Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

62, 486-490

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Annexe 1
Projects at Rothamsted Research,
DEFRA AR0138 Improving the physiological and agronomic basis of UK lupin production. April 1999 to March 2003.

DEFRA LS3606 Improve the traceability of protein sources for the livestock sector through research into the nutritional quality of lupins. June 2000 to October 2001.

DEFRA AR0118 Improved genotypes and agronomy of lupins for UK agriculture. April 1996 to March 1999.

DEFRA AR0117 Agronomic packages for the cultivation of lupins in the UK. April 1992 to March 1996

DEFRA AR0116 Physiological constraints to the yield and early maturity of lupins in the UK. April 1992 to March 1996
Commission of the European Communities, Agriculture and Fisheries (FAIR) specific RTD programme, CT96-1965, “Creation of varieties and technologies for increasing production and utilisation of high quality protein from white lupin in Europe”. January 1997 to March 2000.
BBSRC Adapting new crops for the UK climate: genotype and environment … to February 1999.

BBSRC Internal nitrogen resources and the regulation of pod growth, crop ripening … to February 1999.

BBSRC CWS (Collaboration with Industry Scheme) and Dalgety. Defining the geographic range of autumn sown white lupins. January 1994 to December 1996.

Affiliated projects,
DEFRA AR0132 Lupin Agronomy. September 1994 to March 1996. ADAS.

DEFRA AR0127 Land suitability for autumn-sown determinate lupins. Soil Survey and Land Resource Centre (Cranfield University) and Rothamsted Research.

DEFRA and EU Objective 5b. MAP (Marches Alternative Protein). ADAS.
PGRO levy funded trials, intermittent from 1994 to 2003.
Annexe 2. Towards a whole crop model for autumn sown white lupin.
The following are the empirically derived equations (models) describing the effects of the environment on plant and crop architecture and behaviour. They have been used to predict crop behaviour in the field and to formulate crop production guidelines or agronomy.

Over winter survival (% of seeds sown) = 0.0004008 x₁² - 0.425 x₁ + 137.1

Calculated at the time that the soil temperature at 10cm first falls below 2°C
No. leaves on the main stem (x_3a) = 0.03977x₁ + 0.918x₂ -7.23

Vernalisation requirement satisfied (AccDDA 1-14°C) = 1339.4 * 0.9741 ^x_3a

No. first order branches per plant = 0.125x_3b + 1.42
Time of first floret open on main stem (AccDDA 3°C) = 20.55x₃ – 46.97x_2b + 1084.9
where x₁ = accumulated thermal time from sowing (AccDDA 3°C), x₂ = mean day length from sowing (h) and x₃ = number of leaves on the main stem (_a pre-vernalisation, _b post vernalisation).
No. yield bearing axes m^-2 (a) = ((seed rate (seeds m^-2) * Over winter survival ) + No. first order branches per plant) * (seed rate (seeds m^-2) * Over winter survival)
Yield potential (y t ha^-1 @ 15% m.c.) 4.16

If PAR approx. >20% y = -------------------------------------------

(1 + EXP (0.05458 * (a - 53.34)))
2.93

If PAR approx. <20% y = -------------------------------------------

(1 + EXP (0.032 * (a - 63.14)))
where a = No. yield bearing axes m^-2, and PAR = the percentage of incident PAR penetrating the canopy to the base of the main stem inflorescence.
Time to start of senescence (AccDDA 3°C) = Time of first floret open on main stem + 800 (for cv. Lucyanne)
Maturity date (days from start of senescence) = 121.3 - 0.0635 p – 3.992 t (for cv. Lucyanne)
where p = mean Potential Soil Moisture Deficit (PSMD) and t = mean maximum air temperature in the 14 days following the start of senescence.

Those in italics are based on an initial examination of the available data and would repay further investigation.

We do not have a robust method for modelling the proportion of incident PAR that penetrates the canopy to the base of the main stem inflorescence.

CSG 15 (Rev. 6/02)