient-rich soil fertilizer with a minimum quantity.
  
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  Sandy soil, silver colored, with mineral fertilizer ratio 1 N: 1 K2O: 1 P2O5 (1 protein: 1 K: 1 time per pure fertilizer concentration)..
  

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  Recommendation on manufacturing: For initiative water soil, the total amount of fertilizer deeply lined manure, 30-40% protein + phosphate, K before transplanting harrow. None initiative water land is not nitrogen fertilizer liner to prevent cold rice death..
  
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  The 1st additional fertilizing when rice plants have taken root in green (15-20 days after transplanting). Apply 50-80% protein 20-40% + K, water levels flooded 5cm.
  
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  Additional fertilizing Series 2: When the rice stand, about 1-4 to 10-4 every year, 10% nitrogen fertilizer notes and other potassium. Nitrogen pay attention to the color of the leaf, if the leaf is dark green, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer to increase the amount of K, so until flowering rice, the leaves are green ginger is good, keep humidity saturated soil (soft land, subsidence feet).
  
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  In addition to ensuring high yield and stability need to better control some pests and diseases of rice such as BPH, stem borer, sheath blight, blast, ...
  

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  The amount of seed for 1 ha: 15 kg
  
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  Organic manure: lowland areas reach at least 4-5 tons, and highland areas 3-4 tons or more.
  
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  Urea 300 kg
  
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  Phosphate 400 - 500 kg
  
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  Potassium fertilizer 150 kg
  

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  The amount of seed for 1 ha: 25 kg
  

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  Organic manure: lowland areas reach at least 4-5 tons, and highland areas 3 tons or more.
  
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  Urea 200 - 250 kg
  
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  Phosphate 350 - 400 kg
  
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  Potassium fertilizer 100 - 120 kg
  

Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Extension Station in collaboration with the Agricultural Extension training for hamlets extension workers understand the tasks required to perform work at the facility. Mastering the knowledge and basic technical requirements for intensive rice, maize.

Intensive technical guidance in hamlets. Printing leaflets to guide the production, intensive rice plant and maize farmers for each.

a) The rice plants:

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  About seed; cultivated by the new hybrid rice varieties, limit the use of the old hybrids, Steering simultaneously sowing of seasonality, monoculture on the same field, due to time of growth, leading to different characteristics difficult disease management, water control and take care.
  
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  Regarding technical aspects;
  
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    For rice sowing: Continue to apply the sowing areas with convenient conditions to ensure irrigation water, flat land (with accompanying technical process).
    
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    For rice plants: a new technique is applicable implanted moderately high density 55-60 clusters / m2, less transplant dedicated to saves Seed and time shorten the tillering, apply enough fertilizer under the guidance of technical staff
    
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    Apply day intensive from Seed stage, saving seeds, apply integrated pest management (IPM), reduced plant pesticide to reduce input costs.
    

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  About seeds; lowland areas and upland in the uplands and upland villages of communal planting some of the maize hybrids. The area is not cultivated maize, maize buy pure, pure, high yield potential. Maize must originate clear, good quality seeds, the specialized agencies testing before supply for sowing.
  
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  Technique: Planting density from 5.5 to 6 thousand plants / ha, only 1 tree / hole, the upland districts in density from 5 to 5.5 thousand plants / ha (1-2 plants / hole), enough organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are balance, Arlier additional fertilizing as instructed.