The ethiopian

REFERENCES

2.Briggs M.H., Briggs, M.: Vitamin C Requirement and oral contraceptives. Nature Vol. 238, 1972

3.Rose, D.P., Strong, R., Folikard. I; and Adams, P.W : Erythrocyte aminotransferaze activities in women using oral contraceptives. AM. I. Clin. Nutr. 1973; 26,48.

4.Lumerg, L; Cleary, R.E.; Ting-Kal, L : Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma concentration of pyridoxal phosphate; Am.I. Clin. Nutr. 1974; 27: 326.

5.Keshinro, 0.0. : The unconventional sources of ascorbic acid. Nutrition Reports International 1985.

6.Baker, H. and Frank, 0.: Clinical Vitaminology m"thods and Interpretation. Inter-science publishers N. York, 1968.

8.Schwartze, M.A. and Williams, I.N. Inr. : New procedure for ascorbic acid analysis by Osazone method. Proc. Soc. Exp. BioI. Med. 1965; 88, 136.

9.Kofoed, M.A., Blumenkranze,N.B.; Houssay and Yamauchi,E. Y. : Cervical mucus and serum ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid concentration during menstrual cycle. Am.I. Obset. Gynea. 1965; 91-95.

10.Dodds, M.L. : Sex as a factor in blood levels of ascorbic acid. I. Am. Dietet. 1969; 54-32.

Ministry of Health

INTRODUCTION

* Notify the current status of AIDS epidemic in the country , and provide information which has prominence in decision making and future planning.

** Provide feedback to health institutions in the country.
From January 1986 to October 1993, a total or 8,622 AIDS cases have been reported by forty-eight hospitals in the country. Out of the total reported cases, about 42.1 % were residents of Addis Ababa. Other surveillance and research activities carried out in Ethiopia among different population groups have also indicated the extent of the HIV /AIDS epidemic and its progression.
2. Criteria used to diagnose AIDS patients in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization (WHO) provisional case definition with positive serology test for HIV antibodies is the criteria used to diagnose AIDS. According to the case definition, a patient has to manifest at least m1!igr and one minor signs and show and HIV Positive serology. (See page 9 of the report for the list of major and minor clinical symptoms/signs).
3. Summary of the report for the month of October, 1993. In October 1993 alone, a total of 246 AIDS cases were reported by 12 hospitals; 73 cases were from 5 Addis Ababa hospitals and the rest 173 cases were from 7 regional hospitals. The following table identifies the number of cases reported during this month, by reporting hospital and region/zone.

____________________________

NOTE:(I) You a~ kindly requested 10 share the information wid.

your staff. (2) Comments and suggestions are appreciated for

improving our reporting system

Table 1: Summary of AIDS Cases reported in Ethiopia, as of 31, October 1993.

Table 3: AIDS Cases by Quarter of Report.

AIDS case surveillance report in Ethiopia: October 31, 1993

Table 4: Distribution of AIDS Cases by Year of Report.

Year	Number		Sex Ratio		Percent of Total
	Male	Female	Total	(M:F)
86	1	1	2	1:1	0.02%
87	12	5	17	2.4:1	0.20%
88	67	18	85	3.7:1	0.99%
89	128	62	190	2.1:1	2.20%
90	292	156	448	1.9:1	5.20%
91	585	300	885	1.9:1	10.26%
92	1984	1272	3256	1.6:1	37.76%
93	2324	1415	3739	1.6:1	43.37%
Total	5393	3229	8622	1.7:1	100.00%

`The proportion of female patients has increased since 1992.

Table 5: Age and Sex Distribution of reported AIDS Cases.

Table 7