Contributors (in alphabetical order)
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Existing Goals, Objectives, and StrategiesFishPacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)GoalsProtect, enhance, and restore anadromous and resident fish populations in the subbasin to viable levels that ensures they are not vulnerable to extinction, and to provide ecological, cultural, and sociological benefits. Objective 1. Restore riverine ecosystem processes to key sections of the Lower Snake River. Strategy Implement a research program to test hypotheses of restoring riverine ecosystem processes under current and future hydrosystem operational scenarios. Objective 2. Increase the natural production of fall chinook salmon spawning in the Lower Snake River. Strategy Determine carrying capacity of the Lower Snake River for producing fall chinook salmon under current and future hydrosystem operational scenarios. Objective 3. Estimate the amount of Pacific lamprey spawning and rearing that occurs in the Lower Snake River, especially the tailraces of mainstem dams. Strategy Implement a research program designed to evaluate the importance of mainstem habitats on the spawning and rearing of Pacific lampreys. Objective 4. Restore abundance of white sturgeon populations throughout the Lower Snake River reservoirs. Strategy Estimate potential levels of natural production under present conditions, the amount of additional natural production that could be achieved with modifications to flow and other environmental conditions, and additional increases, which could be, sustained with propagation and transportation measures. Pomeroy Conservation DistrictGoalThe overall goal is to provide for healthy, sustainable populations of fish and wildlife that will provide ecological, economic, cultural, recreational, and aesthetic benefits to Alpowa Creek, Deadman Creek, and other minor tributaries of the Lower Snake River. Objective 1. Reduce sediment delivery. Strategy 1. To reduce sedimentation of the stream channel, soil conservation measures hould be integrated into upland cultivation practices. The implementation of long term no-till seeding programs coupled with the use of annual cropping and alternate crops will reduce sediments in area streams. The 1981 survey of Alpowa Creek (Soil Conservation Service 1981) recommended the use of terraces or storage structures such as dams to retain and settle out sediments prior to upland water transporting to the stream. This practice is recommended in conjunction with those implementing crop residue management practices in areas of high erodibility. Strategy 2. Improve riparian habitat through the re-establishment of a healthy riparian vegetative community. This would help stabilize streambanks presently eroding or prone to future erosion. Objective 2. Maintain cool water temperatures Strategy 1. To maintain cool water temperatures through the critical summer season, riparian vegetative cover must be restored adequately to provide sufficient shading of the stream channel. This is only possible by excluding cattle grazing in many riparian areas to encourage re-growth of woody riparian species and by actively planting native shrub and tree species in these livestock excluded riparian areas. Re-establishment of a healthy riparian vegetative community would also help stabilize streambanks presently eroding or prone to future erosion. In addition to the instream cover provided to fish by roots and branches, mature woody riparian vegetation is also a source of LWD, which helps form pools and habitat complexity. Strategy 2. Embedded substrate is another limitation to both spawning and juvenile rearing habitat for salmonids in Alpowa Creek. Riparian vegetation not only provides stabilization to streambanks, but also functions as a filter or interceptor of sediments draining from upland areas. Given the present degraded condition of riparian vegetation that formerly provided some shade to Alpowa Creek and diminished streamflow during the summer months, it is likely that natural springs originating in the upper watershed are responsible for the remaining salmonid use of the stream. These springs provide cool water during the warmest months and the lowest stream discharge. Without this spring influence in Alpowa, perhaps no salmonids would find the stream supportive. Objective 3. Reduce sediment delivery into Deadman Creek and its tributaries Strategy 1. To reduce sedimentation of the stream channel, soil conservation measures should be integrated into upland cultivation practices. The implementation of long term no-till seeding programs coupled with the use of annual cropping and alternate crops will reduce sediments into Deadman Creek. It has been recommended the use of more terraces or storage structures such as dams to retain and settle out sediments prior to upland water transporting to the stream. This practice is recommended in conjunction with those implementing crop residue management practices in areas of high erodibility. Strategy 2. Improve riparian habitat through the re-establishment of a healthy riparian vegetative community. This would help stabilize streambanks presently eroding or prone to future erosion. Objective 4. Maintain cool water temperatures