Draft pest risk analysis report for ‘
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|  Yüklə 6.59 Mb.
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ay 2009
his draft pest risk analysis report has been issued to give all interested parties an opportunity to comment and draw |
Telephone: |
+61 2 6272 5094 |
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Facsimile: |
+61 2 6272 3307 |
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Email: |
plant@biosecurity.gov.au |
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Internet: |
www.biosecurityaustralia.gov.au |
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Contents
Contents
Acronyms and abbreviations 8
Summary 10
1 Introduction 12
1.1 Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 12
1.2 This pest risk analysis 12
1.2.1 Background 12
1.2.2 Scope 13
1.2.3 Existing policy 14
2 Method for pest risk analysis 16
2.1 Stage 1: Initiation 16
2.2 Stage 2: Pest risk assessment 16
2.2.1 Pest categorisation 16
2.2.2 Assessment of the probability of entry, establishment and spread 17
2.2.3 Assessment of potential consequences 20
2.2.4 Estimation of the unrestricted risk 23
2.2.5 Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP) 24
2.3 Stage 3: Pest risk management 24
3 Pathways 26
3.1 Pathway 1 – Fruit (including seed) 26
3.2 Pathway 2 – Potato tubers 26
3.3 Pathway 3 – Nursery stock 26
3.4 Pathway 4 – Tomato-potato psyllid 27
4 Pest information 28
4.1 Summary 28
4.2 ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ 28
4.2.1 Psyllid yellows 28
4.3 Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ and Bactericera cockerelli 31
4.4 Transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ 32
4.4.1 Psyllid transmission 32
4.4.2 Graft transmission 34
4.4.3 Dodder transmission 34
4.4.4 Seed transmission 34
4.4.5 Mechanical transmission 35
5 Risk assessments for pathways 36
5.1.1 Pathway 1 – Fruit (including seed) 36
5.1.2 Pathway 2 – Potato tubers 38
5.1.3 Pathway 3 – Nursery stock 40
5.1.4 Pathway 4 – Tomato-potato psyllid 42
5.1.5 Overall probability of entry 45
5.2 Probability of establishment 46
5.3 Probability of spread 47
5.4 Overall probability of entry, establishment and spread 48
5.5 Consequences 48
5.6 Unrestricted risk 50
5.7 Risk assessment conclusion 50
6 Pest risk management 52
61. Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures 52
6.1.1 Potato tubers 53
6.1.2 Nursery stock 53
6.1.3 Infected tomato-potato psyllids 55
6.2 Operational systems for the maintenance and verification of phytosanitary status 56
7 Conclusion 61
Appendix A: Known hosts of the tomato–potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) 63
Appendix B: New Zealand Code of Practice for the Management of the Tomato/Potato Psyllid in Greenhouse Tomato and Capsicum Crops 69
Appendix C: Australia’s Biosecurity Policy Framework 89
Glossary 94
References 98
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Contents
Tables
Draft pest risk analysis report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ in fresh fruit, potato tubers, nursery stock and its vector the tomato-potato psyllid 1
Acronyms and abbreviations 8
Summary 10
1 Introduction 12
2 Method for pest risk analysis 16
3 Pathways 26
4 Pest information 28
5 Risk assessments for pathways 36
6 Pest risk management 52
7 Conclusion 61
Appendix A: Known hosts of the tomato–potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) 63
Appendix B: New Zealand Code of Practice for the Management of the Tomato/Potato Psyllid in Greenhouse Tomato and Capsicum Crops 69
Appendix C: Australia’s Biosecurity Policy Framework 89
Glossary 94
References 98
Figures
F
igure 4.1: Symptoms of psyllid yellows in tomato plants (MAFBNZ 2008) 29
Figure 4.2: Symptoms of psyllid yellows in capsicum plants (Liefting et al. 2009) 30
Figure 4.3: Foliar scorching and premature tuber sprouting symptoms of psyllid yellows in potato plants (Secor 2006; Cranshaw 2004) 30
Figure 4.4: Symptoms of zebra chip disease develop when potato chips are fried (Munyaneza et al. 2007) 31
Figure 4.5: Distribution of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ and Bactericera cockerelli 32
Figure 4.6: Bactericera cockerelli adult, nymphs and eggs (UCIPM 2009) 34
Draft PRA report for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’ Acronyms and abbreviations