Harpacticoida
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M  axillopoda - Copepoda
HARPACTICOIDA JANET W. REID Department of Invertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Order Harpacticoida G. O. Sars, 1903 Family Aegisthidae Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Aegisthus Giesbrecht, 1891
Family Ameiridae Monard, 1927 Genus Ameira Boeck, 1865
Genus Nitokra Boeck, 1865 Nitokra affinis Gurney, 1927 Synonymy: Lang, 1948: 820. Description and diagnosis: Gurney, 1927: 545; Lang, 1948: 820. References: Gurney, 1927: 545, fig. 154 (as Nitocra affinis); Lang, 1948: 820, fig. 328: 1 (as Nitocra); Vervoort, 1964: 265, figs. 105c, 106g, 107-109 (as Nitocra); Wells, 1976: 111 (as Nitocra); Bodin, 1979: 90 (as Nitocra); Por, Almeida Prado Por & Oliveira, 1984: 224 (as Nitocra). Geographic distribution: Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and Mediterranean, Black, and Red Seas. Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal tropical waters; mud substrates, mangroves. Nitokra dubia G. O. Sars, 1927 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 52. Description and diagnosis: G. O. Sars, 1927: 137. References: G. O. Sars, 1927: 137, pl. 16, figs. 1-10 (as Nitocra); Lang, 1948: 821, figs. 323: 8, 328: 2 (as Nitocra); Jakobi, 1956: 157, fig. 7 (as Nitocra); Gerlach, 1958: 670, tab. 6 (as Nitocra); Wells, 1976: 103 (as Nitocra). Geographic distribution: North American Pacific Coast, South Africa, and Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal lagoons. Nitokra fragilis paulistana Jakobi, 1956 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 50. Description and diagnosis: Jakobi, 1956: 161. References: Jakobi, 1956: 161, fig. 2 (as Nitocra fragilis paulistana); Gerlach, 1958: 670, tab. 6 (as Nitocra); Lang, 1965: 352 (as Nitocra); Por, Almeida Prado Por & Oliveira, 1984: 224 (as Nitocra). Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal lagoon systems among mangroves. Species inquirenda; possibly a subspecies of Nitokra spinipes Boeck, 1865 (Lang, 1965), or an invalid species (Por, Almeida Prado Por & Oliveira, 1984). N itokra hyperidis Jakobi, 1956
Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 54. Description and diagnosis: Jakobi, 1956: 160. References: Jakobi, 1956: 160, fig. 1 (as Nitocra); Gerlach, 1958: 670, tab. 6 (as Nitocra); Lang, 1965: 352 (as Nitocra); Por, Almeida Prado Por & Oliveira, 1984: 224 (as Nitocra). Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal lagoon system; sandy mud substrate with Rhizophora. Species inquirenda (Lang, 1965), or an invalid species (Por, Almeida Prado Por & Oliveira, 1984). Family Canthocamptidae Brady, 1880 Genus Amphibiperita Fiers & Rutledge, 1990
Genus Attheyella Brady, 1880 s. lat. Attheyella jureiae Por & Hadel, 1986 Synonymy: Reid, 1990a: 771. Description and diagnosis: Por & Hadel, 1986: 778; Reid, 1990: 771. References: Ebert, 1976: 203, pl. 34 [as Attheyella (Attheyella) santaremensis]; Rocha & Matsumura Tundisi, 1976: 52, pls. 26-27 (as Mesochra sancarlensis); Dussart, 1984a: 65 (as Attheyella santaremensis); Reid, 1984: 100 (as Canthocamptid a); Reid, 1985: 78, fig. 2 (as Attheyella sp.); Por & Hadel, 1986: 778, figs. 1-17, 35-40; Dussart & Frutos, 1986(1987): 243, figs. 87 103 [as Attheyella (Delachauxiella) and Attheyella (Chappuisiella) (?) sancarlensis]; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 115 [as Attheyella (Delachauxiella) sancarlensis]; Reid, 1990a: 769, figs. 1 9; 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1; 1993(1994)c: 71; Por & Lopes, 1994: 1873. Geographic distribution: Argentina and Brazil (PA, MT, DF, SP). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; eurytopic in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, marshes, wet campos, and phytotelmata. Synonyms: Mesochra sancarlensis Rocha & Matsumura Tundisi, 1976 and Attheyella (A.) santaremensis Ebert, 1976 (Reid, 1990a). Subgenus Canthosella Chappuis, 1931 Attheyella siolii (Kiefer, 1967) Description and diagnosis: Kiefer, 1967a: 119. References: Kiefer, 1967a: 119, figs. 19 28 (as Elaphoidella siolii); Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1 (as Elaphoidella); Dussart, 1984a: 66 (as Elaphoidella); Apostolov, 1985: 157 (as Elaphoidellopsis siolii); Rouch, 1986: 338 (as Elaphoidella); Magalhães et al., 1988: 279 (as Elaphoidella); Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 207 (as Elaphoidella); Janetzky et al., 1996: 132. G eographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; groundwater in caatinga (dry scrub forest) near Rio Negro. Female unknown. Attheyella vera Por & Hadel, 1986 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 118. Description and diagnosis: Por & Hadel, 1986: 786. References: Por & Hadel, 1986: 786, figs. 18-34, 41-43; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 118 [as Attheyella (Chappuisiella) vera]; Janetzky et al., 1996: 123. Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; bromeliads. Subgenus Chappuisiella Brehm, 1926 Attheyella fuhrmanni (Thiébaud, 1914) Synonymy: Lang, 1948: 990; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 104. Description and diagnosis: Thiébaud, 1914: 167; Lang, 1948: 990. References: Thiébaud, 1914: 167, figs. 9-16 (as Canthocamptus fuhrmanni); Brian, 1927: 1, figs. 1-10 (as Canthocamptus derelictus); Chappuis, 1936: 450 [as Attheyella (Chappuisiella) derelicta]; Schubart, 1938: 47 [as A. (Ch.) derelicta]; Lang, 1948: 990, fig. 394: 3 [as A. (Ch.) fuhrmanni], 994, fig. 395: 2 [as A. (Ch.) derelicta]; Chappuis, 1956a: 269, figs. 1-10 [as A. (Ch.) derelicta]; Jakobi & Marinoni, 1965: 88 [as A. (Ch.) derelicta]; Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1976: 56, pls. 28-30 (as A. fuhrmani); Matsumura Tundisi & Rocha, 1983: 12, figs. 10-12 (as A. fuhrmani); Dussart, 1984a: 65; 1984b: 151, figs. 3-4; Reid & Esteves, 1984: 313, tab. 2 (as Bryocamptus sp. a); Fallavena, 1985: 9, figs. 27-32 (as A. fuhrmani); Dussart & Frutos, 1986(1987): 258, figs. 74-77; Neumann-Leitão et al., 1991: 401, tab. 2; Reid, 1993(1994)a: 21; 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Central and South America. Brazil (PE, RJ, SP, PR, RS). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; eurytopic. Synonym: Canthocamptus derelictus Brian, 1927 (Dussart, 1984b). Subgenus Delachauxiella Brehm, 1926 Attheyella broiensis Reid, 1994 Synonymy: Reid, 1993(1994)a: 21. Description and diagnosis: Reid, 1993(1994)a: 21. References: Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1976: 62, pls. 31, 32 (as Bryocamptus broiensis); Matsumura-Tundisi & Rocha, 1983: 15, fig. 9 (2a, b) (as B. broiensis); Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 112 (as B. broiensis); Reid, 1993(1994)a: 21. Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; reservoir (probably adjacent marsh). Male unknown. Synonym: Bryocamptus broiensis Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1976 [Reid, 1993(1994)a]. A ttheyella yemanjae Reid, 1994
Description and diagnosis: Reid, 1993(1994)a: 25. References: Reid, 1984: 103, tabs. 3-4 (as Echinocamptus a); Reid, 1993(1994)a: 25, figs. 6-11; 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1 [as Attheyella (Delachauxiella) a]. Geographic distribution: Brazil (DF). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; wet campo. Genus Canthocamptus Westwood, 1836 s. lat. Canthocamptus campaneri Reid, 1994 Synonymy: Reid, 1993(1994)a: 14. Description and diagnosis: Reid, 1993(1994)a: 14. References: Reid, 1984: 104, tab. 4 [as Elaphoidella sewelli ssp. a (partim)]; 1993(1994)a: 14, figs. 1-4; 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1 (as Canthocamptus s. lat. a). Geographic distribution: Brazil (DF). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; wet campo. Male unknown. A member of the Bryocamptus species group. Genus Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 Elaphoidella armata (Delachaux, 1918) Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 183. Description and diagnosis: Delachaux, 1918: 327; Lang, 1948: 1141. References: Delachaux, 1918: 327, fig. 7 (as Canthocamptus armatus); Chappuis, 1929: 49; Lang, 1948: 1141, fig. 454: 1; Chappuis, 1956b: 66; 1958: 145; Jakobi, 1959b: 276; 1960: 338; Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Dussart, 1984a: 66; Apostolov, 1985: 159 (as Neoelaphoidella armata); Reid & José, 1987: 79, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Peru and Brazil (PR). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; lake, and near waterfall. Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil, 1893) Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 181. Description and diagnosis: Schmeil, 1893: 73; Apostolov, 1985: 136. References: Schmeil, 1893: 73, pl. 5, figs. 21-24, pl. 7, figs. 17-21 (as Canthocamptus bidens); Douwe, 1912: 316 (as C. bidens); Chappuis, 1929: 49; Kiefer, 1929: 324, fig. 17 (as E. bidens coronata f. subtropica); Lang, 1948: 1137, fig. 453; Chappuis, 1956b: 64; 1958: 141; Jakobi, 1959b: 272 (as E. bidens paranaënsis); M. H. Nogueira, 1959: 63, fig. 2 (as E. bidens paranaënsis); Jakobi, 1960: 338; 1962: tabs. 2, 6; Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1976: 48, pls. 24, 25 (as E. bidens coronata and E. bidens coronata f. subtropica); Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Matsumura-Tundisi & Rocha, 1983: 10, figs. 8(1a-g), 9(1a-f) (as E. bidens f. coronata, E. bidens coronata f. subtropica, and E. bidens paranaensis); Dussart, 1984a: 66; Apostolov, 1985: 136, fig. 2(1-6); Fallavena, 1985: 8, figs. 33-39 (as E. bidens coronata); Reid & Moreno, 1990: 726, tab. 2; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1; 1993(1994)c: 71. Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, MS, SP, PR, RS). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; eurytopic in reservoirs, ponds, tanks, and marshes; prefers eutrophic waters. Synonyms used in the literature on South American harpacticoids: Elaphoidella bidens coronata (G. O. Sars, 1904) and E. bidens coronata f. subtropica Kiefer, 1929. There being nothing to separate the diagnosis of the variable E. bidens from that of E. bidens paranaensis M. H. Nogueira, 1959, I propose that the latter taxon be treated as a junior synonym of the former. E laphoidella bidens subterranea M. H. Nogueira, 1959
Description and diagnosis: M. H. Nogueira, 1959: 65. References: M. H. Nogueira, 1959: 65, fig. 3; Jakobi, 1962: tab. 1; Matsumura-Tundisi & Rocha, 1983: 15; Apostolov, 1985: 151; Rouch, 1986: 334; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 182. Geographic distribution: Brazil (PR). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; cave. Elaphoidella brevifurcata Chappuis, 1936 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 186. Description and diagnosis: Chappuis, 1936: 457; Lang, 1948: 1143. References: Chappuis, 1936: 457, figs. 11-16 (as Elaphoidella pectinata brevifurcata); Schubart, 1938: 47 (as E. pectinata brevifurcata); Lang, 1948: 1143, fig. 455 2b [as E. pectinata (partim)]; Chappuis, 1956b: 71 (as E. pectinata brevicaudata); 1958: 148; Apostolov, 1985: 160 (as Neoelaphoidella brevifurca and N. pectinata brevifurcata); Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 186 (as E. pectinata brevifurcata). Geographic distribution: Brazil (PE). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; marsh. Female unknown. Should be considered a species, rather than a subspecies of Elaphoidella pectinata (Delachaux, 1924). Chappuis (1954) also described an "Elaphoidella brevifurcata" from India, for which I propose the nomen novum Elaphoidella ganeshi. Elaphoidella grandidieri (Guerne & Richard, 1893) Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 182, 218. Description and diagnosis: Guerne & Richard, 1893: 1; Kikuchi, 1985: 1. References: Guerne & Richard, 1893: 1, figs. 1 9 (as Canthocamptus Grandidieri); Gurney, 1916: 338 (as Attheyella grandidieri var.); Chappuis, 1929: 49; Lang, 1948: 1136, fig. 452; Chappuis, 1956b: 64 (as E. Grandidieri); 1958: 146; Jakobi, 1959b: 276; 1960: 338; Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Yeatman, 1983: 85, fig. 19; Dussart, 1984a: 66; Apostolov, 1985: 151; Kikuchi, 1985: 1, figs. 1 4; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Antilles, Hawaii, and Brazil (AM, PE, SE, GO, MG). Comments: Benthic in tropical continental fresh waters; eurytopic in lakes, ponds, marshes, wells, springs, and leaf litter. In the opinion of Gurney (1916), Canthocamptus (now Elaphoidella) laciniatus Douwe, 1911 from SP may be a variety of E. grandidieri. Elaphoidella jakobii M. H. Nogueira, 1959 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 206. Description and diagnosis: M. H. Nogueira, 1959: 62. References: M. H. Nogueira, 1959: 62, fig. 1; Jakobi, 1959b: 272; Apostolov, 1985: 159 (as Neoelaphoidella jakobii); Reid & José, 1987: 79, tab. 1, fig. 24. Geographic distribution: Brazil (PR). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; tank (artificial pond), algae on rocks in waterfall. E laphoidella laciniata (Douwe, 1911)
