Science Priorities for Mars Sample Return

Ashley, J. W., S. W. Ruff, P. R. Christensen, and L. A. Leshin, 2007, METALLIC IRON IN METEORITES AS A SENSITIVE TRACER OF SURFACE-VOLATILE INTERACTIONS ON MARS – A PROGRESS REPORT (abs.). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII, abs. # 2264.

Bandfield J.L., Glotch T.D., and Christensen P.R. 2003 Spectroscopic identification of carbonate minerals in the Martian dust. Science, 301, 1084-1087.

Baross, J.A., Deming, J.W., 1995. Growth at high temperatures: isolation and taxonomy, physiology, and ecology. In. Karl DM (ed.) The microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., p. 169-217.

Bertelsen, P., W. Goetz, M. B. Madsen, K. M. Kinch, S. F. Hviid, J. M. Knudsen, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, J. Merrison, P. Nornberg, S. W. Squyres, J. F. Bell, III, K. E. Herkenhoff, S. Gorevan, A. S. Yen, T. Myrick, G. Klingelhofer, R. Rieder, and R. Gellert (2004), Magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater, Science, 305, 827-829.

Bibring J.-P., Langevin Y., Mustard J. F., Poulet F., Arvidson R., Gendrin A., Gondet B., Mangold N., Pinet P., Forget F., the OMEGA team, Berthe M., Gomez C., Jouglet D., Soufflot A., Vincendon M., Combes M., Drossart P., Encrenaz T., Fouchet T., Merchiorri R., Belluci G., Altieri F., Formisano V., Capaccioni F., Cerroni P., Coradini A., Fonti S., Korablev O., Kottsov V., Ignatiev N., Moroz V., Titov D., Zasova L., Loiseau D., Pinet P., Doute S., Schmitt B., Sotin C., Hauber E., Hoffmann H., Jaumann R., Keller U., Arvidson R., Duxbury T., Forget F., and Neukum G. (2006) Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data 10.1126/science.1122659. Science 312(5772), 400-404.

Bishop, J. L., S. L. Murchie, C. M. Pieters, and A. P. Zent (2002), A model for formation of dust, soil, and rock coatings on Mars: Physical and chemical processes on the Martian surface, J. Geophys. Res., 107(E11), 5097, doi:10.1029/2001JE001581

Boctor, N., J. Wang, C. Alexander, and E. Hauri, Volatile abundances and hydrogen isotope signatures of melt inclusions and nominally anhydrous minerals in the chassignites and ALH84001, Lunar Planet Sci. XXXVII ,2006, Abst. #1412.

Bogard, D., A reappraisal of the Martian 36Ar/38Ar ratio, J. Geophys Res., Planets 102, NoE1, 1997, p.1653-1661.

Bogard D.D. and Johnson P. (1983) Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite? Science 221, 651-654.

Bogard D., Clayton R., Marti K., Owen T., and Turner G. (2001) Martian volatiles: isotopic composition, origin, and evolution, Space Sci. Rev. 96, 425.

Borg L. E. and Drake M. J. (2005) A Review of Meteorite Evidence for the Timing of Magmatism and of Surface or Near-Surface Liquid Water on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research 110,.E12SO3, doi:10.1029/2005JE002402, 2005.

Borg L.E. and Draper D.S. (2003) A petrogenetic model for the origin and compositional variation of the Martian basaltic meteorites. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 38, 1713-1732.

Borg L. E., Nyquist L. E., Wiesmann H., Shih C. –Y., and Reese Y. (2003) The Age of Dar al Gani 476 and the Differentiation History of the Martian Meteorites Inferred from their Radiogenic Isotopic Systematics. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 3519-3536.

Borg L. E., J. N. Connelly, L. E. Nyquist, C. -Y. Shih, H. Wiesmann, and Y. Reese (1999), The age of the carbonates in Martian meteorite ALH84001. Science, 268, 90-94.

Brandon, A.D., Walker, R.J., Morgan, J.W., and Goles, G.G. (2000) Re-Os isotopic evidence for early differentiation of the Martian mantle. LPSC XXXI, abstract # 1676.

