Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country
|
|  Yüklə 282.5 Kb.
|
| Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country.
Compiled by Jeffrey Heath, Linguistics, University of Michigan March 2009 version This informal guide is compiled from the literature, online resources, and identifications of our specimens from northern Dogon country collected or photographed during the Dogon linguistic project. The guide is intended primarily for the use of linguistic fieldworkers, but if it is useful to others working in the area so much the better. The insect specimen identifications were mostly done by H.-P. Aberlenc and colleagues at CIRAD-Montpellier (France). Aberlenc also took, for our use, numerous photos of specimens from the CIRAD collection and a few of my own specimens. The notes include species (particularly crop pests and disease vectors) that are not necessarily present in northern Dogon country but may occur farther south. File names in green refer to our photos (“....JH.jpg” if taken by me or under my direction, “...HPA.jpg” if taken for us by Aberlenc). Links to other websites are also given (some will become obselete with time.) Like the other guides in this project, we hope to make additions and corrections as the project continues. Where insect larvae are very distinct from adults (imagos), so that natives do not usually make the connection between the two, the larvae are treated as a separate "larvae" category at the end of the notes. This applies particularly to larvae and caterpillars of Lepidoptera = butterflies, and larvae of Diptera = flies and of Coleoptera = beetles. Northern Dogon are particularly interested in grasshoppers (most of which are named at the level of species, or groups of closely related species), and least interested in (adult) butterflies (which are usually not differentiated terminologically). They also have a good knowledge of beetles/bugs and of larvae (particularly agricultural and animal pests). send comments/corrections to: schweinehaxen@hotmail.com website with links to various entomology resources: http://www.chrysis.net/variae/info/links.htm approximate taxonomic hierarchy: Lophotrochozoa Mollusca
Arthropoda Chelicerata Arachnida Acari
Acarina (mites and ticks) Trombidiidae (velvet mites) Ixodidae (ticks) Araneae (spiders) Scorpiones (scorpions) Solifugae (wind scorpions) Myriapoda Chilopoda (centipedes) Diplopoda (millipedes) Crustacea (crustaceans) Hexapoda Insecta (insects) Aperygota (includes bristletails) Pterygota (most insects) on the hierarchy, which is subject to revision, cf. Wikipedia and the following websites: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Insecta.html Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca (molluscs)comment (JH): Molluscs are generally of little interest to Dogon and montane Songhay. Snails are familiar but speakers may struggle to find a native name. Mussel shells are used as scrapers. Dogon who are familiar with rock pools may know (tiny) bladder snails. Molluscs are not normally eaten in Dogon country. reference: David S. Brown. 1994. Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. 2nd ed. (first ed. 1980). CRC Press. Mollusca, Bivalvia, Palaeoheterodonta (various spp.) freshwater mussel a. live, in watercourses 60589 b. shells, used as scrapers 60588 Mollusca, Gastropoda (various families) snails 60590 Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Physidae (bladder snails) [some spp. may really belong to closely related group Planorbidae, Bulininae] bladder snail sp. 60591 notes: tiny mollusc with soft shell, coiling to a pointed tip; sinistral (left-turned, i.e. if the tip is up and you turn it so the opening faces you, the opening is on the left); no operculum (hardened circular element that closes the opening of snails and other shells when soft parts are withdrawn); often floats in stagnant pools specimen 1006.081 (from rock pool at Beni) taxonomy: African genera of this family are Physa, Physella, Aplexa. Taxonomy is in flux. Aplexa waterloti is a West African sp. Some physid spp. are invasive (introduced by humans). description and image: Wikipedia (Physidae)
Cypraea moneta (cowry shell) 60587 Traditionally used in West Africa as currency, now used in jewely and hairstyles (marine shells not native to the area) many web images
Chelicerata, Arachnida
|