Mastering New Testament Greek Textbook Ted Hildebrandt Baker Academic

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Form

The second aorist is built from the second aorist verb stem. It is preceded by an e augment and followed by secondary endings, like the imperfect.

Augment	Verb stem	Connecting vowel	Secondary endings	I took
e +	lab +	o +	n =	e@labon
Aug	Stem	CV	Ending

The connecting vowel is o before m and n, and e elsewhere.

Second Aorist Active Indicative of lamba

Singular

Plural

1.

e@labon

I took

e]la
We took

2.

e@labej

You took

e]la
You took

3.

e@labe(n)

He/she/it took

e@labon

They took

Note: The n, s, e, men, te, n endings are the same as for the imperfects.

Note: Sometimes the third person plural ending will be -an, as in ei#pan (they said), rather than the expected ei#pon (they said).
Second Aorist Middle Indicative of gi

Singular

Plural

1.

e]geno
I became

e]geno
We became

2.

e]ge
You became

e]ge
You became

3.

e]ge
He/she/it became

e]ge
They became

Note: The mhn, ou, to, meqa, sqe, nto endings are the same as for the imperfects.

The aorist and future passives will be formed from a different stem and learned later. Note that this aorist paradigm is deponent. Middles are “I brought (for myself).”
Augments

Aorist Augments = Imperfect Augments

The augment is added in four ways:

1. Before consonants it is e.
2. Before vowels the augment contracts with the vowel according to the following rules:

Vowels

Diphthongs

e + a = h

e + ai = ^

e + e = h

e + ei = ^

e + h = h

e + oi = &

e + i = i

e + au = hu

e + o = w

e + eu = hu

e + u = u

Four patterns:

(1) a and e lengthen to h.

(2) o lengthens to w.

(3) i ending becomes a diphthong subscript.

(4) u ending of a diphthong stays strong.

3. Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant: insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem. e]kba4. Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel: The final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the e augment is inserted in its place. a]poktei
Aorist augments work the same way as these imperfects you have already learned. When you see an augment, think secondary tense (aorist or imperfect).
Aorist Stems of Verbs

Here is a list of second aorist forms of verbs already learned. Master these forms.

Present

Second Aorist

a]pe<
a]ph?lqon

I departed

a]poqn^
a]pe
I died

ba
e@balon

I threw

o[ra
ei#don

I saw (cf. ble

gi
e]geno
I became

ginw
e@gnwn

I knew

ei]se
ei]sh?lqon

I entered

e]ce
e]ch?lqon

I went out

e@rxomai

h#lqon

I came, went

eu[ri
eu$ron

I found

e@xw

e@sxon

I had

lamba
e@labon

I took

le
ei#pon

I said

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