Bridges J.C., Catling D.C., Saxton J.M., Swindle T.D., Lyon I.C. and Grady M.M. 2001 Alteration assemblages in Martian meteorites: implications for near-surface processes. In Evolution of Mars R. Kallenbach, J. Geiss and W. K. Hartmann, pp.365-392, Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Bullock, M. A., C. R. Stoker, C. P. McKay, A. P. Zent, A coupled soil-atmosphere model of H2O2 on Mars, Icarus;  107, 142 - 154, 1994  

Cady, S.L., and J.D. Farmer (1996), Fossilization processes in siliceous thermal springs: trends in preservation along the thermal gradient, in, Evolution of hydrothermal ecosystems on Earth (and Mars), ed. G.R. Bock and J.A. Goodie, Ciba Symposium 202, John Wiley, Chichester, pp 150-173.

Carr M.H. 2006 The Surface of Mars. Cambridge University Press pp307.

Carsey, F.D., L.W. Beegle, R. Nakagawa, J.O. Elliott, J.B. Matthews, M.L. Coleman, M.H. Hecht, A.B. Ivanov, J.W. Head, S.M. Milkovich, D.A. Paige, A.N. Hock, D.I. Poston, M. Fensin, R.J. Lipinski and T.M. Schriener, Palmer Quest: A feasible nuclear fission 'Vision Mission' to the Mars Polar Caps, Proceedings of the 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Con-ference, #1944, 2005

Christensen, P. R. (1986), Regional dust deposits on Mars: Physical properties, age, and history, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3533-3545.

Christensen, P. R., M. B. Wyatt, T. D. Glotch, A. D. Rogers, S. Anwar, R. E. Arvidson, J. L. Bandfield, D. L. Blaney, C. Budney, W. M. Calvin, A. Fallacaro, R. L. Fergason, N. Gorelick, T. G. Graff, V. E. Hamilton, A. G. Hayes, J. R. Johnson, A. T. Knudsen, H. Y. McSween Jr., G. L. Mehall, J. E. Moersch, R. V. Morris, M. D. Smith, S. W. Squyres, S. W. Ruff, and M. J. Wolff (2004), Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES experiment on the Opportunity Rover, Science, 306 (5702), 1733-1739.

Christensen P. R. plus 11 coauthors (2005) Evidence for magmatic evolution and diversity on Mars from infrared observations. Nature 436, 504-509.

Christner, B. C., E. Mosley-Thompson, L. G. Thompson, J. N. Reeve (2001) Isolation of bacteria and 16S rDNAs from Lake Vostok accretion ice. Environmental Microbiology, 3 (9), 570–577. doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00226.x

Clark, B. C., Morris, R. V. and 22 others and the Athena Science Team (2005) Chemistry and mineralogy of outcrops at Meridiani Planum, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240, 73-94

Clark, B. C., Arvidson, R. E. and 14 others (2007) Evidence for montmorillonite or its compositional equivalent in Columbia Hills, Mars. J. Geophys. Res., 112, E06S01, doi:10.1029/2006JE002756.

Clemett, S. et al. (2006) Observations and analysis of in situ carbonaceous matter in Nakhla: Part I. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, #2251.

COSPAR (2002, 2005), Planetary Protection Policy, October 2002, as amended, March 2005; http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm.

Dartnell, L. R., L. Desorgher, J. M. Ward, and A. J. Coates, 2007, Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology. Biogeosciences, 4, 545–558

Davis, J. Medical issues for a mission to Mars. Symposium on Space Medicine. Texas Medicine 94(2) Pp 47-55 Feb 1998

Delano J. W. (1986) Pristine lunar glasses: Criteria, data, and implications. Proc. 16th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., D201-D213.

Des Marais, D. J., Allamandola, L. J., Benner, S. A., Boss, A. P., Deamer, D., Falkowski, P. G., Farmer, J. D., Hedges, S. B., Jakosky, B. M., Knoll, A. H., Liskowsky, D. R., Meadows, V. S., Meyer, M. A., Pilcher, C. B., Nealson, K. H., Spormann, A. M., Trent, J. D., Turner, W. W., Woolf, N. J., Yorke, H. W. (2003) The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap. Astrobiology 3, 219-235.

Des Marais, D. J., N. Cabrol and the Athena Science Team (2007) Assessing the potential for ancient habitable environments in Gusev crater, Mars. Seventh International Conference on Mars, Pasadena, CA, July 9-13, 2007.

Eigenbrode, J.L. (2007) Fossil Lipids for Life-Detection: A Case Study from the Early Earth Record. Space Science Reviews, doi 10.1007/s11214-007-9252-9

Elsila et al (2005) Alkylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 1349-1357.

