Plants of apple grove picnic area honesdale, pa ethnobotany study group
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Corresponding Essential Oils from Apple Grove Botanical Study List EO annotations & quotations from: Illustrated Elements of Essential Oils by Julia Lawless, a practical guide to the medicinal and therapeutic use of essential oils; and where noted, Anandaapothecary.com; and mountainroseherbs.com.
EO: Nepeta cataria Extraction: Steam distillation of flowering tops. Uses: Primarly as insect repellent. Use in low dilutions of 1 to 3% in an alcohol or crème base. Excerpted from Anandaapothecary.com: “Catnip essential oil is an especially pungent, herbal oil found to be 10 times more effective than DEET at repelling mosquitos, and can be used at very low concentrations in your formulas for this purpose. It should work remarkably well at repelling all sorts of biting insects, not only mosquitos! “The active compound within the oil is Nepetalactone. The Canadian essential oil contains a slightly higher percentage of neptalactone naturally, with a somewhat more gentle aroma. As we generally recommend blending with other insect-repelling oils, you'll more than likely not notice a difference. We prefer, for example, a blend of 6% Geranium (any type), and 2% each of catnip and citronella. “While the price of the oil is considerably higher than other 'classic' insect repellent oils (such as Citronella, Geranium, Cedarwood and Lemongrass), catnip should be used at a much lower concentration, around 1-3%. It can be effectively blended with these other oils in a base to produce an effective natural insect repellent, without any of the worries of the potential harm from commercial chemicals (DEET has been implicated to potentially cause nerve damage, or disrupt proper growth of the nervous system in children). “One can make a very simple blend including catnip alone in this manner: Mix 1 cup of rubbing alcohol (or Vodka) and 1 cup of water, plus 2 milliliters (40 drops) Catnip essential oil in a spray bottle. Shake vigorously. You can spray this on your clothing as well as on skin, though keep it away from the eyes. If you prefer a blend here, use 8 drops catnip, 8 drops citronella, and 24 drops Geranium. For a 4 ounce formula, this is 7 milliliters Geranium, and 2 1/2 milliliters each Catnip and Citronella oils (there are 20 drops per milliliter). Go here for more on mixing your own natural insect repellents with essential oils.”
Extraction: a concrete and absolute from fresh leaves or flowers Properties: expectorant, laxative, soporific, diuretic, liver decongestant, circulatory stimulant; mild analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic Home aromatherapy uses: Skin: acne, eczema, refines pores, wounds Circulation, muscles & joints: fibrosis, poor circulation, rheumatism Respiratory: Bronchitis, mouth and throat infections Nervous system: dizziness, headaches, insomnia, nervous exhaustion Notes: scent was believed to soothe & strengthen the heart. Safety data: non toxic, non irritant; possible sensitization in some individuals.
EO from Deertongue - Carphephorus odoratissimus; family: asteraceae A herbaceous perennial plant distinguished by a naked receptacle and feathery pappus with large, fleshy, dark green leaves, clasped at the base. The dried leaves have a vanilla like odor.. Extraction: Oleoresin by solvent extraction from dried leaves Home aromatherapy uses: None. Safety data: Coumarin has toxic properties including liver injury and hemorrhages. Possible dermal irritation and photo toxicity due to lactones present. Actions: Antiseptic, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic.
Extraction: by steam distillation from dried roots and rhizomes. Home Aromatherapy use: None. Safety Data: Severe dermal irritation. Recommended not for use on the skin at all. NB: Elcampane is a rich source of inulin. Sweet inulin oil is said to have sedative, anti inflammatory, hyperthermic, cardioregulative, diuretic and depurative actions. Use as inhalation or aerosol treatment can avoid dermal reactions.
In aromatherapy, Primrose is used as a carrier which is excellent for the skin oil. (from ananaapothecary.com: “Evening Primrose contains gamma-linolenic acid. Evening primrose in combination with other fatty acids helps the body produce prostaglandin E1, which can reduce inflammation and improve digestion. This cold-pressed, lightly refined oil can be taken internally to supplement GLA. Evening Primrose oil has been used to support skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema, and may help premature skin aging. In fact, Evening Primrose oil has an extensive body of research noting its ability to help with a variety of irritated skin conditions. It is generally thought to be the case that the omega-3 essential fats are very supportive in reducing inflammation.”
