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Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp cut flowers from Taiwan


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Pest risk management


This chapter describes the phytosanitary procedures associated with the importation of Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan, and provides information on the management of quarantine pests identified with an unrestricted risk exceeding Australia’s appropriate level of protection (ALOP). The proposed phytosanitary measures are described below.

1.11Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures


Pest risk management evaluates and selects options for measures to reduce the risk of entry, establishment or spread of quarantine pests for Australia where they have been assessed to have an unrestricted risk above Australia’s ALOP. In examining the unrestricted risk, existing commercial production practices in Taiwan have been considered, including harvest, postharvest and transport procedures and the packing of Lilium spp. cut flowers.

In addition to Taiwan’s existing commercial production practices for the production of Lilium spp. cut flowers and border procedures in Australia, specific pest risk management measures are proposed to achieve Australia's ALOP. Finalisation of the quarantine conditions may be undertaken with input from the department and the Australian states and territories as appropriate.


1.11.1Management for arthropod quarantine pests


Arthropod pests of concern to Australia associated with Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan have been assessed as requiring phytosanitary measures.

The existing conditions for cut flower imports stipulate mandatory methyl bromide treatment, or the alternatives detailed in Section 1.3.3. Taiwan has requested the option of a systems approach as an equivalent measure to methyl bromide.

The proposed risk management measure options are:

1. Methyl bromide fumigation, OR

2. A systems approach administered by BAPHIQ, including pre-export phytosanitary inspection and certification, to ensure that Lilium spp. cut flowers are free of arthropod pests of concern and bulbils (Table 4.1).

Consignments will be subject to onshore inspection and verification by the department. These risk management measures are consistent with Australia’s quarantine policy for arthropod pests on other cut flower imported commodities.

Any measures equivalent with the above will be considered.

1.11.2Management for virus quarantine pests


The standard import conditions for cut flowers include mandatory devitalisation for propagable species. The purpose of this measure is to render the risk from certain viruses and obligate fungi equivalent to that of non-propagable species. As an equivalent measure imported lilies from Taiwan are required to be free of bulbils. Imported lilies will be inspected for presence of bulbils by BAPHIQ prior to export, and again on arrival in Australia by Biosecurity officers. Furthermore, the requirement for management of arthropod pests will mitigate risks of vectoring of viral diseases. Thus, the risk for virus transmission is similar to other cut flower pathways currently permitted.

In addition, Lilium spp. bulbs are currently permitted from all countries for production in open quarantine. Open quarantine is subject to monitoring and inspection for pests and disease. Therefore, no additional phytosanitary measures are recommended to manage the risk of quarantine virus pests.


1.11.3Operational system for the maintenance and verification of phytosanitary status


A system of operational procedures is necessary to maintain and verify the phytosanitary status of Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan. Lily cut flowers may be imported either under a systems approach or with methyl bromide fumigation after inspection at the border (exemption may occur based on compliance history similar to current import requirements for other cut flowers).

Recognition of the competent authority


BAPHIQ is the designated NPPO for Taiwan under the IPPC.

The objectives of the NPPO are to ensure that:



  • recommended conditions and certification standards are met by all relevant agencies participating in this program

  • recommended administrative processes are established to provide assurance that the recommended requirements of the program are being met.

Provisions for traceability


All consignments must have adequate labelling or other means of identification so that they can be traced to critical points of the pathway.

Packaging and labelling


The objective of the requirement for packaging and labelling are to ensure that secure packaging that meets Australia’s import conditions is used.

Specific conditions for storage and transport


The objective of the requirement for storage and transport are to ensure that:

  • product for export to Australia is secure to prevent mixing or cross-contamination with produce destined elsewhere

  • maintain the quarantine integrity of the commodity during storage and movement.

Pre-export phytosanitary inspection and certification


All consignments must be accompanied by an International Phytosanitary Certificate (IPC).

The objectives of phytosanitary certification are to ensure that:



  • an IPC is issued for each consignment, consistent with ISPM No. 12 Phytosanitary Certificates (FAO 2011), to provide formal documentation to the department verifying the relevant measures have been undertaken offshore

  • ensure the goods have been inspected for quarantine pests and other regulated articles by the NPPO

  • each IPC includes a description of the consignment (including grower number and packing house details).

Consignments of lily cut flowers imported from Taiwan must be accompanied by an original IPC issued by BAPHIQ with the following additional declaration:

This consignment of lily (Lilium spp.) cut flowers has been inspected by BAPHIQ and contains commercial hybrid varieties, found free of quarantine pests and stem bulbils.

On-arrival inspection by the Department of Agriculture


The department’s officers will undertake an inspection of all Lilium spp. cut flowers consignments covered by separate phytosanitary certificates issued by the NPPO on arrival of consignments in Australia. The inspection will be conducted using the standard inspection regime for the type of commodity and may involve specific techniques or use of optical enhancement where necessary.

Additional regional conditions may apply to cut flower consignments. For instance, Thrips palmi is an actionable pest for Western Australia, and inspection is required under Interstate Certification Assurance. Fumigation may apply if any consignment contaminated with this viral transmitting Thrips spp. is detected.

The detection of live quarantine pests or regulated articles during an inspection will result in the failure of the inspection lot.

The objective of this procedure is to ensure that each consignment, as defined by a single phytosanitary certificate, is verified at the first port of entry to confirm that the consignment meets Australia’s import requirements.

If no live quarantine pests, disease symptoms or other regulated articles are detected in the inspection lot, the consignment will be released from quarantine.

Consignments will fail if quarantine pests and/or regulated articles are detected during on-arrival inspections. Remedial action is to be taken when this occurs.

The department will advise BAPHIQ about non-compliance so that BAPHIQ can apply appropriate corrective action with suppliers.

Systems approach

In addition to the operational system and verification procedures stated above, lily cut flowers produced under a systems approach must comply with the following additional requirements.


Audit and verification


Where a systems approach is adopted for the management of arthropod pests, as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation, the pathway may be subject to audit and verification.

BAPHIQ is responsible for establishing a system for Lilium spp. production that meets the phytosanitary requirements of Australia and for the audit of their system. The department may undertake an audit of the BAPHIQ system.

The objectives of the recommended requirement for audit and verification are to ensure that:


  • an effective approved documented system for the net houses, the packing houses and during transport is in operation.

Additional Phytosanitary Certificate declaration


Each consignment must be accompanied by an original IPC as detailed above and endorsed with the following additional declaration:

Cut flowers are sourced from an accredited supplier under the required systems approach for lily cut flower production in Taiwan.

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