Global environment facility governments of colombia, ecuador, peru and venezuela

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7.3Incremental Cost

The total estimated value of the baseline amounts to US$ 15,483,520. The sum of all contributions to the GEF alternative (baseline + GEF + co-financing) totals US$ 34,207,743. The difference between the alternative and the baseline amounts to US$ 18,724,224, which represents the total incremental cost of assuring globally significant environmental benefits. This will be funded by a GEF contribution of US$ 8,191,850 and by non-GEF sources in the form of co-financing in the amount of US$ 10,532,374. For further detail refer to the Incremental Cost Analysis in Annex 2.

8.Monitoring, evaluation and dissEmination

General project progress will be monitored using annual reviews of impact and operation indicators. Monitoring will be continuous, involving data collection and assessment of the project’s field implementation and will involve the Coordination Committee meeting periodically (four times per year) to agree and review operations and field implementation and assess whether new priorities require a shift in the project’s implementation. The SC will meet once a year to assess the project’s progress against planned outputs, to give strategic directions to the implementation of the project and to ensure the necessary inter-agency coordination. Executing agency staff, the project coordinator and UNEP, will undertake regular field visits to the nine sites. Half year Progress Reports reflecting all aspects of project implementation will be prepared by the Projects' CCU and submitted to the SC for review and recommendations. Annual Project Reports will be prepared by the CCU and submitted to the SC through the implementing agency. These reports shall assess the performance of the project and the status of achievement of project outputs and their contribution to the relevant UNEP Strategic Results Framework Outcomes. The project will be subject to an external audit to be conducted by an internationally recognized organization or an independent auditor engaged by UNEP in consultation with the CONDESAN. The project shall be subject to two independent external evaluations during its lifetime (after three years and at the end of the project).

Within the first weeks of project execution, an internal communication system will be agreed upon and implemented to assure an efficient information flow among sites, components and stakeholders. At the PIS, stakeholders will meet regularly to agree on the development, the implementation and the financing of the PMP. They will elaborate quaternary reports in a standardized format that will be collected at central level and edited into a "Paramo newsletter" that will be distributed among all sites and stakeholders. Internally (among project executers) the intranet that started functioning during the PDF-B phase will continue to operate for the publication of progress reports, publication drafts, logframe tracking etc.

UNEP’s logframe tracking tool will be applied to monitor the performance of project execution. The project presents indicators for immediate objectives and project outputs, including their means of verification, which are all included in the Logical Framework (see logframe matrix; Annex 1). Those responsible for data gathering of each verification tool are:

