At its seventh meeting in 2004, the COP adopted the “Programme of Work on Protected Areas” with an overall objective to establish and maintain, by 2010 for terrestrial areas and by 2012 for marine areas, “comprehensive, effectively managed and ecologically representative systems of protected areas” that, collectively, will significantly reduce the rate of loss of global biodiversity.
Iraq has not yet developed a list of national or global objectives for terrestrial or marine areas to achieve the targets adopted under the Programme of Work on Protected Areas, yet some individual protected area activities have been initiated within the country (See Protected Areas Indicator in section I.4.6 of the full report).
The follow are the list of targets for the programme of work on protected areas for both terrestrial and marine areas:
Goal No.
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Targets
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Iraq Status
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Targets for 2008
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1.5
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Effective mechanisms for identifying and preventing, and/or mitigating the negative impacts of key threats to protected areas are in place.
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No information
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2.1
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Mechanisms for the equitable sharing of both costs and benefits arising from the establishment and management of protected areas are established.
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No information
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2.2
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Participation of indigenous and local communities is full and effective, in full respect of their rights and recognition of their responsibilities, consistent with national law and applicable international obligations, and the participation of relevant stakeholders, in the management of existing, and the establishment and management of new, protected areas.
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Local councils and NGOs have had participated in the planning of the proposed Mesopotamian NP.
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3.1
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Policies as appropriate, including use of social and economic valuation and incentives, to provide a supportive enabling environment for more effective establishment and management of protected areas and protected areas systems are reviewed and revised as appropriate.
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Socio-economic planning and pilot projects have been part of proposed Mesopotamian NP.
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3.4
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Sufficient financial, technical and other resources to meet the costs to effectively implement and manage national and regional systems of protected areas are secured, including both from national and international sources, particularly to support the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition and small island developing States.
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No information
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3.5
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Public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the importance and benefits of protected areas are significantly increased.
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General public awareness and understanding of proposed Mesopotamian NP exists
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4.1
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Standards, criteria, and best practices for planning, selecting, establishing, managing and governance of national and regional systems of protected areas are developed and adopted.
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Proposed Mesopotamian NP may serve as a model
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Targets for 2010
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1.1
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Terrestrially, a global network of comprehensive, representative and effectively managed national and regional protected area system is established.”
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No information
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1.3
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Trans-boundary protected areas, other forms of collaboration between neighbouring protected areas across national boundaries and regional networks, to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, implementing the ecosystem approach, and improving international cooperation are established and strengthened.
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Hawizeh Ramsar Site is a trans-boundary protected area in Iraq and Hor Al Azim is a related trans-boundary protected area in Iran but significant issues remain and little collaboration exists.
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3.2
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Comprehensive capacity building programmes and initiatives are implemented to develop knowledge and skills at individual, community and institutional levels, and raise professional standards.
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Upon implementation, proposed Mesopotamian NP may serve as a model
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3.3
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The development, validation, and transfer of appropriate technologies and innovative approaches for the effective management of protected areas is substantially improved, taking into account the decisions of the Conference of the Parties on technology transfer and cooperation.
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No Information
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4.2
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Frameworks for monitoring, evaluating and reporting protected areas management effectiveness at sites, national and regional systems, and trans-boundary protected area levels are adopted and implemented by Parties.
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Upon implementation, proposed Mesopotamian NP and Hawizeh Ramsar site may serve as models
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4.3
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National and regional systems are established to enable effective monitoring of protected area coverage, status and trends at national, regional and global scales, and to assist in evaluating progress in meeting global biodiversity targets.
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Upon implementation, proposed Mesopotamian NP and Hawizeh Ramsar site may serve as models
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Targets for 2012
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1.1
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In the marine area, a global network of comprehensive, representative and effectively managed national and regional protected area system is established.
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No marine protected areas exist in Iraq
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1.4
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All protected areas have effective management in existence, using participatory and science-based site planning processes that incorporate clear biodiversity objectives, targets, management strategies and monitoring programmes, drawing upon existing methodologies and a long-term management plan with active stakeholder involvement.
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No marine protected areas exist in Iraq
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Targets to be completed by 2015
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1.2
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All protected areas and protected area systems are integrated into the wider land- and seascape, and relevant sectors, by applying the ecosystem approach and taking into account ecological connectivity and the concept, where appropriate, of ecological networks.
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No Information
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Iraq will need to evaluate these targets to develop activities suitable to its needs and situation. Currently obstacles include:
(a) Jurisdictional disputes over who develops and maintains protected areas in Iraq; (b) lack of regulatory and policy framework; (c) funding for development and maintenance of protected areas; (d) lack of capacity at all levels of protected areas development; and (e) lack of trans-boundary cooperation and collaboration with neighbouring countries.
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