Gre阅读真题200篇 brief contents
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The recent change to all-volunteerThe recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected. This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations. A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem certain to arise. The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for women to become involved in novel types of noncombat military assignments. 17. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present an overview of the different types of assignments available to women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces (B) present a reasoned (reasoned: adj.详尽论述的, 理由充分的) prognosis of the status of women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces (C) present the new United States all-volunteer armed forces as a model case of equal employment policies in action (D) analyze reforms in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces necessitated by the increasing number of women in the military（B） (E) analyze the use of functional equivalence as a substitute for occupational equality in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces 18. According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces’ commitment to occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women’s (A) receiving equal pay for equal work (B) having access to positions of responsibility at most levels (C) drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments than before (D) benefiting from opportunities arising from new noncombat functions（E） (E) being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men 19. The passage implies that which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past? (A) The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces (B) The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent to men’s assignments (C) The level of awareness on the part of the larger society of military issues (D) A decline in the proportion of deterrence oriented noncombat assignments（A） (E) Restrictive past policies governing the military assignments open to women 20. The “dramatic gains for women” and the attitude of a “significant portion of the larger society” are logically related to each other inasmuch as (inasmuch as: 因为, 由于) the author puts forward the latter as (A) a public response to achievement of the former (B) the major reason for absence of the former (C) a precondition for any prospect of achieving the former (D) a catalyst for a further extension of the former（B） (E) a reason for some of the former being lost again
Although the development of new infrastructure (such public facilities as power plants, schools, and bridges) is usually determined by governmental planning, sometimes this development can be planned more flexibly and realistically by private investors who anticipate profit from the collection of user fees. Such profits can contribute to the financing of more infrastructure if demand proves great enough, whereas (whereas: conj.然而, 反之) the reluctance of developers to invest in such projects can signal that additional infrastructure is not needed. During the economic boom of the 1980’s, for example, the state of Virginia authorized private developers to build a $300 million toll road (toll road: 收费公路). These developers obtained the needed right-of-way from property owners, but by 1993 they still had not raised the necessary financing. The unwillingness of investors to finance this project does not negate the viability of privately financed roads; rather, it illustrates a virtue of private financing. If a road appears unlikely to attract enough future traffic to pay for the road, then it should not be built. 24. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) build a case for increasing the development of new infrastructure (B) advocate an alternative to government financing of infrastructure (C) explain the failure of a privately financed venture (D) suggest the types of infrastructure most appropriate for private financing（B） (E) argue against government restrictions on developing new infrastructure 25. The passage implies that the “governmental planning” may lead to which of the following problems? (A) Improper use of profits derived from user fees (B) Unduly slow development of necessary new infrastructure (C) Unrealistic decisions about developing new infrastructure (D) Incorrect predictions about profits to be gained from user fees（C） (E) Obstruction of private financing for the development of new infrastructure 26. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the toll road? (A) After it was built, it attracted too little traffic to pay for its construction. (B) It was partially financed by the state of Virginia. (C) Its development was authorized during an economic boom. (D) Its construction was controversial among local residents.（C） (E) Its developers were discouraged by governmental restrictions on acquiring the necessary land. 27. The passage suggests that which of the following would occur if a privately financed bridge that proved to be profitable failed after a number of years to meet the demands of traffic? (A) Private developers who financed the bridge would rely on governmental authorities to develop new infrastructure. (B) User fees would be increased so that usage would become more costly. (C) Governmental authorities would be reluctant to rely on private contractors to develop a new bridge. (D) The success of the project would be jeopardized by public dissatisfaction with the project’s adequacy.（E） (E) Profits generated by user fees would be used to help finance the construction of new infrastructure to alleviate the traffic problem.
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