Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)divisions: Symphyta (horntails, sawflies) Apocrita Aculeata
Apoidea Apidae (bumblebees, honey bees, stingless bees) Halictidae (sweat bees) Megachilidae (leaf-cutting bees) Sphecidae (mud-daubers, sand wasps, digger wasps) Oxybelus sp., paralyze flies and other insect prey; specmn 2005_085 Chrysidoidea Chrysididae (cuckoo wasps) Vespoidea Pompilidae (spider wasps) Vespidae (hornets, paper wasps, yellowjackets) Scoliidae small wasp parasitic on scarab beetles; specmn 2005_076 Formicidae (ants) Formicinae Ponerinae Myrmicinae Dorylinae Terebrantes Chalcidoidea Ichneumonoidea (parasitic) multiple .gif images of bees/wasps: http://www.chrysis.net/chrysis/intro/hosts.htm Hymenoptera except ants (bees, wasps)comments (JH): Honey bees are cultivated in northern Dogon country (e.g. Beni) by building hives either in trees or in rock hollows. Aside from a term for ‘honey bee’ (and terms for ‘honey’ and ‘honeycomb’), northern Dogon may have terms for the following: a) various tiny biting bees (resemble tiny flies) of families Apidae (Meliponinae), Halictidae, and/or Megachilidae; b) digger wasp Oxybelus sp. (attacks other insects); c) cuckoo wasp (Chysididae), a shiny metallic-green bee that buzzes around ceilings of houses and shelters during the daytime; d) the large mud-dauber wasps (guêpe-maçonnes) that build mud nests with single entrance in the roof of houses and shelters, primarily Delta emarginatum (blackish tinted blue) but also other Eumeninae; e) the yellow-and-black vespid wasp Polistes sp. (quick to sting) that makes open-celled papery nests in leaves; and f) the dark vespid wasp Belonogaster sp. that makes papery nests usually in rocks.
unidentified tiny apoidid bee on donkeys and cows specmn 2006_004b tiny bee sp. (?) that kills flies larger than itself 60260 [specmn 2005_056 (actually a vegetarian meliponid bee)] Apidae honey bee: Apis mellifera adansonii 60259 Meliponinae (vegetarian, may be confused with small biting flies) tiny bee in swarms 60261 specmn 2005_071 small meliponid bee that makes a little honey in wall cavities 60731 Halictidae tiny halictid (?) bee on donkeys and cows 60263 specmn 2006_004a
bee flying around in fields 60264 specmn 2006_022 bee that nests in fields 60265 specmn 2006_027 small bee sp. (“biter of lazy ones”) 60266 specmn 2005_086
Oxybelus sp. (digger wasp) 60268 notes: paralyzes flies and other insect prey specmn 2005_085 Chrysidoidea website: http://eny3005.ifas.ufl.edu/lab1/Hymenoptera/Chrysidid.htm Chrysididae (cuckoo wasps, external parasites of wasp/bee larvae) shiny-metallic green cuckoo wasp 60262 notes: buzzes around ceilings during daytime specmn 2005_089 Vespoidea Vespidae Eumeninae (solitary predators; mud-daubers; often considered a separate family: Eumenidae) Delta emarginatum 60271 notes: common mud-dauber wasp, buzzes around ceilings during daytime, slender waist specmn 2005_090 wasp with yellow-white spot on side specmn 2006_063 black wasp, specmn 2006_072 Polistinae (eusocial paper wasp; prey are masticated and fed to larvae, who produce a liquid that adults consume) Polistes sp. 60273 notes: yellow bands on brown, papery nest in leaves, painful sting specmn 2006_001 Belonogaster sp. 60272 notes: blackish; paperty nest in leaves or rocks specmn 2006_003 taxonomy: Belonogaster juncea is recorded for Mali Pompilidae (spider-wasps) mostly black; long-legged, solitary; larva grows in a spider paralysed by the adult; transverse groove dividing mesopleuron (in thorax) into halves Scoliidae (parasitic wasps) small parasitic wasp on scarab beetles 60267 specmn 2005_076
specmn 2011_006/006b Hymenoptera, Formicidae (ants)comments (JH). In addition to a general term for ‘ant’, northern Dogon generally name the following more specific types: a) the stinging black ant Pachycondyla sp., ubiquitous in sandy courtyards around houses, most unpleasant in the rainy season when the winged sexed forms appear, flying around at dawn and stinging everything in sight (late sleeper’s alarm clock); b) the yellow honey ant (Camponotus maculatus); and c) the army ant Messor sp. (huge colonies in fields, gathering grains from ground and stocking them in underground burrows. Some northern Dogon also know d) Camponotus sericeus, a sturdy black ant that is hard to slow down; and e) Cataglyphis spp., a group of long-legged, fast-moving black or red-and-black ants that dart around in sandy areas (the Saharan spp. of this genre are the object of interesting studies of insect navigation). f) Dorylus sp., the largest African ant Dorylinae Dorylus sp. largest ants in Africa, yellowish records: known at Kubewel (Najamba language) if correctly identified specmn 2006_071 Formicinae Camponotus spp. Camponotus (=Tanaemyrmex) maculatus (“honey ant”) records: this (or similar spp.) occurs throughout Mali notes: yellowish, fast-moving, often nocturnal, often around houses; winged forms (briefly in rainy season) resemble winged termites specmns 2004_010, 2005_045, 2006_032, 2006_054, 2006_055 Camponotus (=Orthonotomyrmex) sericeus notes: black, rugged (hard to stun) specmn 2005_059 Cataglyphis spp. notes: fast-moving (darting), very long-legged, rump raised, mostly black (or black and reddish), often in sand (some species common in Sahara). http://www.zool.unizh.ch/static/neurobiology/people/rwehner/bombycina.html Cataglyphis sp. 1 60250 notes: red and black (verify colors) specmn 2005_058 Cataglyphis sp. 2 60249 notes: black, very long legs, very fast, on sand records: this and similar spp. seen in Douentza, Boni, and Gao Myrmicinae Messor sp. 60251 records: common throughout Dogon country, especially in the plains notes: army ants, granivorous, construct large concave nest holes in sand specmn 2004_001 Ponerinae Pachycondyla sp. records: common in northern and central Mali notes: black ants, have a very painful sting, common in sand around houses; flying (sexed) forms often bite without provocation (called "lazy person's alarm clock" since they fly around in early morning specmn 2004_002 website: ants of Africa: http://antbase.org/ants/africa/contents.htm Mali records from antbase (05.07 and later) Dorylus: D. aethiopicus, D. burmeisteri, D. affinis (many), D. fimbriatus Camponotus: C. vestitus [red and black] (many), C. sericeus [red and black] (many); C. maculatus [Bamako] Cataglyphis: C. bombycinus (many), C. congolensis (also Niger, Chad, Senegal) Messor: M. collingwoodi [Tessalit, also Niger] (also Chad), M. galla [nocturnal, Gao] (many, also Burkina, Niger, Chad, Senegal) Pachycondyla: P. (=Mesoponera) ingesta [Timbuktu], P. (=Trachymesopus) darwinii (P. sennaarensis for Senegal)
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