Turkey Green Growth Policy Paper: Towards a Greener Economy
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Turkey Green Growth Policy Paper: Towards a Greener Economy 
The World Bank E 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A. Telephone: 202-473-1000. Internet: www.worldbank.org. E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org
______________________________ T RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms iii Acknowledgements iv Executive Summary v 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Context and Background 13 1.2 Approach 14 1.3 Report Outline 15 2. Turkey’s Green Growth Challenges and Opportunities 17 2.1 Turkey’s economy and its recent performance 17 2.2 Opportunities for greening provided by Turkey’s growth path 18 Gross Domestic Product is an imperfect metric in reflecting living standards as they depend not only on the production level, but are closely related to the accumulation of wealth, which can be depreciated or depleted over time. Accumulated wealth can be decomposed into produced, natural and intangible capital. 22 3. Towards a Working Definition of Green Growth in Turkey 28 4. Strategic Sectors: Overview and Greening Potential 30 4.1 Overview 30 4.2 Automotive 31 4.3 Iron and Steel 33 4.4 Cement 34 4.5 Machinery Industry 35 4.6 White Goods 36 4.7 Agriculture 39 5. Green Growth Policies: Overview and Implications for Turkey 45 5.1 Green Policies in Turkey 45 5.2 A common agenda for green policies 45 5.3 A policy menu 46 5.4 Regulatory instruments 47 5.5 Market-based instruments (MBIs) 47 5.6 Information-based instruments 49 5.7 Matching policies with key constraints 50 5.8 Policies for key strategic sectors 51 6. Economy-wide Impacts of Greening Scenarios: A Pilot General Equilibrium Analysis 55 6.1 Introduction 55 6.2 Model structure and basic features 56 6.3 Environmental Pollution and Instruments of Abatement 58 6.4 Data 59 6.5 Policy Scenarios and Analysis 59 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 83 Annex 1: Description of the Algebraic Structure of the CGE Model 86 Annex 2: Description of the CGE Model Calibration and Base Path (2011-2030) 102 References 108
Abbreviations and AcronymsBAT Best Available Technology CGE Computable General Equilibrium CO2 Carbon dioxide CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBA Cost Benefit Analysis ECA Europe and Central Asia EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERDF European Regional Development Fund EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ELV End-Of-Life Vehicle ETS Emissions Trading System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GGPP Green Growth Policy Paper GDP Gross Domestic Product HEPP Hydroelectric Power Plants ICT Information and Communication Technologies IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Kwh Kilowatt hour MBIs Market-based Instruments NDP National Development Plan OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development PH Porter Hypothesis PM10 Particulate matter 10 microns in diameter PPM Parts per million PPP Purchasing Power Parity REACH Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals R&D Research and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme VOC Volatile Organic Compounds WEEE Waste from electrical and electronic equipment |
urope and Central Asia Region
