Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country
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IsopteraTermitidae (termites)comments (JH): Northern Dogon are familiar with termite mounds (termitaries) in the bush. Termites of course are a problem for builders and artisans, who must use termite-proof wood as a building material and for wooden bowls and similar implements. In the rainy season, winged termites appear en masse and fly around aimlessly for a few days; some northern Dogon children eat them. So there are likely to be terms for ‘(ordinary) wood-eating termite’, ‘termite mound’, and ‘winged termite’. Winged termited may be confused with equally seasonal winged forms of large ants (Camponotus, Dorylus). classification here is by behavior and wingedness a) regular (unwinged) termites that eat wood and/or fabric termite that eats wood 60454 termite that eats fabric, often in houses 60659 termite that makes large mounds (termitaries) in the outback 60455 termite that digs in earth (not building a mound) 60660 b) winged termites (emerge and swarm during rainy season) winged termites (all varieties) large edible winged termite Macrotermes subhyalinus 60452 note: tends to swarm around dusk specmns 2006_005, 2005_044 mid-sized edible winged termite 60451 notes: darker, s.t. called "blacksmith winged termite"; tends to swarm in daylight small ephemeral winged termite that gets into people's eyes 60450 termite that is growing wings but is not yet able to fly 60456
Lepidoptera (butterflies)Lepidoptera suborder unplaced Arctidae Ditrysia
Macrolepidoptera Noctuioidea Noctuidae (owlet moths) Lymantriidae (incl. tussock moths) Pyraloidea Pyralidae (snout-moths) Bombycoidea Saturniidae (various giant moths) Sphingidae (hawk moths or sphinx moths) Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Pieridae
Papilionidae Tineoidea Psychidae (bagworm moths)
Busseola fusca (maize stem-borer); East Africa (high altitudes), Cameroun Heliocheilus albipunctella (millet head-miner, see "larvae" and "crop pests") Pyralidae (snout-moths) Coniesta ignefusalis (millet stem-borer), larvae attack pearl millet; see “crop pests” Chilo partellus (spotted stem-borer), introduced, coming from E Africa Eldana saccharina, attacks sugar cane and maize Mussidia nigrivenella Saturniidae (giant moths) Sphingidae (hawk moths or sphinx moths) rapid, sustained flight (hence narrow wings and streamlined abdomen) Agrius convolvuli (convolvulus hawk moth) 60335 notes: noisy (flaps wings with humming sound, attracted to lights at night); migratory, Africa-Europe-Asia, some color variation, local variety mostly grey as adult, see also under “larvae” below specmn 2006_066 (adult) Nymphalidae brightly colored; front legs reduced (look “four-legged”); Pieridae often white or yellow, often engage in mud-puddling, wings typically held together erectly in sail-like fashion; forelegs well-developed, tarsal claws bifid, radial vein on forewing with 3-4 branches white sp. with darker veins, in large swarms in Boscia senegalensis etc., Kikara Papilionidae (swallowtail butterflies) colorful, adults often with tails Psychidae larvae form cases out of silk and available materials, either fixed on trees or mobile; only adult males ever leave the case, in mating flight
Mantodea (mantises)comments (JH): There is a general term for ‘mantis’ in each northern Dogon language, primarily denoting the usual slow-moving long thin blunt-headed green or brown mantises found on vegetation, of which there are many species (particularly in family Mantidae). Speakers at Beni also had special compound terms for two unusual types: Empusa (a small fast-moving brown mantis with a pointed extension on its head), and Eremiaphila (an usually fat brown mantis). Eremiaphilidae Eremiaphila reticulata 60446 records: fairly common in northern Dogon country notes: fat brown mantis sp., sometimes terminologically merged with wind scorpions (Solifugae) specmn 2006_078 (and others)
Empusa guttula 60445 notes: small fast-moving brown mantis in fields with point on head
typical praying mantises 60447 (various brown and green types observed)
Neoptera, Phthiraptera (lice)louse (general term) 60461 human head louse 60679 human body louse (larger than head louse, in clothing) 60680 louse egg (nit) 60462 Neuroptera[in addition to antlions, also includes lacewings and similar insects] Myrmeleontidae (antlions)[adults resemble dragonflies; for larvae (terrestrial, with pincers) see "larvae" section below] Odonata (dragon- and damselflies) vs. Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae (antlions): adult Odonata are generally diurnal, have no easily visible antennae, have two roughly parallel sets of wings, and hold the wings away from the body at rest; adult antlions are mainly crepuscular or nocturnal, have prominent antennae, have the attachment points of the two sets of wings rather close with the rear wings angled backwards, and hold the wings folded flat over the abdomen or held tentlike over the body comments (JH): several spp. of ant-lions, each with its own unique coloration, have been seen in the area. Northern Dogon generally have a generic term for the category, somtimes a compound including the basic term for ‘grasshopper’, and do not distinguish species. Adult ant-lions are dragonfly-like flying insects with two pairs of large, usually brightly colored wings. The wings are broad (much broader than for dragonflies) but taper to a narrow base. The base of the rear wings is close to that of the front wings but the rear wings are angled back. Creoleon Creoleon africanus 60256 notes: wings hyaline (uncolored) Palpares Palpares furfuraceus 60257 notes: colored wings |