Eugster O. 2001 Cosmic-ray Exposure Ages of Meteorites and Lunar Rocks and Their Significance. Chemie der Erde, 63, 3-30.

Farmer, J.D. 1998. Thermophiles, early biosphere evolution and the origin of life on Earth: Implications for the exobiological exploration of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 28,457-28,461.

Farmer, J., 1999. Taphonomic modes in microbial fossilization. pp. 94-102, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms. Space Studies Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.

Farmer J. D. and D. J. Des Marais, 1999, Exploring for a record of ancient Martian life. Journ. Geophys. Res. 104 (E11) 26,977-26,995.

Farmer, J. D. 2000. Hydrothermal Systems: Doorways to Early Biosphere Evolution, GSA Today 10(7), 1-9.

Farquhar J., Savarine J., Jackason T., and Thiemens M. (2000) Evidence of atmospheric sulphur in the Martian regolith from sulphur isotopes in meteorites, Nature 404, 50.

Feldman W.C., Prettyman t.H., Maurice S. et. 2004 The global distribution of near surface hydrogen on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 109(e9), doi: 10.1029/2003JEO2160.

Fisher, D. A. Mars' water isotope (D/H) history in the strata of the North Polar Cap: Inferences about the water cycle. Icarus, 187 (2), pp. 430-441, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.032.

Flynn, G.J., McKay, D.S., 1990. An assessment of the meteoritic contribution to the Martian dust. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 14 497–14 509.

Gibson, E.K., Wentworth, S.J., and McKay, D.S. (1983) Chemical weathering and diagenesis of a cold desert soil from Wright Valley, Antarctica: an analog of martian weathering processes. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 13, A912-A928.

Glavin, D.P., Dworkin, J.P., Aubrey, A., Botta, O., Doty, J.H., III, Martins, Z., and Bada, J.L. (2006) Amino acid analyses of Antarctic CM2 meteorites using liquid chromatography – time of flight – mass spectrometry. MAPS 41, 889-902.

Goetz, W., P. Bertelsen, C. S. Binau, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, S. F. Hviid, K. M. Kinch, D. E. Madsen, M. B. Madsen, M. Olsen, R. Gellert, G. Klingelhofer, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, R. Rieder, D. S. Rodionov, P. A. de Souza, Jr., C. Schroder, S. W. Squyres, T. Wdowiak, and A. S. Yen (2005), Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust, Nature, 436, 62-65.

Golden, D. C., Ming, D. W., Morris, R. V. and Mertzman, S. A. (2005) Laboratory-simulated acid-sulfate weathering of basaltic minerals: Implications for formation of sulfates at meridiani Planum and Gusev crater, Mars. J. Geophys. Res., 110, E12S07, doi:10.1029/2005JE002451.

Goldstein, J.I. et al. (2005) Microstructure and thermal history of metal particles in CH chondrites. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, 1391.

Golombek M.P. et al. (18 authors) 2006 Geology of the Gusev cratered plains from the Spirit rover traverse. J. Geophys. Res. 111(E2), doi:10.1029/2005JE002503.

Gooding, J. L., M. H. Carr and C. P. McKay (1989) The case for planetary sample return missions 2. History of Mars. EOS 70, 745 & 754-755.

Grotzinger, J. P., Bell III, J. F. and 16 others (2005) Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a dry to wet eolian depositional system, Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240, 11-72.

Hardie, L. A., Lowenstein, T. K. and Spencer, R. J. (1985) The problem of distinguishing between primary and secondary features in evaporates. 6th Int’l. Symp. On Salt, 1, 11-39.

Hartmann W. K. and G. Neukum (2001) Cratering chronology and the evolution of Mars. Space Sci. Rev. 96, 165-194.

Haskins, L.A.,et al. 2005. Water alteration of rocks and soils from the Spirit Rover site, Gusev Crater, Mars. Nature 436: 66-69.

Head, J. W., D. R. Marchant, M. C. Agnew, C. I. Fassett and M. A. Kreslavsky, Extensive valley glacier deposits in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars: Evidence for Late Amazonian obliquity-driven climate change, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 663-671, 2006.

Head, J. W. and D. Marchant, Cold-based mountain glaciers on Mars: Western Arsia Mons, Geology, 31:7, 641-644, 2003.

