Gre阅读真题200篇 brief contents
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Traditional research has confrontedTraditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter (a grant or guarantee of rights, franchises, or privileges from the sovereign power of a state or country) minority on our own land. When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800’s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820’s, United States citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culminating in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-American modes of thought and action in order to survive. 17. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to (A) suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in Texas (B) document certain early objectives of Mexican-American society (C) provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American culture (D) appeal to both Mexican and United States scholars to give greater consideration to economic interpretations of history（C） (E) bring to light previously overlooked research on Mexican Americans 18. The author most probably uses the phrase “charter minority” (lines 6-7) to reinforce the idea that Mexican Americans (A) are a native rather than an immigrant group in the United States (B) played an active political role when Texas first became part of the United States (C) recognized very early in the nineteenth century the need for official confirmation of their rights of citizenship (D) have been misunderstood by scholars trying to interpret their culture（A） (E) identify more closely with their Indian heritage than with their Spanish heritage 19. According to the passage, a major difference between the colonization policy of the United States and that of Mexico in Texas in the 1800’s was the (A) degree to which policies were based on tradition (B) form of economic interdependency between different cultural groups (C) number of people who came to settle new areas (D) treatment of the native inhabitants（D） (E) relationship between the military and the settlers 20. Which of the following statements most clearly contradicts the information in this passage? (A) In the early 1800’s, the Spanish committed more resources to settling California than to developing Texas. (B) While Texas was under Mexican control, the population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the fact that Mexico discouraged immigration from the United States. (C) By the time Mexico acquired Texas, many Indians had already married people of Spanish heritage. (D) Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to Mexico after Texas was annexed by the United States.（E） (E) Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish acculturation and were either killed or enslaved.
Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of (in the presence of: adv.在面前) others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family (extended family: 大家庭,扩大的家庭(如数代同堂的家庭)) groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one’s family or, by extension, preserving one’s self. 23. If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of others who are not also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that (A) had always had a plentiful supply of food (B) emphasized the need to share worldly goods (C) had a nomadic rather than an agricultural way of life (D) emphasized the value of privacy（A） (E) discouraged overindulgence 24. The author’s hypothesis concerning the origin of taboos against watching other people eat emphasizes the (A) general palatability of food (B) religious significance of food (C) limited availability of food (D) various sources of food（C） (E) nutritional value of food 25. According to the passage, the author believes that past attempts to explain some taboos concerning eating are (A) unimaginative (B) implausible (C) inelegant (D) incomplete（D） (E) unclear 26. In developing the main idea of the passage, the author does which of the following? (A) Downplays earlier attempts to explain the origins of a social prohibition. (B) Adapts a scientific theory and applies it to a spiritual relationship. (C) Simplifies a complex biological phenomenon by explaining it in terms of social needs. (D) Reorganizes a system designed to guide personal behavior.（A） (E) Codifies earlier, unsystematized conjectures about family life.
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