The ethiopian
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Causes or child mortality in Gondar hospital, EthiopiaTelahun Teka, MD, Gondar College of Medical Sciences During a 5 year period, a total of 656 childhood deaths, between the ages of 3 days to 15 years were registered in the paediatrics department Gondar College of Medical Sciences Hospital. Protein energy malnutrition (24.5%), Bronchopneuminia (12.2%), pyogenic meningitis (8.4%), septicemia (7.0% ), disseminated tuberculosis (6.1% ) are the five primary leading causes of deaths. 485 (73.9% ) of the deaths occurred in children under 5 years of age and the 270 (41.2 % ) of the children were admitted in a moribund state and died within 24 hrs of admission. Some historical and philosophical aspects of education and training for public health personnel in EthiopiaDennis Carlson, MD Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University While some organized preparation for significant numbers of clinical workers began before the Italian War of 1935-40, institutionalization of training for hospital and clinic staff expanded in the late 1940's early 1950's. Significant community health training for health personnel began in 1954 with the establishment of the public Health College and Training Center in Gondar which included a variety of radically different educational and service innovations. The Faculty of Medicine, established in Addis Ababa in 1964, has the duty of educating physicians with strong public health knowledge, attitudes and skills. Following the conversion of the Gondar College to conventional training in 1978, the Jimma Institute was inaugurated in the early 1980's to train professionals in a combination of preventive, promotional and curative health care. Training of community health workers which began in the 1960's was greatly expanded in the 1970's and 80's plans were made for advanced training in public Health in the 1960's but did not begin to materialize until the 1980's. Other programs for capacity building in management training and specialized technical services have been started at various times. Current endeavours to establish a national network of public health training centres as a School of public Health are proceeding. A review of examination performance of nursing students at the Gondar College of Medical SciencesMelakeberhan Dagnew BSc (PH) , M.P.H, Dr.Med., Melake Damena BSc (PH),M.P.H. Department of community Health, Gondar College of Medical Sciences A retrospective analysis of the performance of nursing students at the Gondar College of Medical Sciences was done on a total of 402 students who were admitted from 1984 to 1991. Among those admitted 267 (66.4%) graduated. The attrition rate showed remarkable increase in recent years from 15% to 50%. Higher attrition rate (34%) was reported for females as compared to males (22%). A significant difference in performance between males and females was also observed. Correlation between, ESLC and academic performance was very weak. The problem in the learning-teaching process and the validity of ESLC as an admission criteria is discussed. Medical student's attitudes towards community health in Jimma Institute of Health Sciences, south- western Ethiopia, Mulugeta H/Michael MD, Fekadu Ayele, MD, MPH, Chali lira HSc, MPH, Fasil Tessema HSc Jimma Institute of Health Sciences
Amare Dejene, HSc, MSc, Eyassu Isak, Tekabe Ayalew, HA, Yared Mekonnen, HSc National Research Institute of Health A team from the National Research Institute of Health in collaboration with 16 health related institutions and departments has conducted a survey on research activities. The survey had two basic parts: Documentation of health related research including those on target, completed, in press and published; and assessment of computer facilities including selection of computer and software types for different activities. A total of 1700 research titles were reported, of these 200 (52.9%) are published and the remaining 41.4~ are in press, completed or ongoing. Regarding computer facilities, the majority of the computers are IBM and IBM compatible and most of the soft wares include WPS1, Dbase, and Lotus 123. Most of the time (> 75.4) computers are used for word processing. All the information collected is stored in a computer Data Base and will be accessible to all institutions and departments involved in health related research in Ethiopia. The challenges of home based care for AIDS patients in Ethiopia Berhanu Demeke, MD, George Olwit, MD Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University This is a descriptive cross sectional study to determine factors which can influence and pose challenges for Home Based Care for AIDS Patients. The setting was Entoto Awraja -northern Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Four hundred eighty five persons from the community of Entoto Awraja; 37 AIDS patients attending counselling and a clincial follow-up; and 12 patients' family members who were informed about the disease, were interviewed by structured questionnaires, while 127 health institution workers involved in the care of AIDS patients in different health institutions were given self administered questionnaire. The community's, patients' and their families', and health institution workers, knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices on AIDS, hospital care and home based care of patients was assessed. More than 60% of respondents had good knowledge about transmission routes and means of preventions, although 70% of them mentioned nonspecific symptoms of the disease. 