Contributors (in alphabetical order)
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Existing and Past EffortsReservoirsPrevious work has been referenced extensively throughout this summary. Bonneville Power Administration funded a Fall Chinook Radio Telemetry study in the Snake River in 1991-1993. This study determined distribution, timing, fallback, and loss of fall Chinook in the Snake River (see Mendel and Milks, 1997). COE juvenile migration study – 1999 COE LSRCP Mitigation Report 1975 Bennett’s warmwater fish or reservoir studies (U of I) – COE funded over many years Fall Chinook juvenile telemetry – NPT & USGS Fall Chinook passage and survival studies for juveniles – USGS & NPT Sturgeon studies – NPT, WDFW, ODFW Radio telemetry studies for steelhead and spring and fall Chinook and lamprey– UI/COE Many past radio telemetry studies – UI and WDFW and NMFS Fall Chinook spawning studies – USFWS, Battelle NW labs Juvenile fall Chinook production studies Predation studies – ODFW Dredging studies – COE and UI WDFW – fall chinook and steelhead annual reports for evaluation of the LSRCP in Washington TributariesAlpowa CreekNon-BPA-Funded Research, Monitoring and Evaluation ActivitiesAlpowa Creek Watershed CharacterizationThe Center for Environmental Education from WSU is currently involved in a characterization of the Alpowa Watershed. The CEE/WSU is also conducting a water quality monitoring program in the Alpowa along with the Pataha and Deadman Creeks. This information will be used in PCD’s continued effort to obtain funding for watershed restoration. Southeast Washington Fishery Enhancement StudyThe COE funded the Washington Department of Game to assess the enhancement potential for several streams in southeast Washington, including Deadman and Alpowa creeks (Mendel 1981, Mendel and Taylor 1981). Pataha and Alpowa Fish AssessmentThe WDFW and PCD collaborated on a brief assessment of fish distribution and abundance during the summer and fall of 1998 (Mendel 1999). Pataha and Alpowa Creek Water Quality Monitoring ProjectThe Pataha and Alpowa Creek Water Quality Monitoring project, a collaborative effort between PCD and WSU, was initiated in September 1998. The project aims to assess the success of agricultural management practices for Pataha Creek and Alpowa Creek. The monitoring effort's specific objectives include providing evidence of the effectiveness of PCD efforts to address key water quality parameters and providing baseline data for assessing the creeks' water quality status. Pataha and Alpowa Creek, both unclassified Washington State surface waters, are automatically classified as Class A streams. All sampling results were compared to Class A standards from the WDOE. The monitoring protocol focuses on the most critical water quality parameters: sediments, temperature and coliform. Project staff sampled and analyzed these target parameters every two weeks. Nutrient sampling has been discontinued. In addition to water sampling, stream discharge is measured at three stations monthly. Benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring began in spring 1999. Staff set up five monitoring stations on Pataha Creek starting below the confluence of Dry Hollow and Pataha Creek (Pataha 1), and extending upstream southeast of Columbia Center on Pataha Creek Road (Pataha 5). The Columbia Center station, located at the edge of the forest area where disturbances are minimal, will be used as a background site for evaluating water quality alteration along the lower reaches of the creek. Three monitoring stations were established on Alpowa Creek beginning near Wilson Banner Ranch along SR 12 (Alpowa 1), and extending upstream near Landkammer's (Alpowa 3). The original Alpowa Site 2 has been changed to a different location 1/2 mile south of Flerchinger's Driveway, by the first Alpowa Bridge off Highway 12. Alpowa Site 2 is now called Alpowa Site 2A. Staff monitored temperature, coliforms, and sediments twice each month at all eight sites (Pataha sites 1, 5, and Alpowa sites 1-3). Discharge was monitored once per month at three sites (Pataha sites 3, 5 and Alpowa site 1). Normally Pataha 1 is sampled twice a month for discharge levels to determine in greater detail the influence of Pataha Creek on the Tucannon River. Watershed Scale Study on No-Till Farming Systems for Reducing Sediment Delivery The first year of this project was focused on the development of a hydrologic and sediment transport model at a sub-watershed level, and the comparison of runoff, soil loss, and infiltration between conventional tillage wheat fields and wheat fields with no-tillage cropping system. The non-favorable weather situation and the conditions of the sub-watershed chosen for the hydrologic study impeded the collection of data required for modeling. Therefore, this objective will be delayed for the next year. Runoff, soil loss and infiltration comparison between conventional tillage and no-till areas was positively achieved for the first year of the project. In this sense, a forest site was also used for comparison. Activities for the first year of the project were very intensive. Adoption of techniques, installation, and the beginning of the measurements were the main tasks achieved. The development of these activities involved 25 trips to the areas of study, from October 1999 to April 2000. A summary of the main activities carried out is following. Hydrological and Sediment Transport ModelingA sub-watershed was selected in order to get data for the validation of a hydrologic and a sediment transport model. The sub-watershed land is owned by Mr. Gary Houser and involves approximately 183 hectares. Most of the sub-watershed is covered by wheat