Yes: This species causes brown basal rot of Lilium spp. bulbs. Affected stem and lower leaves become yellow and die. Plants become stunted and of poor quality (UC IPM 2009).
No: This fungus is disseminated by mycelia, conidia and/or chlamydospores carried in soil, on bulbs, dust, equipment, shoes, packing crates, by surface drainage water, and rarely by seed (Burgess 1981, Linderman 1981, Smith et al. 1988). The likelihood it will be distributed from cut flowers in a viable state to a susceptible host is low.
|
Yes: F. oxysporum f. sp. lilii host range extends to Lilium, Freesia, Crocus and Cereus spp. (Horst 2008).
|
No
|
Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg
[Hypocreales : Nectriaceae]
basal rot
|
Yes (Huang et al. 1992, Wu et al. 1998)
|
Yes (Summerell et al. 1993, Elmer et al. 1999)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc [Hypocreales : Nectriaceae]
(teleomorph Haematonectria haematococca (Berk. & Broome) Samuels & Rossman)
(synonym Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome)
root and stem rot, wilt
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Sampson and Walker 1982, Shivas 1989, Cook and Dubé 1989)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka [Helicobasidiales : Helicobasidiaceae]
(synonym Septobasidium mompa (Tanaka) Racib.)
root rot
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
No (Farr and Rossman 2011)
|
No: This species causes root rot and is associated with the bulbous part of Lilium spp. (Farr and Rossman 2011). Not known to be associated with flowers and foliage.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
[Ascomycota : Incertae sedis]
(basionym Macrophoma phaseolina Tassi)
(synonym Macrophoma phaseoli Maubl., Sclerotium bataticola Taubenh., Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh.) E.J. Butler)
charcoal rot, ashy stem blight, damping-off
|
Yes (Wu 1985)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Cook and Dubé 1989, Shivas 1989, Lenné 1990, Khangura and Aberra 2009).
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr [Magnaporthaceae : Incertae sedis] (synonym Pyricularia grisea Sacc., Ceratosphaeria grisea Hebert)
grey leaf spot
|
Yes (EPPO 2007)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Lenné 1990)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx [Eurotiales : Trichocomaceae]
(synonym P. cyclopium Westling, P. martensii Biourge, P. solitum Westling)
bulb rot
|
Yes (Tzean et al. 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Pitt et al. 1991)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Penicillium hirsutum Dierckx
[Eurotiales : Trichocomaceae]
(synonym P. hirsutum var. hirsutum Dierckx, P. verrucosum var. corymbiferum (Westling), P. corymbiferum Westling)
bulb rot
|
Yes (Tzean et al. 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (APPD 2011, Herb IMI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [Cantharellales : Ceratobasidiaceae]
(teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
(synonym Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) Rogers, Hypochnus cucumeris Frank, Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin, Moniliopsis solani (Kfihn) R.T.Moore)
Rhizoctonia blight, stem rot, stem canker
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Sampson and Walker 1982, Shivas 1989)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
[Helotiales : Sclerotiniaceae]
(basionym Peziza sclerotiorum Lib.) (synonym Hymenoscyphus sclerotiorum (Lib.) W. Phillips, Sclerotinia libertiana Fuckel, Sclerotium varium Pers., Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Korf & Dumont)
stem blight, head rot
|
Yes (Sawada 1959)
|
Yes (Shivas 1989, Lenné 1990)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
STRAMINOPILA
|
Phytophthora cactorum (L. &L.) Schroeter
[Peronosporales : Peronosporaceae]
(synonym Phytophthora omnivora de Bary, Peronospora cactorum Lebert & Cohn)
leaf, stem and root rot
|
Yes (Ho 1990, BAPHIQ 2009)
|
Yes (Sampson and Walker 1982, Shivas 1989)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Phytophthora capsici Leonian [Peronosporales : Peronosporaceae]
(synonym P. parasitica var. capsici (Leonian) Sarej., P. hydrophila Curzi)
stem and fruit rot
|
Yes (Ho 1990, Hartman 1993)
|
Yes (Shivas 1989, APPD 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands [Peronosporales : Peronosporaceae]
Phytophthora root rot
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Sampson and Walker 1982, Cook and Dubé 1989, Shivas 1989)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan
[Peronosporales : Peronosporaceae]
(synonym P. parasitica Dastur, P. parasitica var. nicotianae (Breda de Haan) Tucker, P. melongenae var. ananaphthoros Sideris , P. manoana Sideris , P. melongenae Sawada, P. nicotianae var. parasitica (Dastur) Waterh, P. parasitica var. rhei Godfrey, P. tabaci Sawada, P. terrestris Sherb.)