Strategy 1. To maintain cool water temperatures through the critical summer season, riparian vegetative cover must be restored adequately to provide sufficient shading of the stream channel. This is only possible by excluding cattle grazing in many riparian areas to encourage re-growth of woody riparian species, and by actively planting native shrub and tree species in these livestock excluded riparian areas. Re-establishment of a healthy riparian vegetative community would also help stabilize streambanks presently eroding or prone to future erosion. In addition to the instream cover provided to fish by roots and branches, mature woody riparian vegetation is also a source of LWD, which helps form pools and habitat complexity. Strategy 2. Embedded substrate is another limitation to both spawning and juvenile rearing habitat for salmonids in Alpowa Creek. Riparian vegetation not only provides stabilization to streambanks, but also functions as a filter or interceptor of sediments draining from upland areas. Given the present degraded condition of riparian vegetation that formerly provided some shade to Deadman Creek and diminished streamflow during the summer months, it is likely that natural springs originating in the upper watershed are responsible for the remaining salmonid use of the stream. These springs provide cool water during the warmest months and the lowest stream discharge. Without this spring influence in the Deadman Watershed, perhaps no salmonids would find the stream supportive. WDFWGoals for the lower Snake River (not in order of priority)
Objectives (not in order of priority)
Strategies
Action 1.1. Evaluate or refine methods to establish recovery goals, escapement goals and desired future conditions or other goals. Refine methods for determining carrying capacities for salmonids in streams within the basin to establish biologically sound restoration and target goals. Action 1.2. Establish wild/natural fish goals for recovery, escapement, desired future condition, and harvest implementation plans. Action 1.3. Provide protection for federal and state threatened and sensitive fish species in resource management plans. Action 1.4. Enforce federal, state, tribal and local land use regulations to protect fish habitats. Action 1.5. Increase enforcement of laws and fishing regulations pertaining to illegal take of fish (all life stages).
Action 2.1. Reduce stream temperatures by restoring or enhancing riparian vegetation, floodplain function and increasing hypothetic and instream flows. Action 2.2. Increase water quality monitoring and enforcement of existing regulations to maintain or enhance water quality. Use the Clean Water Act, Section 401, and the Washington Fish and Forests regulations to protect and restore water quality and fish habitat. Action 2.3. Complete the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process and implement measures to remove streams from 303d listings under the Clean Water Act and improve water quality. Action 2.4. Support timely updates and resource inventories related to local land use plans to prevent further development and degradation of floodplains, wetlands, riparian buffers and other sensitive areas. Action 2.5. Properly maintain, relocate or eliminate forest, public and private roads in riparian or other sensitive areas. Action 2.6. Implement the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), Continuous Conservation Reserve Program (CCRP), Wetland Reserve Program and other pertinent federal, state, tribal and local programs along riparian and other sensitive areas. Action 2.7. Monitor and evaluate efforts to improve water quality and use the data to assist in management decisions. Action 2.8. Use existing programs to reduce sediment delivery to stream channels from roads, agriculture, logging, and other land use activities.
Action 3.1. Enforce federal, state, tribal and local land use regulations to protect fish habitats. Action 3.2. In the short term, plant native vegetation, construct pools and place woody debris in streams to increase channel complexity, and provide pools and cover for fish. Action 3.3. Over the long term, modify land use to improve stream sinuosity, channel stability, width/depth ratio, pool frequency, size and quality, and large woody debris recruitment in the stream to provide benefits to fish habitat quantity and quality. Action 3.4. Reduce sediment deposition in area streams by reducing erosion and sediment delivery to waterways. Action 3.5. Improve watershed conditions to reduce high water events and reduce instream substrate scour, deposition or movement. Acton 3.6. Improve floodplain function to improve stream channel stability, hypothetic flows and instream habitat diversity. Action 3.7. Improve or eliminate stream fords and other substrate disturbances. Action 3.8. Monitor and evaluate the quantity and quality of fish habitat in the basin to provide baseline information and to assess the success of management strategies. Action 3.9. Monitor and evaluate efforts to protect, enhance and restore instream and riparian habitats and utilize the data to assist in management decisions. Action 3.10. Identify, prioritize and protect critical habitat to improve production and survival of indigenous fish.