Hecht, M. and the Chronos team, CHRONOS: A journey through Martian history. Fourth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration (2006), Abstract #8096

Herkenhoff, K. E., et al. (2004) Evidence from Opportunity’s microscopic imager for water on Meridiani Planum. Science 306: 1727-1730.

Herkenhoff, K. E., S. Byrne, P. S. Russell, K. E. Fishbaugh, and A. S. McEwen, Meter scale morphology of the north polar region of Mars. Science 317 (5845) pp. 1711-1715, Sept 21 2007.

Hurowitz, J. A., McLennan, S. M. and 6 others (2006) In situ and experimental evidence for acidic weathering of rocks and soils on Mars. J. Geophys. Res., 111, E02S19, doi:10.1029/2005JE002515.

Hurowitz, J. A., Tosca, N. J., McLennan, S. M. and Schoonen, M. A. A. (2007) Production of hydrogen peroxide in Martian and lunar soils. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 255, 41-52.

James O. B., Lindstrom M. M., and Flohr M. K. (1989) Feroan anorthosite from lunar breccia 64435: Implications for the origin and history of lunar ferroan anorthosites. Proc. 19th Lunar Planet Sci. Conf., 219-243.

Jones, JA, Barratt, M., Effenhauser, R., Cockell, C. And Lee, P. Medical Issues for a Human Mission to Mars and Martian Surface Expeditions. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 57(3/4): March/April 2004 p.144-160

Karcz, J, and the MSL Sample Cache Science Definition Group, 2007, DRAFT scientific requirements for a possible Mars Science Laboratory sample cache, NASA Ames Research Center document A9SP-0703-XR04.

Kieffer H.H., Martin T.Z., Peterfreund A.R., Jakosky B.M. et al. 1977 Thermal and albedo mapping of Mars during the Viking primary mission. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4249-91.

Klein, H.P., 1978. The Viking biological experiments on Mars. Icarus 34, 666–674.

Klein, H.P., 1979. The Viking Mission and the search for life on Mars. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 17, 1655–1662.

Konhauser, K. (2007) Introduction to Geomicrobiology. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 425 pp.

Leshin, L., S. Epstein, and E. Stolper, Hydrogen isotope geochemistry of SNC meteorites, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60, 1996, pp.2635-2650.

Lutz RA, Shank TM, Fornari DJ et al. (1994) Rapid growth at deepsea vents. Nature, 371, 663–664.

MacPherson, G.J. and Mars Sampling Advisory Group (2001) The First Returned Mars Samples: Science Opportunities. In: McCleese D., Greeley, R., and MacPherson G. (eds) Science Planning for Mars. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 01-7 (53 pp). Available on the web at at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

MacPherson, G.J., and the MSR Science Steering Group (2002), Groundbreaking MSR: Science requirements and cost estimates for a first Mars surface sample return mission. Unpublished white paper, http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

MacPherson, G.J. and the Mars Sample Return Science Steering Group II (2005). The first Mars surface-sample return mission: Revised science considerations in light of the 2004 MER results, Unpublished white paper, TBD p, Appendix III of Analysis of Science Priorities for Mars Sample Return, Based on Knowledge Through 2007; posted March 2008 by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

Mahaffy, P. and 15 co-authors (2003), Report of the Organic Contamination Science Steering Group. Unpublished white paper, http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

Mathew K. J. and Marti K. (2005) Evolutionary trends in volatiles of the nakhlite source region of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 110, E12S05.

McCollum, T.M., Shock, E.L., 1997. Geochemical constraints on chemolithoautotrophic metabolism by microorganisms at seafloor hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 61, 4375-4391.

McKay, D. S., Fruland, R. M., Heiken, G. H. (1974) Grain size and the evolution of lunar soils. Lunar Science Conference Proceedings 5th, 887-906.

McLennan, S. M. and Grotzinger, J. P. (in press) The sedimentary rock cycle on Mars. In: J. F. Bell III (ed.) The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties. Cambridge Univ. Press (Cambridge).