black shank
|
Yes (Ho 1990, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Sampson and Walker 1982, Shivas 1989)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Pythium irregulare Buisman [Pythiales : Pythiaceae]
(synonym Globisporangium irregulare (Buisman) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish, P. fabae Cheney, P. irregulare var. hawaiiense Sideris, P. polymorphon Sideris)
downy mildew, blight, damping off, root and other rots
|
Yes (Ho 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (APPD 2011, Farr and Rossman 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Pythium ultimum Trow
[Pythiales : Pythiaceae]
(synonym Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish, Pythium haplomitri Lilienfeld)
black-leg of seedlings
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2006, Ho 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Simmonds 1966, Sampson and Walker 1982, Shivas 1989, Lenné 1990)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
VIRUSES
|
Apple stem grooving virus ASGV [Flexiviridae : Capillovirus]
[synonym Citrus tatter leaf virus CTLV - CTLV isolates are now recognised as strains of Apple stem grooving virus (Lovisolo et al. 2003)]
|
Yes (CABI/EPPO 2000, EPPO 2007, Wu et al. 2010)
|
Yes (CABI/EPPO 2000, APPD 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Broad bean wilt virus BBWV [Comoviridae : Fabavirus]
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (Shukla and Gough 1983, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Cucumber mosaic virus CMV [Bromoviridae: Cucumovirus]
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Brunt et al. 1996, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Lily mottle virus LMoV
[Potyviridae: Potyvirus]
(synonym Tulip breaking virus - lily strain)
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
No. Although there are records of TBV in Australia (ICTVdB 2006, CABI 2012), there are no records of LMoV, now characterised as a distinct species rather than a synonym of TBV (Dekker et al. 1993; Derks et al. 1994).
|
Yes: LMoV is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by aphids (Asjes and Blom-Barnhoorn 2002). It may cause a mosaic pattern on leaves and flowers; flowers may also be malformed depending on the cultivar (EPPO 2002).
|
Yes: LMoV can be detected in the leaves of infected Lilium plants (Chinestra and Facchinette 2010). Aphids which become viruleferous after feeding on Lilium leaves may transmit the virus to susceptible host plants. The virus can also be transmitted mechanically (Navalinskienė and Samuitienė 2001).
|
Yes: Lily plants infected with LMoV are stunted and may die prematurely. Flower quality is reduced, with shorter vase life, and flowers may be malformed or exhibit colour-breaking (Pearson et al. 2009).
|
Yes
|
Lily symptomless virus LSV
[Flexiviridae : Carlavirus]
(synonym lily rosette virus, lily curl stripe virus, lily yellow flat virus, virus and marmor mite) (Asjes 2000) (synonym lily curl stripe virus, lily streak virus) (Brunt et al. 1996)
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2009, TaiBNET 2012)
|
Yes (Brunt et al. 1996, Blake and Wilson 1996, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Lily virus X LVX
[Flexiviridae : Potexvirus]
(synomyn Lily X potexvirus)
|
Uncertain/No (Brunt et al. 1996). However, lily bulbs are sourced from The Netherlands where this virus is known to occur.
|
No (Brunt et al. 1996)
|
Yes: Recorded on Lilium spp. in the UK (Stone 1980), the Netherlands (Memelink et al. 1990) and Lithuania (Dapkūniene et al. 2004).
|
Yes: No vector is known for LVX (Adams et al. 2004), although spread of LVX was reduced by insecticides but not by mineral-oil spraying. The mode of transmission is possibly by an insect in a persistent or semi-persistent manner (Asjes 1991).
|
Yes: LVX has not been shown to cause symptom expression in Lilium (EPPO 2002), although it causes symptoms of necrosis in edible lily when associated with TBV (Takashi et al. 2000).
|
Yes
|
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus PlAMV
[Alphaflexiviridae : Potexvirus]
(synonym Nandina mosaic virus) (Hughes et al. 2005).