Action 4.1. Evaluate the location and timing of dewatered or flow limited stream reaches and prioritize them for instream water flow restoration, and enhancement activities. Action 4.2 Refine and/or determine flows needed for salmonid migration and rearing. Action 4.3. Increase stream flows by improving the efficiency of irrigation systems and conversion of conserved water to instream flows. Action 4.4. Increase stream flows by lease and/or purchase of water rights. Action 4.5. Increase monitoring of water use and instream flows. Use collaborative efforts or enforcement of existing regulations and water rights to increase available instream water. Action 4.6. Modify state water laws to allow water users to transfer water for instream use and to provide adequate protection downstream. Action 4.7. Evaluate efforts to protect, enhance and restore instream flows
Action 5.1. Identify and evaluate passage or screening needs within the basin and prioritize implementation of restoration. Action 5.2. Modify or remove culverts, bridges, grade controls and water diversion structures as necessary to improve passage. Action 5.3. Implement screening of all diversions (pump and gravity) to meet State and NMFS criteria. Achieve compliance with state screening and passage laws. Action 5.4. Operate and maintain all fish passage facilities to ensure proper function and efficient passage of fish. Action 5.5. Monitor river conditions and operation of passage facilities to ensure adequate fish passage.
Action 6.1. Evaluate the need for further hatchery supplementation or augmentation for bull trout, steelhead, spring chinook, resident trout, etc. Complete the artificial production Master Plan or HGMP for the subbasin before increasing hatchery production. Implement artificial production plans (Master Plan or HGMP). Action 6.2. Continue existing LSRCP hatchery production and releases for fall chinook and steelhead to restore endemic populations and provide harvest opportunities. Action 6.3. Modify LSRCP production programs as needed to minimize their potential effects on wild salmonid populations and to address ESA concerns. Action 6.4. Operate traps to reduce stray hatchery fish spawning, to enumerate and sample returning fish, and to collect fall chinook for holding and spawning at existing hatchery facilities. Action 6.5. Continue hatchery production and releases of rainbow trout in area ponds and lakes to provide harvest and recreational fishing opportunities.
Action 7.1. Monitor hatchery facility discharges to ensure they are within NPDES permit requirements. Action 7.2. Use IHOT genetics guidelines for broodstock selection, mating and rearing. Action 7.3. Monitor the health and disease status of hatchery fish.
Action 8.1. Continue to monitor and evaluate the performance of the LSRCP spring chinook supplementation program. Action 8.2. Continue to monitor and evaluate the LSRCP captive brood program for spring chinook salmon. Action 8.3. Continue to monitor and evaluate the performance of the LSRCP steelhead program. Action 8.4. Continue to monitor and evaluate the recreational and tribal fisheries in the basin and the contribution by hatchery programs. Action 8.5. Conduct baseline genetic monitoring and evaluation of hatchery populations in the subbasin.