McLennan, S.M., J.F. Bell III, W.M. Calvin, P.R. Christensen, B.C. Clark, P.A. de Souza, J. Farmer, W.H. Farrand, D.A. Fike, R. Gellert, A. Ghosh, T.D. Glotch, J.P. Grotzinger, B. Hahn, K.E. Herkenhoff, J.A. Hurowitz, J.R. Johnson, S.S. Johnson, B. Jolliff, G. Klingelho¨ fer, A.H. Knoll, Z. Learner, M.C. Malin, H.Y. McSween Jr., J. Pocock, S.W. Ruff, L.A. Soderblom, S.W. Squyres, N.J. Tosca, W.A. Watters, M.B. Wyatt, A. Yen Provenance and diagenesis of the evaporite-bearing Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars Earth and Planetary Science Letters 240 (2005) 95–121

McSween H. Y., T. L. Grove and M. B. Wyatt (2003) Constraints on the composition and petrogenesis of the Martian crust. J. Geophys. Res. 108, E12, 5135, doi:10.1029/2003JE002175.

McSween, H. Y., Arvidson, R. E., Bell III, J. F., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N. A, Christensen, P. R. Clark, B. C., Crisp, J., Crumpler, L. S., Des Marais, D. J., Farmer, J. D., Gellert, R., Ghosh, A., Gorevan, S., Graff, T., Grant, J., Haskin, L. A., Herkenhoff, K. E., Johnson, J. R., Joliff, B. L., Klingelhoefer, G., Knudson, A. T., McLennan, S., Milam, K. A., Moersch, J. E., Morris, R. V., Rieder, R., Ruff, S. W., deSouza, P. A., Squyres, S. W., Wänke, H., Wang, A, Wyatt, M. B, Yen, A., Zipfel, J. (2004) Basaltic rocks at the Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater. Science, Vol. 305. Number 5685, 842-845.

McSween, H.Y. et al., Alkaline Volcanic Rocks from the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars. October, 2006. JGR-Planets, Vol. 111, E09S91, doi:10.1029/2006JE002698.

MEPAG (2001), Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities, in Science Planning for Exploring Mars, JPL Publication 01-7, p. 9-38. Available on the web at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

MEPAG (2004), Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2003. Unpublished document, http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

MEPAG (2005), Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2005, 31 p. white paper posted August, 2005 by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

MEPAG (2006), Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2006, J. Grant, ed., 31 p. white paper posted February, 2006 by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html

MEPAG SR-SAG (Special Regions Science Analysis Group) (2006), Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group, Astrobiology 6, 677-732. The document can also be accessed at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html

MEPAG MHP-SSG (Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group) (2005). An Analysis of the Precursor Measurements of Mars Needed to Reduce the Risk of the First Human Missions to Mars. Unpublished white paper, 77 p, posted June, 2005 by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html

Michael, T. M., Feldman, W.C. and Prettyman, T.H. 2004 The presence and stability of ground ice in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Icarus , 169, 324-340.

Milkovich, S.M. and J.W. Head, North polar cap of Mars: Polar layered deposit characterization and identification of a fundamental climate signal. Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets 110(E1), p. E01005 (2005).

Ming, D. W., Mittlefehldt, D. W. and 15 others (2006) Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater. J. Geophys. Res., 111, E02S12, doi:10.1029/2005JE002560.

Murchie, S., J. Mustard, J. Bishop, J. Head, C. Pieters, and S. Erard (1993), Spatial variations in the spectral properties of bright regions on Mars, Icarus, 105, 454-468.

Nakamura-Messenger, K. et al. (2007) Stardust curation at Johnson Space Center: photodocumentation and sample processing of submicron dust samples from Comet Wild 2 for meteoritics science community. LPSC XXXVIII, 2191.

National Research Council, 1978, Strategy for the Exploration of the Inner Planets: 1977-1987, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 1990a, Update to Strategy for Exploration of the Inner Planets, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 1990b, International Cooperation for Mars Exploration and Sample Return, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 1994, An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 1996, Review of NASA’s Planned Mars Program, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 2001, Assessment of Mars Science and Mission Priorities, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, Space Studies Board, 2002, Safe On Mars: Precursor Measurements National Research Council, 2006, Assessment of NASA’s Mars Architecture 2007-2016, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

National Research Council, 2007, An Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., www.nap.edu.

Nealson et al. 1997

Neukum, G., R. Jaumann, H. Hoffmann, E. Hauber, J. W. Head, A. T. Basilevsky, B. A. Ivanov, S. C. Werner, S. van Gasselt, J. B. Murray, T. McCord & The HRSC Co-Investigator Team, 2004. Recent and episodic volcanic and glacial activity on Mars revealed by the High Resolution Stereo Camera. Nature 432, 971-979.

