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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
______________
REGIONAL ASSOCIATION VI

(EUROPE)
WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF WWW IN REGION VI
FIFTH SESSION
EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM, 4-8 OCTOBER 2004

RAVI/WG/PIW/Doc. 5(2)
(20.IX.2004)

_________

ITEM: 5
ENGLISH ONLY

STATUS OF THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (GOS) IN REGION VI
(Submitted by the Secretariat)

Summary and Purpose of the Document
The document contains information on the status of operation/implementation of the Global Observing System (GOS) in Region VI.

ACTION PROPOSED

The meeting is invited to consider the status of the operation of the Global Observing System in Region VI together with the report of the coordinator of the Subgroup on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems. It is invited to develop appropriate recommendations to enhance the relevant observing systems to meet regional and global requirements.

APPENDICES: I. List of Stations comprising the RBSN in Region VI

List of Stations comprising the RBCN in Region VI

______________

DISCUSSION

SURFACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM OF THE GOS

Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN)
1. Since the last session of RA VI/WG/PIW (2003), the number of RBSN surface stations has basically remained unchanged with the addition of only one new station increasing the total number of stations from 769 to 770. The number of RBSN upper-air stations too remained almost unchanged with the closure of a single station reducing the total number of stations from 136 to 135. The current approved RBSN list (July 2004) as adjusted by the WMO Secretariat in accordance with the station change information provided by RA VI members is comprised of 918 stations in total including 11 moored buoys and 2 fixed ships (see Appendix I). This session may wish to consider proposing the updated RBSN list for consideration at the fourteenth session of RA VI, which is scheduled to be held around the last quarter of 2005.
2. The status of implementation of RBSN surface and upper-air stations as at 1 July 2004, according to information provided by Members are presented in Tables I and II.

TABLE I

Status of implementation of surface synoptic stations in the RBSNs (Global and Region VI) as of 1 July 2004 compared to those in 2002. The numbers of stations expected to report every three hours, every six hours and, less frequently, as committed to by Members in Weather Reporting (WMO-NO. 9, Volume A)

WMO Region	Required in the Regional Basic Synoptic Network RBSN		Making the complete observing programme, at least 8 observations per day (0000, 0300, 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 UTC)			Making observations at the main hours (0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC			Making some observation daily			Stations not yet established or otherwise non-operational
	Number		Number		%	Number		%	Number		%	Number		%
	2002	2004	2002	2004	2004	2002	2004	2004	2002	2004	2004	2002	2004	2004
Region VI	769	770	732	735	95%	10	9	1%	20	20	3%	7	6	1%
GLOBAL	4004	4032	3186	2836	70%	197	473	12%	546	584	14%	75	139	3%

TABLE II

Status of Implementation of Upper-Air stations in the RBSNs (Global and Region VI) for July 2004 compared to 2002

WMO Region	Requested in the RBSN				Making observations at 0000 and 1200 UTC						Making one observation per day						Stations not yet established or otherwise non-operational
	Number				Number				%		Number				%		Number				%
	2002		2004		2002		2004		2004		2002		2004		2004		2002		2004		2004
	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R	W	R
Region VI	136	136	135	135	123	122	124	123	92%	91%	9	10	9	10	7%	8%	4	4	2	2	1%	1%
GLOBAL	901	820	892	811	625	588	622	581	70%	72%	184	189	181	176	20%	22%	92	53	89	54	10%	6%

Note: All radiosonde (R) stations are also included in the radiowind (W) station numbers - they are not independent. RA VI does not have any upper-air stations that make only wind observations. Globally the number of upper-air stations that make only wind observations amounts to 81 stations.

According to the results of the monitoring of the operation of the WWW, the percentage of SYNOP reports actually received at MTN centres during the period 2000 – 2004 oscillated around 93% with variations up to 2 per cent. The percentage of TEMP reports received during this period in comparison with expected reports from RBSN stations has shown a positive trend starting from 70% in 2000 and reaching 76% in 2004. The major reason in the improved availability of observational data is attributed to the prompt coordinated action taken by the Members concerned, the Secretariat and donor countries.

The existing gaps in the observational data coverage continued to be mainly due to deficiencies in the operations of both observing and telecommunication networks, high cost and lack of consumables and spare parts especially in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition. Further information on some problems in observing programmes is presented in Doc. 6.1.

Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN)

New RBCNs have been established for each Region. This network includes the GCOS Surface Network (GSN) and the GCOS Upper- Air Network (GUAN) stations, supplemented by other CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations needed to meet national and regional requirements. These RBCN stations now serve as the target list for WWW monitoring. Based on the approved list of RBCN stations (as of July 2004), all regions, including the Antarctic, comprised a total of 3107 stations, constituting the regional breakdown as presented in Table III. The contribution of RA VI to the global RBCN constitutes 20% and 17% in providing CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports respectively.

TABLE III

Status of Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN)

(as of July 2004)

RBCN	Region I	Region II	Region III	Region IV	Region V	Region VI	Antarctic	GLOBAL
CLIMAT	637	593	325	298	192	526	29	2600
CLIMAT TEMP	28	194	49	58	77	88	13	507
TOTAL	665	787	374	356	269	614	42	3107

The number of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports available during the last decade was far from satisfactory. According to the results of the monitoring of the operation of the WWW, the percentage of CLIMAT reports actually received at MTN centres during the October 2003 AGM was 84% and the percentage of CLIMAT TEMP reports received was 77%. The establishment of the new RBCNs, which are now included in the WWW monitoring, is expected to increase the availability of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports, both overall and for GSN and GUAN requirements.