|
No (PPSN 2010)/ Uncertain. However, lily bulbs are sourced from The Netherlands where this virus is known to occur.
|
No (PPSN 2010) Australian records are PEQ interceptions on bulbs grown in open quarantine
|
Yes: The virus was first detected in lily flower production facilities (indoor) then in production fields. Recorded in Japan, Russia, US, and possibly Chile, New Zealand and South Korea (Komatsu et al. 2008; PPSN 2010).
|
Yes: PlAMV is able to infect a wider host range than other Potexvirus species, and induce various symptoms such as necrosis (Ozeki et al. 2006, Komatsu et al. 2008). Like other Potexvirus species, the virus may be spread mechanically (PPSN 2010).
|
Yes: The leaves develop severe symptoms of necrosis and discolouration, which may result in the loss of flower value of up to 80% (PPSN 2010).
|
Yes
|
Strawberry latent ringspot virus SLRSV
[Secoviridae : Genus Unassigned]
|
Yes (Chang et al. 2001)
|
No. One record from SA, with no evidence of establishment or spread (CABI/EPPO undated-a, CABI 2012)
|
Yes: although more likely to arrive on infected bulbs, or contaminating nematodes or soil (CABI/EPPO undated – a).
|
Yes: SLRSV is transmitted by the nematode Xiphinema diversicaudatum, which has been recorded on roses in Australia (APPD 2011), but may be eradicated (CABI/EPPO 2001), and X. coxi (Tzanetakis et al. 2006). It is also mechanically transmissible (CABI/EPPO undated – a). However, most cut flowers will eventually be disposed of in waste or compost. The virus is not likely to survive and be transmitted to a suitable host by a nematode vector.
|
Yes: Has a wide host range including many different crop species such as ornamentals (Delphinium, Gladiolus, Narcissus, Rosa) and apricot, asparagus, celery, peach, cherry, currants , grapevine, hop, raspberry, strawberry, rhubarb, oleander, olive, parsley, and parsnip (CABI/EPPO undated – a, CABI 2012). In Israel SLRSV is associated with asymmetrical opening of flowers (Cohen et al. 1995).
|
Yes
|
Tobacco ringspot nepovirus TRSV
[Secoviridae : Nepovirus]
|
Yes (EPPO 2007, CABI 2012)
|
Yes (EPPO 2007, CABI 2012) - isolated records from Qld, SA and WA (Randles and Francki 1965; CABI/EPPO undated - b). However, there are several biologically distinct strains of TRSV; and it is uncertain which are present in Australia.
|
Yes: TRSV may be transmitted in cuttings, pollen and seed (CABI/EPPO undated – b; Card et al. 2007).
|
Yes: TRSV is spread by the nematodes Xiphinema americanum, X. rivesi and X. californicum (Brown et al. 1995). It can also be spread non-specifically by aphids, thrips and the beetle Epilachna varivestis; and by dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) in cuttings, by pollen and seed, and by mechanical inoculation (Field et al., 1994; Card et al. 2007; CABI/EPPO undated – b).
|
Yes: TRSV has a very wide host range, and there are several biologically distinct strains (Stace-Smith 1985). There is potential for further spread in important crops for novel strains. TRSV causes symptoms in flowers, leaves, roots and seeds. TRSV has varying economic impact on different crops, with the most severely affected being soybeans, grapevine and some ornamentals (CABI/EPPO undated –b).
|
Yes
|
Tomato aspermy cucumovirus TAV
[Bromoviridae : Cucumovirus]
|
Yes (TaiBNET 2012, BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (Hill et al. 1996)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus TSWV
[Bunyaviridae : Tospovirus]
(synonym Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, impatiens strain)
|
Yes (EPPO 2007, TaiBNET 2012, CABI 2012)
|
Yes (Latham and Jones 1997, APPD 2011, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Tulip breaking potyvirus TBV [Potivyridae: Potyvirus]
(synonym brown ring virus) (Derks 1976)
|
Yes (TaiBNET 2012, CABI 2012)
|
Yes (ICTVdB 2006, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
NEMATODES
|
Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) Sher.