Nier, A.O. and M.B. McElroy,  Composition and structure of Mars' upper atmosphere: Results from the neutral mass spectrometers on Viking 1 and 2, J. Geophys Res. 82, No 28, 1977, p.4341-4350

Noble, S.K. et al. (2007) Probing the depths of space weathering: a cross sectional view of lunar rock 76015. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII, 1359.

O’Neil, William J., and Cazaux, Christian, 2000, THE MARS SAMPLE RETURN PROJECT, Acta Astronautica, Vol. 47, Nos. 2-9, pp. 453-465.

Owen, T., Biemann, K., Rushneck, D., Biller, J., Howart,h D., and Lafleur, A. (1977) The composition of the atmosphere at the surface of Mars, J. Geophys Res. 82, 4635-4640.

Owen, T., J. Mailard, C. de Bergh, and B. Lutz, Deuterium on Mars: The abundance of HDO adn the value of D/H., Science 240, 1988, p.1767-1770.

Pepin R. (1991) On the origin and early evolution of terrestrial atmospheres and meteoritic volatiles, Icarus 92, 2.

Peterson, R.C.; Nelson, W.; Madu, B.; Shurvell, H.F. 2007 Meridianiite (MgSO4-11H2O): A New Mineral Species Observed on Earth and Predicted to Exist on Mars. Seventh International Conference on Mars, LPI Contribution No. 1353, p.3124.

Petit, J. R. et al. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399, 429-436 (3 June 1999) | doi:10.1038/20859.

Potter, P. E., Maynard, J. B. and Depetris, P. J. (2005) Mud and Mudstone: Introduction and Overview. Springer-Verlag, 297pp,

Poulet F., Bibring J.-P., Mustard J. F., Gendrin A., Mangold N., Langevin Y., Arvidson R. E., Gondet B., and Gomez C. (2005) Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early Martian climate. Nature 438(7068), 623-627.

Ruff, S. W. (2004), Spectral evidence for zeolite in the dust on Mars, Icarus, 168 (131-143).

Ruff S.W. et al. 2007 Evidence for a Possible Siliceous Sinter Deposit at Home Plate in Gusev Crater. EOS Transactions, AGU 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.

Rummel, J.D., Race, M.S., DeVincenzi, D.L., Scad, P.J., Stabekis, P.D., Viso, M., anmd Acevedo, S.E. (2002) A Draft Test Protocol for detecting possible biohazards in martina samples returned to Earth.NASA publication CP-2002-211842, 129 pp.

Russell, M.J. and Hall, A.J., 1996. The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front. Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 154, 1997, pp. 377–402.

Schopf, J. W. (1983) Earth’s Earliest Biosphere, its origin and evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 543 pp.

Schultz, P. H. and Mustard, J. F. (2004) Impact melts and glasses on Mars, Jour. Geophys. Res., 09 (E01001), doi: 10:1029/2002JE002025.Woese, C.R., Kandler, O., Wheelis, M.L., 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc. Natl., Acad. Sci. USA. 87, 4576-4579.

Shean, D. E., J. W. Head, and D. R. Marchant, Origin and Evolution of a Cold-Based Tropical Mountain Glacier on Mars: The Pavonis Mons Fan-Shaped Deposit. J. Geophys. Research 110, doi:10.1029/JE002360, 2005.

Shean, D. E., J. W. Head, III, J. L. Fastook, and D. R. Marchant, Recent glaciation at high elevations on Arsia Mons, Mars: Implications for the formation and evolution of large tropical mountain glaciers, J. Geophys. Res., 112, E03004, doi:10.1029/2006JE002761, 2007.

Shearer, C.K., Burger, P.V., Papike J.J., Borg, L.E., Irving A.J., and Herd C. (2008) Petrogenetic linkages among Martian basalts. Implications based on trace element chemistry of olivine. MAPS, in press.

Sherwood Lollar, B., Westgate, T.D., Ward, J.A., Slater, G.F., Lacrampe-Couloume, G. (2002) Abiogenic formation of gaseous alkanes in the Earth's crust as a minor source of global hydrocarbon reservoirs. Nature 416, 522-524.

Shih C. -Y., L. E. Nyquist, Y. Reese, and H. Wiesmann (1998), The chronology of the nakhlite Lafayette: Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic ages, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXIX, Abstract #1145.

Shih C. -Y., H. Wiesmann, L. E. Nyquist, and K. Misawa (2002), Crystallization age of Antarctic nakhlite Y000593: Further evidence for nakhlite launch pairing, Antarctic Meteorites XXVII, 151-153.