7. Since the last session of RA VI/WG/PIW (2003) the total number of stations in the RBCN of RA VI increased from 611 to 614 with the addition of 6 CLIMAT reporting stations and the closure of 3 CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations. The current approved list of RBCN stations (July 2004) as adjusted by the WMO Secretariat in accordance with the station change information provided by RA VI members is given in Appendix II. Similar to the RBSN list, this session may wish to consider proposing the updated RBCN list for consideration at the fourteenth session of RA VI.

8. In order to increase the availability of climatological data, further efforts by Members should be made to ensure that their operational observing stations compiled and transmitted the CLIMAT/CLIMAT TEMP messages according to existing regulations. The Secretariat initiated the preparation of special guidance material related to the operational procedures and practices to be used in the field by observers and technicians in compiling and transmitting CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP messages over the GTS. This document (about 100 pages with illustrations, tables and graphics) which explains step by step the whole procedure of compiling and transmitting CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports is produced in four languages and is being distributed to users on CD-ROM; via the WMO Web site and also as a printed copy. For better implementation of the above guidance material in practice, it is also foreseen to organize in cooperation with GCOS, a training workshop in the region.
9. The effort to enhance cooperation between CBS and GCOS and in particular, improvement of climate data availability, was the establishment of National Focal Points for GCOS and related climatological data monitoring issues. These experts are now in direct contact with the appropriate CBS Lead centre to facilitate the actions needed to improve network performance.

Other networks, including sea stations

10. Operational implementation of in-situ marine and oceanographic observing systems under JCOMM is placed under the umbrella of its Observations Programme Area (OPA), and particularly coordinated by the Observations Coordination Group (OCG), which has developed a phased-in implementation plan. In Europe, EUCOS is debating how its optional Surface Marine Programme (E-SURFMAR) might develop an in-situ marine observational network.

11. The total number of Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) recruited by 24 Members of the Association was 2312, 2103, 2155, and 2163, as of the end of 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. An increasing trend in the total number of SHIP reports available on the GTS has been observed, due in part to an increased number of automated shipboard systems producing hourly reports.
12. In 2004, the North Atlantic drifting buoy network was still under the auspices of EGOS, which will be merged within E-SURFMAR in early 2005. In July 2004, a total of 54 drifting buoys from 5 countries were operated by EGOS by transmitting at least air pressure data. In addition, of course, a substantial number of drifting buoys deployed by operators from countries in other regions were also reporting from waters within the region. At the same time, agencies in three countries in Region VI were operating, at least 27 moored buoys in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea in July 2004. Other marine stations are reporting from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.
13. Implementation of the Argo project of sub-surface profiling floats is now well underway. In September 2004, about 1361 floats were operational globally, including 283 by seven Members of the Association and through two projects funded by the European Union. Reports from the great majority of all these different automated sea stations are exchanged in real time on the GTS.
14. Fully automated systems within the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP) are considered as a fully operational component of the WWW, with 18 units being operated on ships globally in 2003. Of these, 13 units are operated by 7 Members of the Association, by EUMETNET and under Worldwide Recurring ASAP Project, with about 4500 TEMPSHIP reports annually distributed on the GTS.
15. The EUMETNET Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (E-AMDAR) programme of automated reporting of observations from aircraft became fully operational on 1 January 2003 and continues to develop through the addition of more aircraft and refining of the optimisation system to improve coverage to meet operational requirements. The current EUCOS requirement for AMDAR coverage is 3-hourly profiles (and associated level flight data), from airports spaced every 250km. The number of participating airlines has remained static for the past 3 years but a new airline from Finland will soon join the operational programme bringing the total to 6. The reporting fleet consists of approximately 500 aircraft of which an average of 280 report daily. The average number of observations remains at 27,000 per day but during a high frequency trial in August/ September 2003, the number increased to 36,000 per day. These data make up 800 daily vertical profiles of temperature and wind together with enroute observations between airports. About 40 airports meet the 3-hourly target while an additional 30 airports receive 6-hourly profiles. E-AMDAR contributes 8% of its data outside of the EUCOS area of interest in support of the WMO World Weather Watch programme. In collaboration with the WMO AMDAR Panel, assistance is being given to a group of countries in Eastern and Central Europe interested in developing a local programme that may develop into a formal extension of the E-AMDAR programme.
SPACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM OF THE GOS AVAILABLE IN RA VI
16. The space-based component of the GOS is now comprised of three types of satellites: operational meteorological polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites and environmental R&D satellites.
17. With regard to meteorological satellites, both polar-orbiting and geostationary, the present operational meteorological satellites include the following geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites: GOES 9, GOES 10, GOES-12, NOAA-16 and NOAA-17 operated by the United States; GMS 5 operated by Japan; METEOR-3M N1 operated by the Russian Federation; Meteosat 5, Meteosat-7 and Meteosat-8 (former MSG-1) operated by EUMETSAT; FY-2B and FY-1D operated by China. Additional satellites in orbit or in commissioning included GOES-8, GOES-11, NOAA-11, NOAA-12, NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 operated by the United States, GOMS N 1 operated by the Russian Federation, Meteosat-6 operated by EUMETSAT, FY-2A and FY-1C operated by China.
18. With regard to R&D satellites, these include NASA’s Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuikSCAT and GPM missions, ESA’s ENVISAT, ERS-1 and ERS-2 missions, JAXA’s ADEOS and GCOM series, Rosaviakosmos’s research instruments on board ROSHYDROMET’s operational METEOR 3M N1 satellite, as well as on its future Ocean series and CNES’s JASON-1 and SPOT-5.
Details for the status of space segment available in RA VI are given below.

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