[Tylenchida : Hoplolaimidae]
spiral nematode
|
Yes (CABI/EPPO 2010)11
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994, CABI/EPPO 2010)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Heterodera spp. Schmidt
[Telenchida : Heteroderidae]
cyst nematode
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood [Tylenchida : Meloidogynidae]
root knot nematode
|
Yes (Chen and Tsay 2006)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood
[Tylenchida : Meloidogynidae]
root knot nematode
|
Yes (Chen and Tsay 2006)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994, Stirling and Stanton 1997)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Paratrichodorus spp. Siddiqi [Triplonchida : Trichodoridae]
stubby-root nematode
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Pratylenchus coffeae Goodey [Tylenchida : Pratylenchidae]
lesion nematode
|
Yes (Chen and Tsay 2006, EPPO 2007)
|
Yes (ABRS 2009, APPD 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb [Tylenchida : Pratylenchidae]
root lesion nematode
|
Yes (Chen and Tsay 2006, EPPO 2007)
|
Yes (ABRS 2009, APPD 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Pratylenchus pratensis (de Man) Filipjev
[Tylenchida : Pratylenchidae]
meadow nematode
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (ABRS 2009, APPD 2011)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira
[Tylenchida : Hoplolaimidae]
reniform nematode
|
Yes (EPPO 2007)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Rotylenchus robustus de Man [Tylenchoidea : Hoplolaimidae] (synonym Tylenchus robustus, Hoplolaimus uniformis, Rotylenchus uniformis, Anguillulina robusta, Rotylenchus goodeyi, Rotylenchus fallorobustus)
lance nematode
|
Yes (BAPHIQ 2012)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Trichodorus spp.
[Triplonchida: Trichodoridae]
stubby root nematodes
|
Yes (CABI 2012)
|
Yes (APPD 2011, CABI 2012)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Xiphinema insigne Loos
[Dorylaimida : Longidoridae]
(synonym X. indicum Siddiqi)
dagger nematode
|
Yes (Ni et al. 2003, Chen et al. 2004)
|
Yes (McLeod et al. 1994)
|
Assessment not required
|
|
|
|
Appendix B Additional quarantine pest data
COLEOPTERA (beetles, weevils)
|
Quarantine pest
|
Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)
|
Synonyms
|
None
|
Common name(s)
|
Harlequin ladybird, Multicoloured Asian lady beetle
|
Main hosts
|
Predator of soft bodied insects (e.g. aphids, scales) (Koch 2003, Brown et al. 2008) in a wide range of habitats (arboreal, herbaceous, and crop systems) (Brown et al. 2008). Hosts include Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Malus domestica (apple), Pyrus communis (pear), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Rubus (raspberry) and Vitis vinifera (grape) (EPPO 2009, CABI 2012).
|
Distribution
|
Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom and USA (CABI 2012).
|
Quarantine pest
|
Lilioceris formosana Heinze
|
Synonyms
|
Lilioceris neptis subsp. formosana Heinze (Wrocław)
Lilioceris impressa subsp. loochooana Nakane (Wrocław)
|
Common name(s)
|
Leaf beetle
|
Main hosts
|
herbivorous, no details found
|
Distribution
|
Taiwan, Tokara Is., Ryukyu Isl., Japan (Wrocław 2011).
|
Quarantine pest
|
Sangariola punctatostriata (Motschulsky)
|
Synonyms
|
Galeruca? punctato-striata Motschulsky
Sangariola punctato-striata subsp, aequicostata Chujo
|
Common name(s)
|
Lily leaf flea beetle
|
Main hosts
|
Cardiocrinum cordatum (giant lily), Cardiocrinum glehni, Erythronium dens-canis (dog's-tooth violet), Erythronium japonicum, Lilium cordatum, Lilium leichtlinii var. tigrinum (Leichtlins' lily), Smilax china (Chujo and Kimoto 1961; Maddison 1993)
|
Distribution
|
Asia, Russia, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa), Korean Peninsula, Taiwan (Chujo and Kimoto 1961, Maddison 1993).
|
DIPTERA (flies, gnats, midges)
|
Quarantine pest
|
Chromatomyia horticola Goureau
|
Synonyms
|
Agromyza atricornis
Chromatomyia atricornis
Phytomyza atricornis (partim.) Meigen
Phytomyza bidensivora Séguy
Phytomyza fediae Kaltenbach
Phytomyza horticola Goureau
Phytomyza lactucae Vimmer
Phytomyza linariae Kaltenbach
Phytomyza nainiensis Garg
Phytomyza pisi Kaltenbach
Phytomyza subaffinis Malloch
Phytomyza tropaeoli Dufour
|
Common name(s)
|
Pea leaf miner
|
Main hosts
|
Alliaceae, Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium cepa (onion), Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassica, Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Mentha (mints), Onagraceae, Phaseolus (beans), Pisum (pea), Pisum sativum (pea), Ranunculaceae, Raphanus sativus (radish), Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Umbelliferae, Vicia (vetch) (Spencer 1973, CABI 2012).