Indicator	Means of Verification	Responsible for data gathering	Comments
Development goal
Conservation status in Paramo improved over baseline.	Assessment of Polylepis scrub, mires and cushion bogs in a selected series of sites at start and end of project	UCC in collaboration with international NGOs	Conservation status refers to diversity of plant and animal species, extension, connectivity. Relatively well known vegetation units will be monitored at a selected series of sites (PIS and others). Rapid assessments will be executed at the beginning of the project (baseline) and at the end. In this, member organizations will be involved to continue monitoring after the end of project
Immediate objective
At the end of the project, the area without negative human impact has stabilized or is larger as compared to baseline, in all of the project intervention sites.^¹⁷	Conservation status maps (land use & biodiversity) of Paramo sites at start, mid term and end of project.	NEA	Baseline includes business as usual scenario (existing trends in human impact) which is established during PDF-B. Negative human impact refers to activities that involve large scale land use, fire, unsustainable biomass extraction, or advancement of agricultural frontier (encroachment). Detailed maps are available for most PIS; these will be standardized and updated at the beginning of the project.
At the end of the project, activities of low negative or positive impact on biodiversity are in execution in human intervened areas in at least two-thirds of the project intervention sites^¹⁸.	GEF & UNEP commissioned reviews	Condesan in coordination with external reviewers	Contracted external project review missions
At the end of the project, lessons from the project on Paramo management, policy development, capacity building or information management, with help of external stakeholders and financial resources have been adopted in at least one other site per country.	Progress reports of implementation of management plans at project sites and others.	NEA, after consultation with site coordinators	Other sites are Paramo sites not covered by this project. NEA will communicate with site coordinators of PIS and other sites to receive progress reports on implementation at other scales and sites.
Component 1
A participative management plan agreed by local stakeholders in all project intervention sites, three years after the start of the project.	Report on implementation of PMP Land use maps (year one, year two and end of project) of each site.	NEA together with site coordinators	PMP are considered processes that guide, implement and evaluate site management. A report documents this process.
At the end of the project, formal conservation agreements have initiated in at least half of the project intervention sites and in at least one site per country.^¹⁹	Statements of conservation agreements.	NEA, after consultation with site coordinators	Agreements should comply with local norms that have strong social legitimacy even if they are not legal. Conservation agreements can be protected areas (any category recognized by local or national legislation) no-use agreement (refers to any size area where no direct use is allowed by common agreement).
At the end of the project, at least 20% of all production units (farms) of all project intervention sites are testing novel sustainable management practices.^²⁰	Surveys among local stakeholders directed at their productive activities in year one, year three and end of project.	NEA	Novel productive activities are activities that were not locally present or fully developed at the site before the start of the project. “Sustainable management practices" refer to productive activities that (a) do not involve large scale land use, fire, unsustainable biomass extraction, or advancement of agricultural frontier; and (b) in areas below Paramo that explicitly reduce land use pressure in Paramo (e.g. intensification of livestock production in lower zones or ecotourism activities).
Component 2
At each of the project intervention sites, policy instruments (economic, legislative, regulative) that assure the implementation of management plans have been agreed upon and implemented by local and regional stakeholders, three years after the start of the project.	Documentation on policy instruments at different levels (government decisions, external evaluation, etc.).	NEA	NEA will be in continuous contact with different governmental levels and document policy instruments
At the end of the project, in each of the four countries, at least two initiatives to implement participatory identified key policies to support conservation and sustainable use of Paramo are being conducted.^²¹	Description of initiatives at national level to implement key policies	NEA and focal points	Initiatives refer to projects, programs or strategies to implement policies. NEA are in continuous contact with focal points that execute these initiatives.
At the end of the project, an international plan of action for Paramo has been accepted by the Andean Community and by the four countries´ environmental authorities.^²²	Decision of CAN on plan of action for Paramo	CCU	The international plan of action includes synergies between international conventions and agreements. Through a collaboration agreement, the CCU will be in continuous contact with CAN to promote and evaluate strategies and plans.
Codes of conduct for relevant sectors established and functioning in at least two sectors (agriculture plus one more) at the end of the project	Survey of use of reference text with codes of conduct for relevant sectors	Technical adviser at CCU	Codes of conduct are technical guidelines for relevant sectors (agriculture, cattle raising, forestry, tourism, mining, public works, etc.) that adjust their activities in Paramo. Technical Adviser at CCU on policy development and policy instruments will coordinate the elaboration of the reference text and elaborate a survey on its use.
Component 3
A representative set of members of the three main target groups of the training program have increased their capacity to sustainably manage Paramo by at least 50% (scorecard value) after participation in basic capacity program.	Pre and post evaluation of participants in capacity building programs with a tailor made scorecard.	Technical adviser at CCU	Technical Adviser at CCU on training, education and communication prepares and applies tailor made scorecard to participants in training program.
During the execution of the project, at least half of the participants in basic capacity programs have visited other Paramo areas and farmer communities to interchange experiences at Andean level.	Reports on visits to other areas by participants in training program	Technical adviser at CCU	Technical Adviser at CCU on training, education and communication documents reports of interchange of participants in training programs in logbook.
Identified experiences in Paramo management with positive environmental impact have been included or strengthened in daily practice of at least half of the participants in basic capacity programs during the project^²³	Target groups survey (start, mid term and end of project) about the application of evaluated experiences	Technical adviser at CCU	Experiences with positive environmental impact originate from local and traditional knowledge and best lessons learned with innovative practices. Technical Adviser at CCU on training, education and communication develops and executes target group surveys.
Component 4
At the end of the project, at least 27 education centers, related to the project intervention sites have included formal and non-formal education projects and activities on the Paramo ecosystem.^²⁴	Pre and post evaluation of participants in environmental education programs (scorecard)	Technical adviser at CCU	Education centers are at primary, secondary and superior level. Non formal education refers to education that is not part of formal curriculum. Technical Adviser at CCU on training, education and communication prepares and applies tailor made scorecard to participants in environmental education program
At the end of the project, a representative set of rural and urban population related to Paramo has increased their knowledge of Paramo ecology and management by at least 50% (scorecard value)^²⁵.	Target groups survey (start, mid term and end of project) about use of information.	Technical adviser at CCU	Technical Adviser at CCU on training, education and communication develops and executes target group surveys.
Selected groups of key decision makers have been provided with information responding to their identified demands during the project.	Target group surveys	CCU	Key decision makers include central governments, donors, conservation and development project managers, farmer groups, etc.
At the end of the project, the Paramo Information Mechanism is fully connected to Clearing House Mechanisms in the Andean countries.	Survey of use of Paramo Information Mechanism at year three and end of project, including monthly count of hits on website	CCU	CCU as administrator of Paramo Information mechanism develops and executes surveys on use of PIM.
Component 5
An institutional alliance consisting of executing agencies and local stakeholders of the project and external stakeholders, have adopted a commonly designed strategy consisting of (1) lessons identified, (2) a list of potential sites and stakeholders, and (3) an execution timetable for replication	Minutes of meetings of institutional alliances.	CCU and NEA	CCU (international) and NEA (national) are members of institutional alliances and will take care of elaboration and provision of minutes of meetings.
	Interinstitutional agreements on replication strategy.	CCU and NEA	CCU (international) and NEA (national) will document agreements on replications strategy

The dissemination of the results, experience and publications of the project is guaranteed by the communication and information component: all other components will provide the deliverables to be used in environmental education, public awareness raising, communication to decision makers and the databases in the PIM. Special attention will be paid to the dissemination of experiences to other Paramo areas and management levels in the replication component.

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: Logical Framework Matrix

ANNEX 2: Incremental Cost Analysis

ANNEX 3: Endorsements

ANNEX 4: Site selection, description and action plan development

ANNEX 5: Low-impact Land-use practices in Paramos

ANNEX 6: Participants in the Project (PDF-B)

ANNEX 7: Institutional résumés of executing agencies

ANNEX 8: Map of Paramo areas

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