Action 9.1. Maintain the congressionally mandated Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) harvest mitigation for steelhead, fall chinook salmon and resident trout in the subbasin. Action 9.2. Continue hatchery production and releases of Lyons Ferry Hatchery steelhead to provide harvest and recreational fishing opportunities and meet mitigation goals. Action 9.3. Modify LSRCP production programs as needed to minimize their potential effects on wild salmonid populations. Continue to manage steelhead sport fisheries to maximize recreational opportunity within the basin through consumptive and non-consumptive fisheries, while protecting wild populations through regulations and sanctuary area closures. Action 9.4. Continue hatchery production and releases of rainbow trout in area ponds and lakes to provide harvest and recreational fishing opportunities to provide mitigation for lost fishing opportunities. Action 9.5. Continue efforts to develop and phase into use of a local steelhead stock in the subbasin and Tucannon River that will allow harvest augmentation (mitigation) and supplementation, as well as minimize adverse effects on indigenous steelhead, chinook, bull trout and other resident fish. Action 9.6. Monitor the hatchery program to ensure it is successful and that it has minimal effects on indigenous species. Action 9.7. Monitor and assess the effects of fishing seasons on the survival of indigenous species.
Action 10.1. Assess distribution, abundance and biological characteristics of non-indigenous fish within the basin. Action 10.2. Evaluate non-indigenous fisheries. Action 10.3. Develop a fishery management plan for non-indigenous fish. Action 10.4. Monitor the fishery and adjust the plan, regulations, etc. as necessary.
Action 11.1. Conduct redd and carcass surveys in tributaries to monitor adult populations and to determine adult salmonid spawning escapements. Action 11.2. Evaluate the need for additional trapping or counting facilities. Action 11.3. Evaluate the need for monitoring juvenile anadromous fish production, migration timing and survival by operating a smolt trap in tributaries in the subbasin. Action 11.4. Conduct biological surveys to monitor and evaluate juvenile anadromous and resident fish distribution, abundance, condition, habitat use, life history, etc.. Action 11.5. Continue baseline genetic and biological monitoring and evaluation of indigenous salmonid populations in the subbasin. Action 11.7. Use radio telemetry to examine bull trout migration into, and within the Snake River, migration timing, passage efficiency at potential barriers, over-winter and other habitat use, and life history of bull trout.
Action 12.1. Support efforts to improve passage and survival of migrant fish within the subbasin and in the Columbia River. Action 12.2. Support research within the Columbia River basin to fully understand the role of native and introduced predators on indigenous fish. Action 12.3. Conduct monitoring of migratory fish to determine survival rates, timing and distribution within the subbasin and in the Columbia River. WildlifeWDFWOverall GoalTo protect, enhance, restore, maintain and/or increase PHS wildlife populations to viable or management objective levels for ecological, social, recreational, subsistence, and aesthetic purposes within the subbasin. GoalsGoal 1. Establish a nesting population of peregrine falcons within the Lower Snake River corridor. Objective Establish four nesting pairs over a five-year period. Strategy 1. Survey the Lower Snake River corridor to determine if nesting peregrines exist. Strategy 2. Hack two or more sites over three years to establish nesting peregrines. Strategy 3. Survey the corridor annually for five years to document peregrines. Goal 2. Increase the number of nesting pairs within the Lower Snake River corridor. Objective Establish 10 nesting pairs within the Lower Snake River corridor over five years. Strategy 1. Survey Lower Snake River corridor to document the number of nesting pairs. Strategy 2. Establish nesting structures for osprey along the Lower Snake River. Strategy 3. Monitor nesting structure use over a five-year period after installation. Goal 3. Re-establish a viable sharp-tail grouse population within the subbasin. Objective Establish six viable leks within the subbasin over five years Strategy 1. Site evaluations for re-introductions, evaluation time six months Strategy 2. Re-introduce sharptail grouse. Strategy 3. Improve habitat quality of CRP lands to make suitable for sharptails, establish abundant legumes within CRP Strategy 4. Use artificial leks to establish breeding sites Goal 4. Increase the ground squirrel population. Objective Establish six viable colonies; 15+ squirrels/colony over five years Strategy 