Wild flower Specification Manual By Grahame Dixie and Matthew Swift
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69 Yarrow (Achillea milliefolium) Description and Habitat: Yarrow is a very common plant throughout all of the UK and succeeds in adapting to many different habitats. It normally grows from 5 to 60cm, depending upon how often its cut. It produces very finely divided leaves that grow from the main stem, at the top of each stem is a flat cluster of creamy/white flowers from June to September. Yarrow is essentially a common and resilient meadow plant however its also occasionally found in heaths, marshes and woodlands. (H7,M38, W22,23,24, MG1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, CG2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, U1,4,6,10,13,14,20). Yarrow is found in soil pHs from 4 and 8. It is drought tolerant but sensitive to waterlogging and is often found in relatively fertile soil conditions and on both un-grazed and grazed grassland.
Role: Yarrow does very well in most grassland situations accept very wet or shaded sites. It is very tolerant of cutting and can be included in flowering lawns. Cutting can take place in spring or autumn and the plant can persist in unmanaged grassland but is relative intolerant of competition from taller herbs Yarrow is an important nectar source. 70 Yellow Iris (Iris pseudocorus) Description and Habitat: One of only two native Irises, the Yellow Iris is a magnificent plant growing from 50-200cm tall with strong reed like leaves and yellow flowers. The yellow flowers have 3 large down slopping petals and 3 smaller up facing ones. Flowering extends from May to July. Yellow Iris usually grows in marshes, ditches, damp meadows, beside rivers and ponds but can also found in wet woodlands. (M4,22,23,27,28, W1,5,6,7, MG6,10,12). The plants needs permanently moist, neutral soils.
Role: Yellow Iris is suitable for wet sites whether in sunlight, partial shade or beside rivers and ponds. Flowering is stronger in sunlight. The plant rapidly expands and can be invasive. Although of little butterfly value, the Yellow Iris gives off a sweet smell and attracts a great many bees and hoverflies. 71 Yellow Archangel (Lamiastrum galebdolon) Description and Habitat: The Yellow Archangel is a relative of the nettle and grows to 20-60cm in height with its jagged arrow leaves and faintly hairy stem it produces several ringlets of small yellow hooded flowers, which are extremely pretty when examined closely. The Yellow Archangle usually flowers from May to July. This is a plant of ancient woods and old hedge banks. It tolerates deep shade and will flower without any exposure to direct sunlight, but produces its best colour in semi-shade. (W7,8,9,10,12,14). It is found extensively in Southern England, and the Midlands but does not grow in Scotland, Ireland or West Wales. The Yellow Archangle is found in woodlands and similar shaded habitats, often the soil conditions are moderately fertile and with a thick tree litter.
Role: An important and attractive flower for introduction into mixed deciduous woodlands and particularly sites with heavier soils or on the banks of shaded rivers and streams. Once established the plant will propagate by means of stolons. The Yellow Archangel is useful plant for the dark, damp areas of the garden, where it will add some brightness in the early summer Normally planted in small or large groups and not as individuals, it is commonly visited by bees an flies.. 72 Yellow Meadow Vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) Description and Habitat: Yellow Meadow Vetchling is a climbing and sprawling legume. The plant usually grows from 30-120cm and produces clusters of yellow flowers. Each flower is tightly knitted and has a mixture of large and small petals, with a flowering times from May to August. The Yellow Vetchling is found in wet and moist grasslands, mires and the occasional woodland (W24, MG1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,12, CG2,3,4,8, M13,22,23,24,26,27,28). Yellow Vetchling is found mainly in neutral grasslands but tolerate a range of pHs and relatively high fertility’s.
Role: Yellow Meadow Vetchling is an important plant of wet meadows with a range of fertility’s and pHs. It can sustain itself in unmanaged grasslands or a cut can be taken in the spring or autumn. Yellow Vetchling is an important source of nectar for butterflies and is a larval host plant for the Wood white butterfly. 73 Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) Description and Habitat: The Yellow or Common Toadflax is a late flowering plant between 5-50cm tall. The flowers number 10-15 per a stork are often compared to yellow snapdragons and are produced from July to October. The Toadflax is generally found in disturbed artificial habitats such as rubble, spoil, cinders, hedgerows and roadsides. (CG6). The plant is found in soils within the range of pHs from 5.5 to 8 and in dry, unshaded conditions with low fertility’s.
Role: Yellow Toadflax is a plant for dry, infertile sites where the plant will not be strongly competed against. It is suitable for introducing on waste sites, tips, building sites, gravel and roadsides. It is tolerant of cutting and will not persists in unmanaged swards. In the garden situation the plant is suitable for introducing beside drives and into gravel. Care should be exercised when planting into the herbaceous border as Toadflax can spread extremely quickly. Yarrow is an important nectar source. 74 Yellow Rattle (Rhianthus minor)) Description and Habitat: Yellow Rattle is a 10 - 50cm tall summer annual producing yellow flowers in May through to July. The seed rattle in their inflated calyces when ripe. This plant is semi-parasitic on grasses and will reduce the vigour of grass sward. Yellow Rattle is found mainly on well-drained calcareous soils but is also found on a range of other sites (MG1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, CG1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, U15, 17).
Role: Yellow Rattle has a vital role in reducing grass vigour in grass which will not grazed or cut in the spring and early summer. Seed can be oversown from August through to December at 0.125 gm/m2. The grass should be cut short (i.e. 2 - 5cm) in late February to facilitate seeding emergence. The grass should not be cut again until late July. The grass should be kept short from August to March as it prevents the grass from outdoing the small seedlings. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||