Volume 9 Number 2 August 1995
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AcknowledgementsThis survey was conducted in conjunction with a countrywide survey of schistosomiasis which was financially supported by WHO, TOR and RPO of Addis Ababa University. We also appreciate the assistance provided by the technical staff of the Institute of Pathobiology . Reference 1. Koudela B, Nohynkova E, Vitovec J, Pakandl M, Kulda J. Giardia infection in pigs: detection and in vitro isolaition of trophozoites of the Giardia intestinalis group. Parasitology 1991;102:163-6. 2. Stevens OP. Giardiasis: Host-pathogen biology. Rev Infect Ois 1982;4(4):851-8. 3. WHO Technical Report Series. Intestinal Protozoan and Helminthic Infections: Report of a WHO Scientific Groups; 1981. No.666. 4. WHO Expert Committee. Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections. Bull Wld Hlth Org 1987; 65(5):575-88. 5. Warren KS, Mahmoud AAF. Tropical and Geographical Medicine. New York, McGraw- hill Book Company, 1984. 6. Manson -Bahr PEC, Bell DR. Manson's Tropical Diseases, 19th ed., Bailliere Tindal, London, 1987. 7. McConnell E, Arrnstrong IC. Intestinal parasitism in fifty communities on the central plateau of Ethiopia. Eth Med I 1976;14:159-68. 8. Kloos H, Lemma A, Kirub B, Gebre A, MazengiaB, Feleke G. Intestinal parasitism in migrant farm labourer populations in irrigation schemes in the Awash valley, Ethiopia, and in major labour source areas. Eth Med I 1980; 18:53-62. 9. Taticheff S, Abdulahi Y, Haile-Meskel F . Intestinal parasitic infection in pre-school children in Addis Ababa. Eth Med I 1981;19:35-40; 10. Ritchie LS. An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examinations. Bull US Army Med Dept 1948;8:326-9. 11. Ormiston G, Taylor I, Wilson GS. Enteritis in a nursery home associated with Giardia lamblia. Br Med I 1942;2:151-4. 12. Danciger M, Lopez M. Numbers of Giardia in the faeces of infected children. Am I Trop Med Hyg 1975;24:237-42. 13. Solomons NW. Giardiasis: Nutritional implications. Rev Infect Dis 1982;4(4):859- 69. Original articleFeatures of onchocerciasis in two rural villages of south-western Ethiopia Asefa Aga1, Frew Lernma1 and J .A.G. Whitworth Abstract:A clinical and parasitological survey of onchocerciasis in two rural villages, South-Western Ethiopia was carried out in March, 1992 using a convenience sampling method. Out of approximately 5000 villagers, 620 persons participated in the study of whom 202 qualified for examination for onchocerca microfilaria. The overall prevalence rate of onchocerciasis based on skin snip examination was 54.5%, (60% Gojeb, 50% Kishe). Twenty four percent had acute skin lesions, while 44.4% had chronic skin lesions of whom 14.4% had nodules. Out of 34 cases of visual impairment, six cases of ocular oncho were identified (four choroidoretinitis, one chronic iritis/cataract and one punctate keratitis). The community microfilarial load was 17.2 and 17.1 mf/mg skin snip for the two villages. The number of microfiliae per mg skin snip ranged between 0 and 382. Itching was reported in 80% of villagers. The epidemiological and clinical features of onchocerciasis along with possible control methods are discussed. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1 995; 9( 1) : 81-86] IntroductionThe occurrence of human onchocerciasis in Ketfa and Illubabor regions, South-Western Ethiopia has been reported by Italian workers since 1939 (1, 2, 3, 4). Endemic foci were all reported from Northern Gondar , Northern O'mo and Tigray regions (2, 5, 6). Nearly one and half million cases of onchocerciasis are estimated to exist in Ethiopia in an area of about 300,875 square kilometers. The population at risk of infection is estimated to be 7.3 million (5). Onchocercias affects populations inhabiting the fertile area of the country and discourages , development schemes due to decrease in labour force and decline in individual productivity which result in the increase of dependency and poverty (5, 7, 8). The resettlement scheme of the past decade and the large coffee plantation scheme, particularly in southwestern Ethiopia in the same area have resulted in exposing new communities to onchocercal infection (5). The present study attempts to describe the clinical features of onchocercal infection in two villages in south-Western Ethiopia. Both villages lie along Gojeb and Kishe rivers already known to be the breeding areas of Simulium damonsum (9). MethodsThe source populations are the dwellers of Gojeb and Kishe villages with a total size of approximately 5000. All persons with complaints of itching, skin lesions, ________________________ 1From Jimma Institute of Health Sciences P.O.Box 378, Jimma. Table 1: Demographic characteristics of subjects examined in Gojeb and Kishe villages, March, 1992
elephantiasis, hernia and visual impairment were identified and appointed for interview and clinical examination. The call was made through the community leaders using a megaphone (convenience sampling method). This method of sampling was selected because it gives a better chance of attendance of subjects with dermatological problems. High school graduated interviewers were selected from the nearest town and trained for one day on the techniques of interviewing and terms used in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that selection for onchocercal examination was possible from the respondents' answers.
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