|
Distribution
|
This species is found throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe (CABI 2012).
|
Quarantine pest
|
Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)
|
Synonyms
|
Agromyza huidobrensis Blanchard
Liriomyza cucumifoliae Blanchard
Liriomyza decora Blanchard
Liriomyza dianthi Frick
Liriomyza langei Frick
|
Common name(s)
|
Serpentine leafminer, pea leafminer, South American leafminer
|
Main hosts
|
Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Apium graveolens (celery), Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Bidens pilosa (blackjack), Brassica rapa, Calendula (marigolds), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists')), Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Datura (thorn-apple), Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower), Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gypsophila paniculata (babysbreath), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus (Vetchling), Liliaceae, Linum (flax), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus (melilots), Oxalis (wood sorrels), Petunia, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Sonchus (Sowthistle) (Spencer 1973, CABI 2012).
|
Distribution
|
Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Germany, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR, Lebanon, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, USA (California, Hawaii), Venezuela, Vietnam (CABI 2012).
|
Quarantine pest
|
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
|
Synonyms
|
Agromyza phaseolunata Frost
Liriomyza alliivora Frick
Liriomyza alliovora Frick
Liriomyza phaseolunata (Frost)
Oscinis trifolii Burgess
|
Common name(s)
|
American serpentine leafminer, chrysanthemum leaf miner
|
Main hosts
|
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Ageratum (whiteweed), Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Allium schoenoprasum (chives), Alstroemeria (Inca lily), Ambrosia (Ragweed), Antirrhinum (snapdragon), Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Artemisia (wormwoods), Aster, Avena sativa (oats), Baccharis, Basella, Bellis, Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Bidens (Burmarigold), Brassica rapa, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Callistephus chinensis (China Aster), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Carthamus, Cassia (sennas), Centaurea (Knapweed), Cestrum (jessamine), Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists')), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Crataegus (hawthorns), Crotalaria, Cucumis melo (melon),Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Dahlia, Daucus carota (carrot), Dianthus (carnation), Erigeron (Fleabane), Eupatorium, Gaillardia, Gazania (treasure-flower), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Gypsophila (baby's breath), Helianthus (sunflower), Hordeum (barleys), Ipomoea (morning glory), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lathyrus (Vetchling), Liliaceae, Linaria (Toadflax), Luffa acutangula (angled luffa), Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lycopersicon, Macrotyloma, Malva (mallow), Medicago (medic), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus (melilots), Mollucella, Ocimum, Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox, Physalis (Groundcherry), Pisum sativum (pea), Polyphagous (polyphagous), Primula (Primrose), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Salvia (sage), Senecio (Groundsel), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tagetes (marigold), Taraxacum (dandelion), Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat's-beard),Tribulus (caltrop), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium repens (white clover), Trigonella, Tropaeolum, Typha (reedmace), Verbena (vervain), Vicia (vetch), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Xanthium (Cocklebur), Zinnia (Spencer 1973, CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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This species is found throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America (CABI 2012).
