Goal 1: The Convention is fulfilling its leadership role in international biodiversity issues.
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1.1 The Convention is setting the global biodiversity agenda.
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Iraq has not the knowledge yet to assess whether these sub-goals have been achieved at the global level. As for Goals 1.1 and 1.2, the opinion and direct experience of Iraq until now, is that the Convention is certainly leading these activities.
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1.2 The Convention is promoting cooperation between all relevant international instruments and processes to enhance policy coherence.
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1.3 Other international processes are actively supporting implementation of the Convention, in a manner consistent with their respective frameworks
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Iraq has not enough information on Goal 1.3, although Iraq is aware of the existence of an MoU with the CITES Convention.
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At the national level Iraq is trying to spread as much as possible information on the importance and role of the Convention, trying to promote the idea of the Convention setting the global biodiversity agenda among national institutional bodies.
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1.4 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is widely implemented
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Iraq is not a Party of the Protocol
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Not relevant
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1.5 Biodiversity concerns are being integrated into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies at the regional and global levels.
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A Biodiversity National Committee has been established, involving all relevant institutional bodies, but capacity, communication and actions are still poor
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No integration of regional and local management plans (e.g. tribal reserves) exists
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1.6 Parties are collaborating at the regional and sub-regional levels to implement the Convention.
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As for the international level, this is largely unknown to Iraq, for the national level this is not fully implemented, though some steps forward have been made (e.g. participation in international workshops of the Convention).
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The Ministry of Environment has prepared a draft protected area regulation and has submitted it to the Protected Areas National Committee and to international experts (Syria, Egypt and Italy) for review.
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Goal 2: Parties have improved financial, human, scientific, technical, and technological capacity to implement the Convention.
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2.1 All Parties have adequate capacity for implementation of priority actions in national biodiversity strategy and action plans.
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Lack of capacity in all biodiversity-related fields is one of the limitations to the implementation of the Convention in Iraq, still some improvements have been achieved and, with support of the NGO NI, important scientific data on biodiversity has been collected.
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Hopefully workshops will be organized in cooperation with the Secretariat of the Convention
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2.2 Developing country Parties, in particular the least developed and the small island developing States amongst them, and other Parties with economies in transition, have sufficient resources available to implement the three objectives of the Convention.
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Iraq can be regarded as a country with an economy in transition, due to the presence of oil extraction activities; resources might be available to a certain extent. However, due also to many health and reconstruction emergencies, these resources might not be allocated to address the three biodiversity objectives. No reliable information is available on the extent to which internal resources have been allocated to biodiversity protection
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2.3 Developing country Parties, in particular the least developed and the small island developing States amongst them, and other Parties with economies in transition, have increased resources and technology transfer available to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
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Not relevant
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2.4 All Parties have adequate capacity to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
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Not relevant
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2.5 Technical and scientific cooperation is making a significant contribution to building capacity.
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the New Eden Group activities;
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the Smithsonian Natural History Museum and Bar Code of Life Project research on aquatic organisms;
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UNEP Iraqi Marshlands Observation System (IMOS) and its Marshlands Project;
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the Canada-Iraq Marshlands Initiative (CIMI);
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the UNDP projects in the Iraqi Marshland areas;
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World Bank, which sponsored the Iraq Emergency Environmental Management Project (EEMP) with the Iraqi Ministry of Environment;
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IMOA and Kew Gardens are completing the unpublished volumes of the old Flora of Iraq and a new effort to create a modern Flora is being lead by the MOE, Twin Rivers Institute (TRI)/Nature Iraq (NI), the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh’s (RBGE’s) Center for Middle East Plants, the Missouri Botanical Gardens and Old Dominion University.
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Goal 3: National biodiversity strategies and action plans and the integration of biodiversity concerns into relevant sectors serve as an effective framework for the implementation of the objectives of the Convention.
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3.1 Every Party has effective national strategies, plans and programmes in place to provide a national framework for implementing the three objectives of the Convention and to set clear national priorities.
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Iraq has not yet developed national strategies, plans and programmes for achieving the objectives of the Convention.
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Some priority have been defined in this report as follows:
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Review and update of all Environmental legislation;
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Creation of a national law for protected areas;
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Pollution remediation and control;
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Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment policies for biodiversity protection;
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Legislation and practical control concerning Invasive species;
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Development of management plans for protected areas;
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Establishment of a national network of protected areas;
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Law for forest management and protection;
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Law for regulating the hunting activity and the collection and trade of wild fauna and flora;
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Establishment and reorganization of environmental/agriculture departments at local Governorates to communicate with local communities and manage/plan the sustainable use of their livelihoods;
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Enhancement and promotion of local traditional knowledge and practices to sustainably manage the environment and resources;
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Capacity building and training initiatives;
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Promotion of activities that would generate revenue from sustainable use of nature resources.
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3.2 Every Party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety has a regulatory framework in place and functioning to implement the Protocol.
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Not relevant
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3.3 Biodiversity concerns are being integrated into relevant national sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
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This objective is very far from being reached in Iraq due to lack of cross-sectoral communication and cooperation
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3.4 The priorities in national biodiversity strategies and action plans are being actively implemented, as a means to achieve national implementation of the Convention, and as a significant contribution towards the global biodiversity agenda.
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The priorities outlined in this report have not been integrated and implemented in a systematic way because no NBSAP exists.
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Some of the priorities proposed here have already been partially addressed as a result of other projects, plans or researches.
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Goal 4: There is a better understanding of the importance of biodiversity and of the Convention, and this has led to broader engagement across society in implementation.
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4.1 All Parties are implementing a communication, education, and public awareness strategy and promoting public participation in support of the Convention.
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Iraq is committed to organizing such activities, but there will be a need of training and capacity building in this field;
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Few relevant communication activity has been started and/or carried out with the general public
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4.2 Every Party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is promoting and facilitating public awareness, education and participation in support of the Protocol.
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Not relevant
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4.3 Indigenous and local communities are effectively involved in implementation and in the processes of the Convention, at national, regional and international levels.
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In Iraq indigenous communities have their own tribal decision-makers that can broadly decide on the use of their territories;
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Unfortunately these decision-making mechanisms are not linked with the central government; moreover often tribal authorities are not aware of biodiversity issues and of the international context.
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4.4 Key actors and stakeholders, including the private sector, are engaged in partnership to implement the Convention and are integrating biodiversity concerns into their relevant sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
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Right now in Iraq some tentative communication with biodiversity-involved stakeholders has been made only at the institutional level;
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No committees or technical panels exist within the private sector
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