Synonymy: Lang, 1948: 1177; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 218. Description and diagnosis: Douwe, 1911: 163; 1912: 317; Lang, 1948: 1177. References: Douwe, 1911: 163, fig. 5 (as Canthocamptus laciniatus); Douwe, 1912: 317, figs. 15 20 (as C. laciniatus); Gurney, 1916: 338; Lang, 1948: 1177, fig. 467: 4; Jakobi, 1959b: 277; Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 218. Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; pool. Male unknown. In the opinion of Gurney (1916), may be a variety of E. grandidieri. Elaphoidella negroensis Kiefer, 1967 Description and diagnosis: Kiefer, 1967a: 117. References: Kiefer, 1967a: 117, figs. 10 18; 1967b: 131; Apostolov, 1985: 155; Rouch, 1986: 337; Magalhães et al., 1988: 279; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 207. Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; groundwater in caatinga (dry scrub forest) near Rio Negro. Male unknown. Elaphoidella parajakobii Reid & José, 1987 Description and diagnosis: Reid & José, 1987: 77. References: Reid & José, 1987: 70, figs. 13 23, tab. 1; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 217; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Brazil (GO). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; cavern. Male unknown. Elaphoidella paraplesia Kiefer, 1967 Description and diagnosis: Kiefer, 1967a: 120. References: Kiefer, 1967a: 120, figs. 29 39; 1967b: 131; Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Dussart, 1984a: 66; Apostolov, 1985: 149; Rouch, 1986: 337; Magalhães et al., 1988: 279; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 208. Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; groundwater in caatinga (dry scrub forest) near Rio Negro. Male unknown. Elaphoidella pintoae Reid & José, 1987 Description and diagnosis: Reid & José, 1987: 71. References: Reid & José, 1987: 71, figs. 2 12; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 217; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Brazil (GO). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; cave. Male unknown. Elaphoidella schubarti Chappuis, 1936 Synonymy: Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 197. Description and diagnosis: Chappuis, 1936: 455. References: Chappuis, 1936: 455, figs. 1-10 (as E. Schubarti); Schubart, 1938: 47 (as Ellaphoidella schubarti); Lang, 1948: 1170, fig. 463: 6; Chappuis, 1956b: 66 (as E. Schubarti); 1958: 148; Jakobi, 1960: 339; 1962: tab. 6; Kiefer, 1967a: 117; Löffler, 1972: 403, fig. 5; 1981: 16, tab. 1; Dussart, 1984a: 66; Apostolov, 1985: 150; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. G eographic distribution: ?Colombia and Brazil (AM, PE, GO, DF).
Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; moss. Elaphoidella suarezi Reid, 1987 Description and diagnosis: Reid, 1987: 263. References: Ebert, 1976: 290, pls. 89-90 [as Attheyella (Elaphoidella) bryobiota]; Reid, 1987: 263, figs. 21-33; 1988: 200, fig. 6c; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 216; Reid, 1990b: 184; 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Colombia and Brazil (BA, GO, DF). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; eutrophic lakes, tanks, and artificial containers. Male unknown. Synonym: Attheyella (Elaphoidella) bryobiota Ebert, 1976 (Reid, 1990b). Genus Epactophanes Mrázek, 1893 Epactophanes richardi Mrázek, 1893 Synonymy: Lang, 1948: 1026; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 128. Description and diagnosis: Mrázek, 1893: 108; Lang, 1948: 1026. References: Mrázek, 1893: 108, pl. 5, figs. 38-53; Lang, 1948: 1026, fig. 411; Jakobi, 1962: tab. 2; Löffler, 1981: 16, tab. 1; Dussart, 1984a: 66; Fallavena, 1985: 9; Reid, 1993(1994)b: 59, tab. 1. Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (AM, GO, DF, RS). Comments: Benthic in continental fresh waters; principally in mosses and moist soils. Genus Mesochra Boeck, 1865 Mesochra dulcicula Jakobi, 1956 Description and diagnosis: Jakobi, 1956: 164. References: Jakobi, 1956: 164, fig. 4; Gerlach, 1958: 670, tab. 6 (as M. dulcicola); Hamond, 1971: 14; Wells, 1976: 138 (as M. dulcicola); Bodin, 1979: 115; Dussart & Defaye, 1990: 81 (as M. dulcicola); Fiers & Rutledge, 1990: 113 (as M. dulcicola). Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal lagoon system; mud substrates. Male unknown. Mesochra paranaensis Jakobi, 1954 Description and diagnosis: Jakobi, 1954a: 229. References: Jakobi, 1954a: 229, fig. 15; Hamond, 1971: 14; Wells, 1976: 138; Bodin, 1979: 115; Fiers & Rutledge, 1990: 114. Geographic distribution: Brazil (PR). Comments: Benthic in brackish coastal waters; mud substrates. Male unknown. Mesochra stellfeldi Jakobi, 1954 Description and diagnosis: Jakobi, 1954a: 227. References: Jakobi, 1954a: 227, fig. 14; Hamond, 1971: 14; Wells, 1976: 138; Bodin, 1979: 115; Fiers & Rutledge, 1990: 114. |