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HEMIPTERA (aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, psyllids, scales, true bugs, whiteflies)
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Quarantine pest
|
Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)
|
Synonyms
|
Dactylopius comstocki Kuwana
|
Common name(s)
|
Comstock‘s mealybug
|
Main hosts
|
Acer, Aesculus spp. (horse chestnut), Aglaia odorata (Chinese perfume tree), Alnus japonica (Japanese alder), Amaryllis vittata, Artemisia, Buxus microphylla (littleleaf boxwood), Camellia japonica (camellia), Castanea (chestnut), Catalpa (northern catalpa), Celtis willdenowiana (enoki), Cinnamomum camphorae (camphor tree), Citrus (citrus), Crassula tetragona (miniature pine tree), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Cydonia sinensis (Chinese quince), Deutzia parviflora typical (gaura), Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane), Erythrina indica (rainbow eucalyptus), Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus), Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia), Ficus carica (fig), Fiwa japonica, Forsythia koreana (forsythia), Gardenia jasminoides (gardenia), Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo), Hydrangea (hydrangea), Ilex cornuta (Chinese holly), Ilex crenata microphylla (Korean gem), Kraunhia, Lagerstroemia indica (crepe myrtle), Ligustrum ibota angustifolium, Lilium spp. (lily), Lonicera (honeysuckle), Loranthus (mistletoe), Malus pumila (paradise apple), Malus sylvestris (crab apple), Masakia japonica (Japanese euonymus), Monstera deliciosa (monstera), Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus kagayamae (mulberry), Musa (bananas), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Opuntia dillenii (prickly pear), Orixa japonica (Japanese orixa), Pandanus (screwpines), Persica vulgaris (peach), Pinus thunbergiana (Japanese black pine), Populus (poplar), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pyrus communis (European pear), Pyrus serotina culta (black cherry), Rhamnus (buckthorn), Rhododendron mucronulatum (Korean Rhododendron), Sasamorpha (bamboo), Taxus (yew), Torreya nucifera (Japanese torreya), Trema orientalis (nalita), Viburnum awabucki (acacia confuse), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (Maddison 1993, Ben-Dov 2012).
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Distribution
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Afghanistan, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Canary Islands, China, Columbia, Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kampuchea, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Madeira Islands, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Northern Mariana Islands, Russia, Saint Helena, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, USA, Uzbekistan, Vietnam (Wang and Lin 1997, Ben-Dov 2012).
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LEPIDOPTERA (moths, butterflies)
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Quarantine pest
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Agrotis segetum Denis & Schiffermüller
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Synonyms
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Agrotis fucosa Butler
Agrotis segetis Hübner
Euxoa segetis
Euxoa segetum Denis & Schiffermüller
Euxoa segetum form albiptera Turati
Feltia segetum Denis & Schiffermüller
Noctua segetum Denis & Schiffermüller
Scotia segetum Denis & Schiffermüller
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Common name(s)
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Turnip moth, black cutworm, common cutworm, cutworm, dark moth, dart moth, tobacco cutworm, turnip dart moth.
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Main hosts
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Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Allium porrum (leek), Allium sphaerocephalon (Roundhead garlic), Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Aster, Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Avena sativa (oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Boehmeria nivea (ramie), Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian mustard), Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape), Camellia sinensis (tea), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Carum carvi (caraway), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium endivia (endives), Coffea arabica (arabica coffee), Cucumis melo (melon), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge), Daucus carota (carrot), Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Freesia refracta (common freesia), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Guizotia abyssinica (niger), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium spp. (lily), Linum (flax), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Mentha (mints), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Oryza sativa (rice), Paeonia officinalis (common paeony), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Raphanus sativus (radish), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Secale cereale (rye), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum laciniatum (kangaroo apple), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (maize) (CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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This species is distributed across Africa, Asia, and Europe (Wang and Lin 1997, CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
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Euproctis taiwana (Shiraki)
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Synonyms
|
Lymantria taiwana
Porthesia taiwana Shiraki
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Common name(s)
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Yellow tailed moth, tussock moth
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Main hosts
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Gladiolus, Glycine max (soyabean), Lilium spp. (lily), Mangifera indica (mango), Rosa spp. (rose), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vitis vinifera (grape), Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) as well as many fruit trees, flowers, vegetable and cereal crops (Liu 1998, Chang 1988, Kuo 2005, Biosecurity Australia 2006, CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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Japan (Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago), Taiwan (CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
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Kaniska canace (Linnaeus)
|
Synonyms
|
Nymphalis canace Linnaeus
Papilio canace Linnaeus
Vanessa canace Fruhstorfer
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Common name(s)
|
Blue admiral
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Main hosts
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Heterosmilax japonica, Liliales, Lilium (lily), Lilium lancifolium (tiger lily), Smilax china, Streptopus amplexifolius (clasping twisted-stalk), Tricyrtis hirta (toad lily) (Iwase 1954, Robinson et al. 2012).