Singer, R. B. (1982), Spectral evidence for the mineralogy of high-albedo soils and dust on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10,159-10,168.

Squyres S.W., Grotzinger J.P., Arvidson R.E., Bell J.F., Calvin W., Christensen P.R., Clark B.C., Crisp J.A., Farrand W.H., Herkenhoff K.E., Johnson J.R., Klingelhofer G, Knoll A.H., McLennan S.M., McSween H.Y., Morris R.V., Rice J.W., Rieder R. and Soderblom LA. 2004 In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars, Science, 306, 1709-1714.

Squyres, S.W., Knoll, A.H., 2005. Sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum: origin, diagenesis, and implications for life on Mars. Earth & Planetary Sci. Lett., 240, 1-10.

Squyres, S. W. and Knoll, A. H., Eds. (2005) Sedimentary Geology at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Elsevier, 189pp.

Squyres S. W., et al. (2006) Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle crater to Purgatory ripple. J. Geophys. Res. 111, E12S12, doi:10.1029/2006JE002771.

Squyres, S. W. et al. (2007) Pyroclastic activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 316, 738-742.

Squyres, S. W., and T. A. S. Team (2007), Recent results from the Spirit Rover at Home Plate and "Silica Valley", Eos Trans. AGU, 88 (52, Fall Meet. Suppl.), Abstract P21C-01.

Steele A., Goddard D.T., Stapleton D., Toporski J.K.W., Peters V., Bassinger, V., Sharples G., Wynn-Williams D.D. and McKay D.S. (2000). Imaging of an unknown organism on ALH84001. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 35 (2). 237 – 241.

Steele, A., Toporski J., Avci, R., Agee, C. and McKay D.S. (2001) Investigations into the Contamination of lunar return material. Part 1 Surface analysis and imaging investigations. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 32, Abs # 1624.

Steele, A., L Beegle, D. DesMarais, B. Sherwood-Lollar, C. Neal, P. Conrad, D. Glavin, T. McCollom, J. Karcz, C. Allen, E. Vicenzi, S. Cady, J. Eigenbrode, D. Papineau, V. Starke, M. Glamoclija, M. Fogel, L. Kerr, J. Maule, G. Cody, I. Ten Kate, K. Buxbaum, L. Borg, S Symes, D. Beaty, C. Pilcher, M. Meyer, C. Conley, J. Rummel, R. Zurek, and J. Crisp (2008). Report of the joint NAI / MEPAG Mars Science Laboratory Caching Working Group. Unpublished white paper, 17 p, posted Feb. 2008 by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.

STEELE, A., M. D. FRIES, H. E. F. AMUNDSEN, B. O. MYSEN, M. L. FOGEL, M. SCHWEIZER, and N. Z. BOCTOR, 2007, Comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy of carbonate globules from Martian meteorite ALH 84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 42, Nr 9

Stroud, R.M. et al. (2006) Polymorphism in presolar Al2O3 grains from asymptotic giant branch stars. Science 305, 1455-1457. Wilson, L., and J. Head (2007), Explosive volcanic eruptions on Mars: Tephra and accretionary lapilli formation, dispersal and recognition in the geologic record, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 163, 83-97, doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.03.007.

Swindle T. D., A. H. Treiman, D. L. Lindstrom, M. K. Burkland, B. A. Cohen, J. A. Grier, B. Li, and E. K. Olsen (2000), Noble gasses in iddingsite from the Lafayette meteorite: Evidence for liquid water on Mars in the last few hundred million years, Meteoritic Planet. Scie., 35, 107-115.

Symes, S.J., Borg, L.E. Shearer, C.K., and Irving, A.J. (2008) The age of the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 1195 and the differentiation history of the shergottites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71, in press.

Toporski J and Steele, A. (2007). Observations from a 4 year contamination study of a sample depth profile through Martian meteorite Nakhla. Astrobiology, April 1: 389 – 401.

Tosca. N. J., McLennan, S. M., Lindsley, D. H. and Schoonen, M. A. A. (2004) Acid-sulfate weathering of synthetic Martian basalt: The acid fog model revisited. J. Geophys. Res., 109, E05003, doi:10.1029/2003JE002218.

