Contributors (in alphabetical order)
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Research, Monitoring and Evaluation ActivitiesNPTThe BPA has funded research (project 86-50) to determine stock status and factors limiting production of white sturgeon in the Lower Snake River. In 1995 theWDFW, ODFW, and CRITFC assessed white sturgeon stock status in McNary Reservoir including the lower Snake River reach from the confluence with the Columbia River upstream to Ice Harbor Dam. This research was conducted using baited setlines anchored to the bottom; gear that targets subadult and adult white sturgeon without impacting listed salmonids. Multiple passes through the study area, systematic mark and recapture sampling, and biological sampling produced estimates of population abundance and age structure, reproductive potential, growth rate, and rates of mortality. A similar assessment was made in 1996 in Ice Harbor Reservoir upstream to Lower Monumental Dam (DeVore et al. 1997) and in 1997 in Lower Monumental and Little Goose reservoirs by the WDFW and the ODFW (DeVore et al. 1998). Early life history studies of white sturgeon, as well as surveys of critical spawning habitats in the Lower Snake, were conducted by the Biological Resource Division of the USGS in 1996-98 and funded by the BPA under project 86-50. Artificial substrates and D-ring plankton nets were deployed in lower Snake Reaches to capture sturgeon eggs and larva. These surveys revealed where and when white sturgeon spawned in the Lower Snake River. Water depths, temperatures, velocities, and bottom substrates were noted to provide physical descriptions of sturgeon spawning habitats. The USGS and the USFWS cooperated and coordinated efforts to survey and model these critical habitats. Recruitment of white sturgeon in the Lower Snake River is determined by annual surveys of young-of-year (YOY) white sturgeon. Small mesh gill nets (2-inch stretch measure) are systematically fished in Ice Harbor and Little Goose reservoirs by the ODFW and the WDFW to index annual recruitment of YOY white sturgeon. These data will be correlated to environmental variables that have been shown to influence reproductive success and recruitment of white sturgeon (Counihan et al. In Press). These ongoing studies were initiated in 1997 in Ice Harbor Reservoir and 1998 in Little Goose Reservoir and funded under BPA project 86-50. WDFWThe WDFW manages wildlife populations within the subbasin. Annual surveys are conducted for deer, and various diversity species. The Upland Restoration Program works with landowners to improve wildlife habitat on private land.
USFWSThe USFWS conducts research in cooperation with state agencies and tribes that is focused on early life history and passage survival of anadromous salmonid smolts in the Lower Snake River reservoirs. Survival of smolts to the tailraces of the Lower Snake River dams is monitored annually using tagging and mark-recapture technology. There are four research, monitoring, and evaluation activities that are crucial to the recovery of Snake River fall and spring/summer chinook salmon and steelhead. These are the following:
Studies should be continued or implemented to answer questions. REFERENCESACOE. 1976. Final environmental impact statement for the Lower Snake River Fish and Wildlife Compensation Plan, Appendices D, E, and F. Anglea, S. R. 1997. Abundance, food habits and salmonid fish consumption of smallmouth bass and distribution of crayfish in Lower Granite Reservoir, Idaho-Washington. Master’s thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow. Asherin, D. A., and J.J. Claar. Inventory of riparian habitats and associated wildlife along the Columbia and Snake rivers, Volume III-A, Snake River – McNary Reservoir. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. B. Baker, Washington Department of Transportation, personal communication, Aug. 1999 Barnhart, R.A. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Southwest)--steelhead. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82. 21 pp. Bartels, D. 1999. Personal communications. Pomeroy Conservation District, Pomeroy Conservation District, Pomeroy, WA. Basham, L. 2000. Fish Passage Center Memorandum to Margaret J, Filardo, RE: ESA Listed Bull Trout at Smolt Monitoring Sites. April 10, 2000. Bauer, S.B. and T.A. Burton 1993. Monitoring protocols to evaluate water quality effects of grazing management on western rangeland streams. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report No. 910/R-93-017 Becker, C.D., and M.P. Fujihara. 1978. The bacterial pathogen Flexibacter columnaris and its epizootiology among Columbia River fish. Monograph No. 2. American Fisheries Society, Washington D.C. Bell, M. C. (1986). Fisheries Handbook of Engineering Requirements and Biological Criteria. Portland: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Bennett, D. H. 1976. Effects of pumped storage project operations on the spawning success of centrarchid fish in Leesville Lake, Virginia. Doctoral dissertation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Bennett, D. H., P. M. Bratovich, W. Knox, D. Palmer, and H. Hansel. 1983. Status of the warmwater fishery and the potential of improving warmwater fish habitat in the lower Snake reservoirs. Completion Report No. DACW68-79-C-0057. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., J. A. Chandler, and L. K. Dunsmoor. 1991. Smallmouth bass in the Pacific Northwest: benefit or liability. First International Smallmouth Bass Symposium:126-135. Bennett, D. H., T. J. Dresser, T. S. Curet, K. B. Lepla, and M. A. Madsen. 1993. Lower Granite Reservoir in-water disposal test: Results of the fishery, benthic and habitat monitoring program Year-3 (1990). U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., T. J. Dresser, Jr., and M. A. Madsen. 1994. Evaluation of the 1992 drawdown in Lower Granite and Little Goose reservoirs. Completion Report. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., and T. J. Dresser Jr., and M. A. Madsen. 1998. Habitat use, abundance, timing, and factors related to the abundance of subyearling chinook salmon rearing along the shorelines of Lower Snake River reservoirs. Completion Report. Projects 14-16-0009-1559, 14-16-0009-1579, 98210-3-4037. US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., L. K. Dunsmoor, and J. A. Chandler. 1988. Fish and benthic community abundance at proposed in-water disposal sites, Lower Granite Reservoir. Completion Report. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., L. K. Dunsmoor, and J. A. Chandler. 1990. Lower Granite Reservoir in-water disposal test: Results of the fishery, benthic and habitat monitoring program-Year 1 (1988). Completion Report. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., M. H. Karr, and M. A. Madsen. 1994. Thermal and velocity characteristics in the Lower Snake River reservoir, Washington, as a result of regulated upstream water releases. Completion Report (Draft). U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., M. A. Madsen, S. M. Anglea, T. Cichosz, T. J. Dresser Jr., M. Davis, and S. R. Chipps. 1997. Fish interactions in Lower Granite Reservoir, Idaho-Washington. Projects 14-45-0009-1579 w/o 21 and 14-16-0009-1579 w/o 32 Completion Report (Draft). US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H. and G. P. Naughton. 1998. Predator abundance and salmonid prey consumption in Lower Granite Reservoir and tailrace. Draft Completion Report. US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D. H., and F. C. Shrier. 1986. Effects of sediment dredging and in-water disposal on fish in Lower Granite Reservoir, Idaho-Washington. Completion Report. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington. Bennett, D.H., L.K. Dunsmoor, and J.A. Chandler. 1988. Fish and benthic community abundance at proposed in-water disposal stations, Lower Granite Reservoir. Completion Report. 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