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Distribution
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Burma, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Russia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (Iwase 1954, Khramov et al. 2011, TaiBNET 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Orgyia postica Walker
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Synonyms
|
Lacida postica (Walker)
Notolophus australis posticus (Walker)
Notolophus postica (Walker)
Notolophus posticus (Walker)
Orgyia australis postica (Walker)
Orgyia ceylanica Nietner
Orgyia ocularis Moore
Orgyia posticus (Walker)
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Common name(s)
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Cocoa tussock moth, tussock moth, small tussock moth
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Main hosts
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Amherstia nobilis, Camellia sinensis (tea), Cinchona, Cinnamomum, Coffea (coffee), Durio zibethinus (durian), Erythrina spp., Euphorbia longana (longan), Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen), Glycine max (soyabean), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena), Lilium spp. (lily), Litchi chinensis (lichi), Malpighia glabra (acerola), Mangifera indica (mango), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Orchidaceae (orchids), Populus deltoides (poplar), Pyrus communis (European pear), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa (roses), Syzygium cumini (black plum), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Ziziphus jujuba (common jujube) (CABI 2012, CoA undated - a).
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Distribution
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Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam (CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Xylena formosa (Butler)
|
Synonyms
|
Calocampa formosa Butler
Xylena plumbeopaca Hreblay & Ronkay
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Common name(s)
|
Cutworm
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Main hosts
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Lilium spp. (lily), Prunus mume (Chinese plum), Quercus acutissima, Quercus cerris, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, (Ikeda and Fukuyo 1985, Maddison 1993, HOSTS 2012).
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Distribution
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Japan, China, and Taiwan (Oguro and Sakai 2009).
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THYSANOPTERA (thrips)
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Quarantine pest
|
Frankliniella intonsa Trybom
|
Synonyms
|
Frankliniella intonsa f. norashensis Yakhontov and Jurbanov
Thrips intonsa Trybom
Frankliniella formosae Moulton
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Common name(s)
|
Flower thrips
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Main hosts
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Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Capsicum annuum (capsicum), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Fragaria (strawberry), Glycine max (soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Lilium spp. (lily), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Oryza sativa (rice), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus persica (peach), Rosa (roses), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean) (Maddison 1993, CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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This species is distributed across Asia, Europe and North America (CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Haplothrips chinensis Priesner
|
Synonyms
|
None
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Common name(s)
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Chinese thrips
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Main hosts
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Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), Capsicum sp. Carrot (Daucus carota), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa, var. chinensis), Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), Convolvulus spp., Corn(Zea mays), Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Cupressus spp., Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus), Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), Lily (Lilium spp.), Lobelia spp., Lysimachia spp., Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata), Mango (Mangifera indica), Onion (Allium cepa), Peach (Prunus persica), Plum (Prunus spp.), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), Rose (Rosa chinensis), Solidago sp., Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), White Clover (Trifolium repens), Willow (Salix spp.), Wolfberry (Lycium chinense) (Chang 1991, Hua et al. 1997 , Huang 2010, Liu et al. 2010, Qin et al. 2010, GAAS 2012).
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Distribution
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China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan (Chang 1991, GAAS 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Megalurothrips distalis (Karny)
|
Synonyms
|
Megalurothrips morosus Bhatti
Physothrips brunneicarnis Bagnall
Taeniothrips brunneicornis Hood
Taeniothrips distalis Karny
Taeniothrips ditissimus Anantha. & Jagd.
Taeniothrips infernalis Priesner
Taeniothrips morosus Priesner
Taeniothrips nigricornis Priesner
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Common name(s)
|
Bean blossom thrips
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Main hosts
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Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree), Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Areca catechu (betelnut palm), Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Bauhinia racemosa (bidi leaf tree), Butea monosperma (flame of the forest), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Camellia sinensis (tea) Canavalia ensiformis (gotani bean) Canavalia gladiata (horse bean), Coffea arabica (arabica coffee), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Gliricidia maculata, Glycine max (soyabean), Gomphrena globosa (Globe amaranth), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Lathyrus sativus (grasspea), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium spp. (lily), Litchi chinensis (lichi), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram), Mangifera indica (mango), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant), Moringa oleifera (horse-radish tree), Morus alba (mora), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Pongamia pinnata (Indian beech), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Santalum album (Indian sandalwood), Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree), Sesbania grandiflora (agati), Sesbania sesban (sesban), Tephrosia purpurea (purple tephrosia), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna umbellata (Rice- bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) (Maddison 1993, CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand (CABI 2012).
