Augments
The augment (prefix) is added in four ways:
1. Before consonants it is e.
2. Before vowels the augment contracts with the vowel according to the following rules:
-
Vowels
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Diphthongs
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e + a = h
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e + ai = ^
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e + e = h
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e + ei = ^
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e + h = h
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e + oi = &
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e + i = i
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e + au = hu
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e + o = w
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e + eu = hu
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e + u = u
|
|
Four patterns:
1. a and e lengthen to h
2. o lengthens to w
3. i ending a diphthong subscripts
4. u ending a diphthong stays strong
3. Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a consonant: Insert the augment between the prepositional prefix and the verb stem. e]kba4. Compound verbs with prepositions ending in a vowel: The final vowel of the preposition is dropped and the e augment inserted in its place. a]poktei
Here are examples of contraction in forming the imperfect active indicative, first person singular:
e + a = h
|
h@kouon
|
e augment + a]kou |
e + e = h
|
h@geiron
|
e augment + e]gei |
e + o = w
|
w]rxou |
e augment + o]rxe |
e + ai = ^
|
^#ron
|
e augment + ai@rw
|
e + oi = &
|
&]kodo |
e augment + oi]kodome |
ei]mi< Imperfect Indicative
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Singular
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Plural
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1.
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h@mhn
|
I was
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h#men
|
We were
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2.
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h#j
|
You were
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h#te
|
You were
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3.
|
h#n
|
He/she/it was
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h#san
|
They were
|
Be able to chant this frequent form:
Chant Imperfect Indicative of ei]mi< (by columns)
h@mhn h#men
h#j h#te
h#n h#san
The imperfect tense of ei]mi< appears frequently. You should try to master these forms well.
e@xw Imperfect Active Indicative (Irregulars)
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Singular
|
Plural
|
1.
|
ei#xon
|
I was having
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ei@xomen
|
We were having
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2.
|
ei#xej
|
You were having
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ei@xete
|
You were having
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3.
|
ei#xe(n)
|
He/she/it was having
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ei#xon
|
They were having
|
Note: This is an exception. The augment is a contraction of e + e = ei. Another exceptional augmented form is qe
Translation Examples
e]dij e]n t^? sunagwg^? au]tw?n.
He was teaching them in their synagogue (Mat. 13:54).
e]kei?noj de> e@legen peri> tou? naou? tou? swBut that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body (Jn. 2:21).
au]to>j ga>r e]giFor he was knowing what was in man (Jn. 2:25).
Vocabulary
a]poqn^ |
I die (111)
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e]kei?
|
there (105)
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e!wj
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until (146)
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i]dou<
|
behold (200)
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i!na
|
in order that (663)
|
]Iwa |
John (135)
|
me |
on the one hand, indeed (179)
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o!loj, -h, -on
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whole, entire (109)
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o!te
|
when (103)
|
su |
with (128)
| |
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