Draft pest risk analysis report for ‘
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7 ConclusionT  he findings of this draft PRA report are based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant scientific and other appropriate literature.
Biosecurity Australia considers that the risk management measures proposed in this draft PRA report will achieve Australia’s appropriate level of protection against the pests identified in this risk analysis. Various risk management measures may be suitable to manage the risk of ‘Ca. L. psyllaurous’ in the pathways associated with the import of solanaceous fruit into Australia. Biosecurity Australia will consider any other measures suggested by stakeholders that provide an equivalent level of phytosanitary protection Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendices Appendices Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Convolvulaceae | ||||
|
Convolvulus arvensis L. |
Field bindweed |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
No (C10285) |
|
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. |
Sweet potato, Kumara |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7383, C7384, C7300) |
|
Ipomoea purpurea |
Morning glory |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
NA |
|
Lamiaceae | ||||
|
Mentha spicata L. |
Spearmint |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7328, C7329, C7300) |
|
Micromeria chamissonis (Benth.) Greene |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
NA |
|
Solanaceae | ||||
|
Atropa belladonna L. |
Deadly nightshade, Bella Donna |
Unknown |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7301, C7302, C7300) |
|
Capsicum annuum L. |
Capsicum, Pepper |
Breeding host. This species supports large populations of the psyllid (NZCOP 2008) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
No |
|
Capsicum frutescens L. |
Chilli |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
No |
|
Datura fastuosa L. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
No (C7172) |
|
Datura inoxia Mill. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Haegi 1976) |
No (C7172) |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Datura meteloides Dunal |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Haegi 1976) |
No (C7172) |
|
Datura stramonium L. |
Jimsonweed, Thornapple |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Haegi 1976) |
No (C7172) |
|
Hyoscyamus albus L. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7301, C7302, C7300) |
|
Hyoscyamus niger L. |
Henbane |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7301, C7302, C7300) |
|
Lycium andersonii A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium exsertum A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium fremontii A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium halimifolium Mill. |
Matrimony vine |
Breeding host (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium macrodon A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium pallidum Miers |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium parishii A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium quadrifidum Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
|
Lycium torreyi A. Gray |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Fukuda et al. 2001) |
NA |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill [synonyms: Solanum lycopersicum L., Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H. Karst.] |
Tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (APNI 2008) |
No |
|
Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill |
Currant tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
No |
|
Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. |
Apple of Peru |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Hawton 1976) |
Yes (C7301, C7302, C7300) |
|
Nicotiana affinis Moore |
Flowering tobacco |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
No |
No (C6066) |
|
Nicotiana glutinosa L. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (APNI 2008) |
No (C6066) |
|
Nicotiana tabacum L. |
Tobacco |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Panchamuk hi 2000) |
No (C6066) |
|
Nicotiana texana Maxim. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
No (C6066) |
|
Nierembergia hippomanica Miers |
Cup flower |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Richardson et al. 2006) |
Yes (C7301, C7302, C7300) |
|
Physalis angulata L. |
Cut leaf ground-cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Bean 2006) |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis comata Rydb. |
Wild ground- cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult(Wallis 1955) |
No (Bean 2006) |
NA |
|
Physalis franchetti Mast. |
Chinese lantern |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (APNI 2008) |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis heterophylla Nees |
Clammy ground-cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
No (Bean 2006) |
No |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem. [synonym: Physalis philadelphica Lam.] |
Tomatillo |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Bean 2006) |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis lanceolata Michx. |
|
Breeding host (Wallis 1955) |
No (Bean 2006) |
No |
|
Physalis lobata Torr. |
Purple ground- berry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
No |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis longifolia Nutt. |
Longleaf ground-cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Bean 2006) |
NA |
|
Physalis mollis Nutt. |
Longleaf ground-cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
No (Bean 2006) |
NA |
|
Physalis peruviana L. |
Cape gooseberry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Samuel et al. 1930) |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis pruinosa L. |
Husk tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7427, C7300, C18152) |
|
Physalis rotundata Rydb. |
Longleaf ground-cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
No (Bean 2006) |
NA |
|
Solanum aviculare G. Forst. |
Bullibulli |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Subroto and Dolan 1994) |
Yes (C7436, ) C18152 |
|
Solanum baylisii Geras. |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum betaceum Cav. [synonym: Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.] |
Tamarillo |
Breeding host (NZCOP 2008) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schauer |
Jerusalem cherry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Radford et al. 1994) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Solanum carolinense L. |
Ball nightshade, Bull nettle, Horse nettle, Devil’s tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum citrullifolium A. Braun |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (Randall 2007) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. |
White horse- nettle, Silver- leaf nightshade |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (Kidston et al. 2007) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum gracile Sendtn. |
Velvety nightshade |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
No |
|
Solanum jamesii Torr. |
Wild potato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum melongena L. |
Eggplants, Aubergine |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum mexicanum Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum nigrum |
Wonderberry, Black nightshade, Blackberry nightshade, Garden huckleberry |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum pyracanthum Jacq. |
Porcupine tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum racemigerum Zodda |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum rostratum Dunal |
Buffalo-bur |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
No |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix A
|
Host |
Common name |
Host association |
Present in Australia |
ICON conditions for Nursery stock |
|
Solanum sanitwongsei Craib |
|
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
No |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. |
Viscid nightshade, Sticky nightshade |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum triflorum Nutt. |
Wild tomato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
|
Solanum tuberosum L. |
Potato |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Wallis 1955) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7322, C7323, C7300) |
|
Solanum villosum Mill. |
Hair nightshade |
Oviposit, complete its nymphal development and emerge as normal adult (Knowlton and Thomas 1934) |
Yes (AVH 2008) |
Yes (C7436, C18152) |
NA - These species are prohibited entry into Australia by legislation pending an assessment
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Appendix B