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VIRUSES
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Quarantine pest
|
Lily mottle virus LMoV
|
Synonyms
|
Lily mosaic virus
Lily mottle potyvirus
Tulip breaking virus
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Common name(s)
|
Lily mottle virus
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Main hosts
|
Alstroemeria brasiliensis (Peruvian lily), Lilium spp. (lily), Narcissus pseudonarcissus (wild lent lily), Tulipa (tulip) (CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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China, Israel, Japan, Korea, USA, Italy, Netherlands, Poland (CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Lily virus X LVX
|
Synonyms
|
Lily potexvirus
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Common name(s)
|
Lily virus X
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Main hosts
|
Lilium formosanum, Tetragonia expansa, Tricyrtis formosana (Brunt et al. 1996, Jordan et al. 2008).
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Distribution
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Netherlands, United Kingdom, USA (Chen et al. 2005, Brunt et al. 1996, Jordan et al. 2008).
|
Quarantine pest
|
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus PlAMV
|
Synonyms
|
None found
|
Common name(s)
|
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus
|
Main hosts
|
Lilium spp. (lily), Nandina domestica (nandina, bamboo), Plantago asiatica (plantago), Primula spp. (primula), Vigna sinensis (cow pea) (Komatsu et al. 2008, PPSN 2010).
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Distribution
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Japan, Netherlands, Russia, USA (Komatsu et al. 2008, PPSN 2010).
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Quarantine pest
|
Strawberry latent ringspot virus SLRSV
|
Synonyms
|
Rhubarb virus 5
Aesculus line pattern virus
|
Common name(s)
|
Latent ringspot of strawberry
|
Main hosts
|
Aesculus (buckeye) , Apium graveolens (celery), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Humulus lupulus (hop), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lilium spp. (lily), Narcissus (daffodil), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum (red currant), Rosa (roses) , Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Trifolium repens (white clover), Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) (CABI 2012).
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Distribution
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India, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Canada, USA, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Australia (South Australia- few occurrences), New Zealand (CABI/EPPO undated-a, EPPO 2009, Chang et al. 2001, CABI 2012).
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Quarantine pest
|
Tobacco ringspot nepovirus TRSV
|
Synonyms
|
Anemone necrosis virus,
Blueberry necrotic ringspot virus,
Tobacco ringspot virus 1,
Tulip veinal streak virus.
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Common name(s)
|
Tobacco ringspot nepovirus
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Main hosts
|
Amaranthus caudatus (tassel flower), Amaranthus hybridus (smooth amaranth), Anemone coronaria (poppy anemone), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Astilbe chinensis, Impatiens hostie (Impatiens), Ilex crenata (holly), Begonia semperflorens (begonia), Brassica campestris (turnip), Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Brassica spp., Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Cornus racemosa (dogwood), Cornus stolonifera (dogwood), Coronopus didymus (Lesser swine-cress), Capsicum (peppers), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Carica papaya (paw paw), Caryopteris spp. (bluebeard), Crataegus spp., Crocus spp., Cucumis melo (melon), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cornus florida (dogwood), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cucurbita spp., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean), Cymbidium (orchid), Daucus carota (corrot), Eupatorium purpureum (trumpet weed), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (soyabean), Hyacinthus orientalis (Hyacinth), Hydrangea spp., Daphne spp., Iris hollandica (Iris), Lablab purpureus (Hyacinth bean), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium longiflorum (lily), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Melilotus alba (sweet clover), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Pelargonium spp., Petunia × hybrida, Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox drummondii (annual Phlox), Phlox subulata (creeping Phlox), Plantago lanceolata (ribwort), Populus tremuloides (aspen), Potentilla spp., Prunus (stone fruit), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rumex spp. (sorrel), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Sophora microphylla (Kowhai), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion), Tulipa spp., Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia spp., Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Viola cornuta (horned violet), Zea mays (corn), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (Gibbs and Gibbs 2002, CABI 2012).
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Distribution
|
Distribution probably worldwide. Found in Africa, Central Asia, East and South-East Asia, Eurasia, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, North America, Australasia and Oceania, South and Central America; Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea Republic, Lithuania, Nigeria, Oman, Peru, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey, United States of America. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Australia, the U.K., Germany and New Zealand (Gibbs and Gibbs 2002).
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Yüklə 2.77 Mb.