61% and 81% of the community and health institution workers respectively did not think the hospital would meet all the needs of AIDS patients, and 57% of the community preferred Home Care compared to 40% of the patients, 25% of the family members and 43% of health institution workers. The majority of the patients and their families were afraid of the social implications of visits by home care team. 60% of the community responded they will be volunteers for home care team if asked, while only 35% of the health institution workers responded similarly. The study reveals that there is good knowledge among the respondents on AIDS, with bias towards clinical care and lees emphasis on the psychological support. The community displays less fear for AIDS and more positive attitude towards home care than health institution workers. Promotional and educational efforts are recommended, with emphasis on health workers for the success of Home Based Care. High risk behaviours for the spread of HIV infection into rural Ethiopia Shabbir Ismail, MD,MPH, Department of Community Health, Gondar College of Medical Sciences A multistage, cross-sectional, descriptive study of potential routes of spread of HIV infection from urban to rural populations was carried out in rural Ethiopian communities, (Limu District, Southern Shoa, from Dec. 1991 to Ian. 1992). High risk practices for HIV infection and transmission were documented among rural residing former soldiers, merchants, and students. In 45 to 50% of the subgroup subjects extramarital sexual contact during the previous 3 months was reported. In 25 to 37% sex with urban commercial sex worker (CSW) was reported. Condom use was found to be very low, varying from 10 to 30%. Knowledge about AIDS was low. Risk perceptions fro AIDS were low 800 changes in risk behavior were minimal. A total of 502 rural farmers were also interviewed. An extramarital sexual contact in die past 3 mondis was reported in 13.5%, widi7% reporting dieir most recent contact being widi an urban CSW. Condom use was very low. Past history for sm's was assessed. Gonorrhoea was die most commonly reported illness at 10.2%. Knowledge of Ams was limited to 59% and of disease, only 28% perceived diey were vulnerable. In diis study knowledge was associated widi high risk sexual practices but not with not-sexual practices. This study found urban CSWs and fonner soldiers to be important potential reservoirs of HIV infection. Spread into rural communities is likely to occur as a result of frequent high risk practices for HIV infection among several rural population subgroups frequently travelling into urban communities; diseases include merchants, students, fonner soldiers, and farmers. High risk behaviour and the use or condoms in Nazareth town. Ethiopia Hailegnaw Eshete, MS, MPH1, Nonnan Hearst, MD, MPH2, Jeffery Mandel, PHD, MPH2, Krysia Lindan, MD2 1 National Research Institute of Health, 2 Center for AIDS prevention Studies, University of California, SanFransisco The prevalence of HIV infection has risen dramatically in Ethiopia during die last few years, with up to 75% of prostitutes now infected in some towns. In response to die growing trends of die epidemic, we conducted a cross sectional survey in 1992 in Nazareth Town to assess HIV risk behaviour, and overall use and perception of condoms among die general public. Random samples of 144 men and 126 sexually active women stratified by age and selected from public "mass" organizations were included in die study (age 13-65). Twenty four percent of bodi men and women had more dian 10 lifetime sexual partner. During die last year , 23% of die men and 34% of die women had more dian one sexual partner, and 28 % of die men had visited prostitutes. Eighty percent said diat die use of condoms were readily available. Even so, few had ever used diem (28% ); women were much more likely to have ever used condoms dian men (40% Vs 19% , p < .001) and diis was true when evaluated among all levels of education, age and sexual activity .Among bodi men and women, condom use was associated widi being less dian 40 years of age, having at least secondary schooling, and having more dian I sexual partner. Men who had visited prostitutes were also more likely to use condoms (38% Vs 9%). Widi a population widi a high level of sexual activity diat begins at early age, awareness of die need to use condoms, particularly among men, must be promoted in this country with a rapidly growing AIDS epidemic. |