The ethiopian
|
|  Yüklə 6.71 Mb.
|
Management needs of hospitals medical directorsMelake Berhan Dagnew, MD1, David Zakus, PhD2 1Department of Community Health Gonder College of Medical Sciences 2Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University McGill-Ethiopia Community Health Project Hospital management is an important contributor to the success of the entire health system. Major problems exist, though, in the hospital sector which must be dealt with efficiently and effectively by hospital leadership in order to strengthen this contribution. Presently, many involved in this leadership, including the medical directors, administrators and matrons lack the specific health service management training needed in order to carry out their tasks to the best of their ability .This research specifically deals with management needs of medical directors and the ways of meeting these needs. Self-administered questionnaires were sent to all hospital medical directors in Ethiopia (72 in all) to obtain information to meet the major objectives of: a) determining the most important management issues facing hospitals and their senior managers in Ethiopia today; and b) gathering sufficient information on hospital services, hospital management issues and the medical directors so as to be able to plan and carry-out future management workshops for senior hospital management. Preliminary data from this research will be available to present to the December EPHA Conference. A cross-sectional study of anthropometric measurements of women in reproductive age-group attending family planning clinic in Jimma town Seid Mohammed MD,MPH and Biniam G/Eghziabher Department of Community Health, Jimma Institute of Health Sciences A cross-sectional study of the anthropometric measurements of 1600 women in the reproductive age group attending family planning clinics in Jimma town was made in June 1993. The data was collected by using a standardized format which includes such key variables as the age, parity, height, weight and mid-ann circumference. It is tabulated and analyzed by hand. According to the findings of this study 60% weighed more than 40 kgs, 37% between 40 and 50 kgs and 3% lower than 40 kgs. 87% have height greater than 140 cms. The body-mass index (BMI) which is the weight-for height index, showed that 11.5% scored below 18.5 which is the cut-off point while the remaining 88.5% scored above 18:5. The mid-Arm-Circumference (MAC) measurement revealed that 3.5% less than 21 cms, 245% between 21-23.5 cms while 72% more than 23.5 cms. Based on the findings the study women have a good nutritional status in general, wiht a promising posibility of having children with better birth weight. We recommend that similar researchers in this area should be conducted in a population groups of different socioeconomic status to have a reliable base-line data on women nutritional status. Prevalence or xerophthalmia among children in Jimma Town, south-western EthiopiaMahedere Shiferaw, MD, Fekadu Ayele, MD, MPH, Chali Jira, BSc, MPH, Fasil Tessema, BSc Jimma Institute of Health Sciences There is a scarce or no information on the magnitude or distribution of xerophthalmia in Jimma Zone. To document base line information, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of xerophthalmia among children aged 6-72 months. House to house registration of children aged 6-72 months was done and the required sample size was determined on the basis of 5% prevalence rate. Through eye examination was done by an ophthalmologist and two general practitioners who were informed about the purpose of the study. The WHO criteria was used to grade the magnitude and severity of xerophthalmia. The demographic characteristics and weight of each subject were recorded. Children who were found to have conjectivitis and acute trachoma were treated with appropriate antibiotics. The result of the study showed that, of the 287 study population 1.2% and 9.1 % had Bitot' s spots .A statistically significant association was observed between conjectival xerosis and Protein-Energy- Malnutrition (pEM) (p < 0.05). This survey gives the general epidemiological overview of the magnitude, distribution and pattern of xerophthalmia in the region, specifically in Jimma town. It has indicated that xerophthalmia is a significant public health problem in the study area. The study recommends early detection and cost effective intervention programmes. Prevalence or xerophthalmia in children six months to six years or age in Agaro townAbebe G/Mariam, BSc, MPH, Ferew Lemma, MD, MPH and Wubushet W/Mikael Department of Community Health, Jimma Institute of Health Sciences A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of xerophthalmia and its relation with age, sex, nutritional status, family income and educational status was undertaken in Agaro town (west of Jimma) in January 1993. 432 children six months to six years of age were selected randomly from 289 house holds in the 9 kebeles of the town. The study was carried using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data was collected through a house-to house visit by 8 experiencd female interviewers who were currently involved in data collection of a cohort study in infant mortality physical examination was done by 4 physicians who were trained in clinical identification of xerophthalmia. All parents interviewed were the head of the household, mother or guardian. 24.5% were illiterate. 86.3% have annual income of less than 700 birr. A total of 236 males and 196 females were studied. According to water low classification 81.5% children were normal. 8.5% were either wasted, stunted or both. 18 (4.2%) were found to have different stages of xerophthalmia. These included 6.9% night blindness (XN), 55.56%. Biot's spots (XIB). A significant association (p<0.05) between nutritional status, family income and the prevalence of xerophthalmia was observed. Finally all children with signs of xerophthalmia and conductivities were given oral vitamin A and tetracyclic eye ointment. Prevalence or anaemia in pregnancy in an urban and a rural community or Ethiopia: a preliminary study Mathewos Wakbulcho, MD,MPH; Abate Gudnuffa BSC, MPH; Bo Moller MD,PHD Family Health Department, Ministry of Health
|