1. Inventory existing populations, inventory time six months Strategy 2. Inventory suitable ground squirrel habitat, inventory time six months Strategy 3. Easements for habitat Strategy 4. Trap and transplant Washington ground squirrels into historical or existing habitat. WDFW (1996)Goal 5. Maintain a population of ferruginous hawks throughout much of the species’ range in Washington. Objective 1. Reach a population of at least 60 breeding pairs statewide averaged over 5 years. Objective 2. Distribution of breeding pairs equal to or greater than 40 in the Central and ten in the North Recovery Zone. Goal 6. To manage the elk herd for maximum recreational opportunity and sustained yield and reduce conflicts between agriculture and elk Strategy 1. Manage all elk units for post-hunting season bull ratios consistent with the statewide plan (currently 15 bulls per 100 cows) in combination with overall bull mortality rates number 50 percent. Strategy 2. Reduce damage complaints resulting from elk. Strategy 3. Ensure a healthy elk population that is relatively disease free. Strategy 4. Increase public awareness of the elk resource and promote non-consumptive values of elk. Strategy 5. Enhance elk habitat on other state, federal and private land NPTOverall goalTo protect, enhance, restore and maintain all wildlife species and their associated habitats. Maintain maximum species and habitat diversity in a healthy and environmentally balanced way. Support the establishment of native habitats and wildlife species back into their historic range. Goal 1. Secure long term operation and maintenance funding support for the Precious Land to ensure the Nez Perce Tribe will be able to sustain the flow of wildlife mitigation benefits from the property as is called for in the current contract between BPA and the Nez Perce Tribe. Hopefully through the use of a trust fund, managed much like an endowment fund whose balance will grow over time to provide additional revenue ion the future. Goals 2. Coordinate and cooperate on wildlife projects on Federal lands within the NPT Ceded area within the Lower Snake sub-basin. Goal 3. Coordinate and cooperate where possible, with wildlife management agencies to protect the wildlife resources available to the NPT and protect access to such resources. Goal 4. Re-establish native habitats and their native fauna wherever possible paying close attention to culturally relevant subsistence plants in the mix. Goal 5. Established a native seed bank of trees, shrubs, grasses, forbs to be used to establish native range with emphasis on cultural plant species. USFWSGoal 1. Manage the Lower Snake River to minimize the impact of the four lower Snake River dams and reservoirs on juvenile anadromous salmonids survival to the sea. Objective 1. Increase survival of anadromous salmonid smolts migrating seaward in the Lower Snake River by 2005. Strategy 1. Identify the flows and water temperatures that are required to maximize survival of anadromous salmonid smolts migrating seaward in the Lower Snake River. Objective 2. Increase the effectiveness of smolt bypass and transportation efforts presently employed at the lower Snake River dams by 2005. Strategy 1. Determine the importance of the Lower Snake River as overwintering habitat for juvenile anadromous salmonids. Strategy 2. Determine if juvenile anadromous salmonid smolts pass the lower Snake River dams during the winter when fish bypass systems are shut down. Strategy 3. Determine smolt-to-adult return rates for wild fall chinook salmon smolts that are trucked to the Columbia River estuary. Goal 2. Ensure long term persistence of self-sustaining, complex interacting groups of bull trout in the Lower Snake River sub basin. Objective 1. Determine temporal and spatial distribution of adult migratory bull trout in the Lower Snake River Reservoirs by 2005. Strategy 1. Monitor movements of radio tagged bull trout in the Lower Snake River during their winter rearing period. Strategy 2. Plot movements of individual bull trout to determine timing and frequency of fall back through the dams. Objective 2. Determine bull trout use and passage efficiency in fishways at Lower Snake River dams by 2005. Strategy 1. Operate fixed radio-telemetry stations at Lower Snake River dam fishways to monitor the use of the fishways by bull trout. Strategy 2. Calculate passage rates of bull trout that utilize fishways, and compare them to those rates observed from anadromous salmonids at Snake River dams. Objective 3. Determine the extent of bull trout losses (take) resulting from the Snake River dams. Strategy Evaluate movement plots of individual radio-tagged fish to determine if those individuals that leave Lower Monumental Pool return to the Tucannon River the following spring. |