on fields with no-tillage as usual cropping practice. The sub-watershed drains to a main channel, which showed very small flow rates during the season and did not react at all when storms were happening. Discharge of water in the main channel, sediments being transported and precipitation intensity were the main variables needed for the hydrologic and sediment transport model. In order to achieve those measurements, installation of some devices was required. An ultrasonic flow sensor was installed into a culvert through which water discharge passed by. The sensor was calibrated to measure the depth of flow, so the volumes may be determined through a Manning equation. As the objective of the models is to predict how the sub-watershed behaves with precipitation input, the important measurements were those implying flows over the basal volumes of water and peak flows. Sensor determinations were stored in a data-logger. Those determinations are continuous from January 2000. The lack of rainfall storm events of the last season and the standing stubble no-till condition of most of the area derived in the fact that the sub-watershed did not react to the precipitation input. The water discharges of the main channel barely were higher than the amounts the sensor could effectively detect. It is expected to have better conditions for next year so data can be collected. However, some modifications focused to determine variations of low flows will be achieved. The low flows that happened last season and the conditions of the sub-watershed also determined very low transport of sediment in the main channel. Therefore, no data of sediment transport related to the hydrologic responses of the sub-watershed was collected. Precipitation intensity data has been continuously collected from January 2000. A recording rain gage was installed in a Mr. Rouser's field, in the same sub-watershed and next to the main channel in which the flow sensor was placed. Recording chart is changed every week. Runoff, Soil Loss and Infiltration ComparisonSeven fields around the city of Pomeroy were selected to the runoff, soil loss and infiltration comparison. Three of these fields were wheat seeded with conventional tillage practice. Three fields were wheat seeded with no-tillage practice and the remnant field was a forest. All the areas selected, with the exception of the forest site had slopes between six and eleven percent. The forest site had a slope of about fifteen percent. Fields were chosen in the way that comparison between conventional till and no-till systems could be done in areas with similar precipitation amounts. WDOEThe WDOE is currently working in the area to setup a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) baseline for many streams in the state. Deadman CreekThe projects outlined in detail in Table 46-Table 55 are taken from full yearly reports on all the projects implemented in the Deadman Creek Watershed. The practices were funded outside BPA (Table 56). These practices are the main focus of the overall conservation plan to reduce the majority of the sediment entering the stream and to correct any migration problems into the watershed. Table 46. Practices Implemented in Deadman Watershed in 1996 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001) Includes Deadman Creek, Meadow Creek, New York Gulch, Lynn Gulch, and small tributaries of Snake River
Table 47. Practices Implemented in Deadman Watershed in 1997 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001) Includes Deadman Creek, Meadow Creek, New York Gulch, Lynn Gulch, and small tributaries of the Snake River
Table 48. Practices Implemented in Deadman Watershed in 1998 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001) Includes Deadman Creek, Meadow Creek, New York Gulch, Lynn Gulch, and small tributaries of the Snake River
Table 49. Practices Implemented in Deadman Watershed in 1999 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001) Includes Deadman Creek, Meadow Creek, New York Gulch, Lynn Gulch, and small tributaries of the Snake River
Table 50. Practices Implemented in Deadman Watershed in 2000 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001) Includes Deadman Creek, Meadow Creek, New York Gulch, Lynn Gulch, and small tributaries of the Snake River
Table 51. Practices Implemented in Alpowa Watershed in 1996 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001)
Table 52. Practices Implemented in Alpowa Watershed in 1997 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001)
Table 53. Practices Implemented in Alpowa Watershed in 1998 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001)
Table 54. Practices Implemented in Alpowa Watershed in 1999 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001)
Table 55. Practices Implemented in Alpowa Watershed in 2000 (Pomeroy Conservation District Jan. 2001)
Table 56. Sources of Funding by Source and Year in Deadman Creek, Alpowa, Meadow Creek, New Work Gulch, and other small tributaries draining into the Snake River..
The upland projects completed over the last five years are practices that reduce erosion from the cropland. No-till and Direct Seed farming’s direct impact on soil erosion along with the economical aspects are being studied. Other practices such as terrace, waterway, sediment basin construction and the installation of strip systems is also taking place. The past five years have been very productive for the Deadman Creek Watershed. All the upland practices that were implemented have helped to reduce erosion from the cropland. This has resulted in a reduction of sedimentation into the Deadman Creek and Snake River. WildlifeWDFW
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