Tosca, N. J., McLennan, S. M. and 6 others (2005) Geochemical modeling of evaporation processes on Mars: Insight from the sedimentary record at Meridiani Planum. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 240, 122-148

Treiman A.H. (1990) Complex petrogenesis of the Nakhla (SNC) meteorite: Evidence from petrography and mineral chemistry. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 20th, 273–280. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 

Vago, J. L. and Kminek, G., 2007, Putting Together an Exobiology Mission:  The ExoMars Example, Chp. 12 in Complete Course in Astrobiology, G. Horneck and P. Rettberg editors, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

Valley J.W., Eiler J.M., Graham C.M., Gibson E.K., Romanek C.S. and Stolper E.M. 1997 Low-temperature carbonate concretions in the Martian meteorite ALH84001: Evidence from stable isotopes and mineralogy. Science, 275, 1633-1637.

Wadhwa, M. (2001) Redox state of Mars’ upper mantle and crust from Eu anomalies in shergottite pyroxene. Science, 292, 1527-1530.

Wanke H., Bruckner J., Dreibus G., Rieder R. and Ryabchikov !. 2001 Chenical composition of rocks and soil at the Pathfinder site. Space Scinec Reviews, 96, 317-332.

Warmflash, D., M. Larios-Sanz, J. Jones, G.E. Fox, and D.S. McKay , 2007, Biohazard Potential of Putative Martian Organisms During Missions to Mars, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, V. 78, No. 4, Section II, p. A79-A88.

Wentworth, S. J., E. K. Gibson, M. A. Velbel, and D. S. McKay (2005) Antarctic Dry Valleys and indigenous weathering in Mars meteorites: implications for water and life on Mars. Icarus, v. 174, p. 382-395

Westall, F. & Southam, G. 2006. Early life on Earth. In Archean Geodynamics and Environments (K. Benn, et al. Eds.). pp 283-304. AGU Geophys. Monogr., 164.

Wilson, L. and J.W. Head, (1994) Mars: Review and analysis of volcanic eruption theory and relationships to observed landforms, Reviews of Geophysics, 32, 221-263.

Wright, I.P., Hartmetz, C.P., Russell, S.S., Boyd, S.R., and Pillinger, C.T. (1991) On the properties of Xylan, a lubricant paint used in the dry-nitrogen sample handling cabinets at NASA-JSC. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXII, 1523-1524.

Wright, I.P., Russell, S.S., Boyd, S.R., Meyer, C., and Pillinger, C.T. (1992) Xylan: a potential contaminant for lunar samples and Antarctic meteorites. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 22, 449-458.

Wyatt M. B., H. Y. McSween, K. L. Tanaka and J. W. Head (2004) Global geologic context for rock types and surface alteration on Mars. Geology 32, 645-648.

Yen, A. S., R. Gellert, C. Schroder, R. V. Morris, J. F. Bell, III, A. T. Knudson, B. C. Clark, D. W. Ming, J. A. Crisp, R. E. Arvidson, D. Blaney, J. Bruckner, P. R. Christensen, D. J. Des Marais, P. A. de Souza, Jr., T. E. Economou, A. Ghosh, B. C. Hahn, K. E. Herkenhoff, L. A. Haskin, J. A. Hurowitz, B. L. Joliff, J. R. Johnson, G. Klingelhofer, M. B. Madsen, S. M. McLennan, H. Y. McSween Jr., L. Richter, R. Rieder, D. S. Rodionov, L. A. Soderblom, S. W. Squyres, N. J. Tosca, A. Wang, M. B. Wyatt, and J. Zipfel (2005), An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of Martian soils, Nature, 436, 49-54.

Yen, A. S., R. V. Morris, R. Gellert, B. C. Clark, D. W. Ming, G. Klingelhofer, T. J. McCoy, and M. E. Schmidt (2007), Composition and formation of the "Paso Robles" class soils at Gusev crater, Lunar Planet. Sci., 38, abstract #2030.

Zent, A.P., McKay, C.P., 1994. The chemical reactivity of the Martian soil and implications for future missions. Icarus 108, 146–457.

Zent, A. P., On the thickness of the oxidized layer of the Martian regolith, J. Geophys. Res.,103, 31491-31498, 1998 

Zent, A.P., R.C. Quinn, F.J. Grunthaner, M.H. Hecht, M.G. Buehler, C.P. McKay, A.J. Ricco, 2003. Mars atmospheric oxidant sensor (MAOS): an in-situ heterogeneous chemistry analysis. Planetary and Space Science 51. 167 – 175