EO: Extraction: Essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves and flowering tops. Home Aromatherapy use: None. Oral toxin due to thujone content. Abortifacient. Actions : Anthelmintic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholerectic, diaphorectic, diurectic, emmenagogue, nervine, orexigenic, stimulant, stomachic, uterine tonic, vermifuge.
EO: Rosa damascena; family rosaceae Extraction: by steam distillation from fresh petals Aromatherapy Home use: Skin care, circulation, respiratory system, digestive, genitourinary system, nervous system. Actions: tonic for the heart, liver, stomach and uterus. Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti tubercular agent, antiviral, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, cicatrizant, depurative, emmenagogue, hemostatic, hepatic, laxative, sedative.
Brassica nigra; family: brassicaceae Extraction: by steam or water distillation from the black mustard seeds which have been macerated in warm water. Home Aromatherapy use: None. Not recommended for therapy, internal or external. Safety data: Oral toxin, dermal toxin, mucuous membrane irritant. Considered one of the most toxic of all essential oils.
“Evidence of a type of peppermint has been found in tombs in Egypt, dating back 1000 BCE. Used in both Eastern and Western medicine for a variety of complaints: indigestion, nausea, sore throat, diarrhea, headaches, toothaches.” Extraction: steam distillation from the flowering herb. Aromatherapy use: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphologistic, antiseptic, antispasmod, antiviral, astringent, carminative, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervice, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, vermifuge. (Not compatible with homeopathic treatment) Circulation system: neuralgia, muscular pain, palpatations Digestive: colic, cramp, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea Nervous system: headache, mental fatigue, stress, vertigo Respiratory system: asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, spasmodic cough
EO: pinus sylvestries (Scotch pine) Extraction: dry distillation of the needles. Aromatherapy use includes: Circulation: arthritis, gout, muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, rheumatism Respiratory: asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, sinusitis Genitourinary: cystitis; urinary infection Immune: colds, flu Nervous system: fatigue, nervous exhaustion, neuralgia Safety data: non toxic, non irritant; possible sensitization; avoid in skin allergies.
Traditional use: Known for wound healing and antidepressant properties. The plant is used dried, as an infused oil, and an essential oil. EO Extraction: Steam distilled flowering herb Properties: Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, astringent, nervine, vulnerary Aromatherapy use: Anxiety, bruises, depression, mild burns, neuralgia, rheumatic pain, sciatica, sunburn, tension, toothache, varicose veins, wounds. The essential oil may be added to balms, ointments, and massage oils for topical applications.
Extraction: Steam distillation from dried root bark chips. Home Aromatherapy use: None. Highly toxic and not to be used internally or externally. Even in small amounts has been known to cause death. Carcinogen, irritant, abortifacient.
EO: Black Spruce, Picea mariana Extraction: Steam distilled needles and twigs Aromatherapy use: muscular aches and pains, poor circulation and rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, coughs and general weakness. In 'Aromatherapy Scent and Psyche', Peter Damian notes: "Antiseptic, expectorant, and antitussive, black spruce oil is an ideal remedy for all lung ailments (e.g. asthma and bronchitis) whether utilized as an inhalant or a cough remedy. Indeed, the vital etheric energy (prana) condensed and transmitted in and by black spruce effectively vibrates throughout the respiratory, nervous and glandular systems." (From anandaapothecary.com) Properties: antimicrobial, antiseptic, antitussive, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, rubefacient and general tonic.
EO Betula Lenta - Extraction: steam distillation of bark Aromatherapy Use: Use with caution. From anandaapothecary.com: “The essential oil of Birch, being made up almost exclusively of methyl salicylate, a precursor to common aspirin; Birch should NOT be used by people who are allergic to aspirin. Further, Birch should NEVER be ingested, and only used topically in dilutions of 25% or less to limit the transdermal absorption to safe levels. The salicylates pass through the skin, entering the tissues to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. Properties: Along with its analgesic effects, Birch also has anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue and stimulant properties. Birch is often included in formulas to open the breathing passages; deep inhalation of its bright aroma can clear the sinuses and stimulate the mind. NB: Birch and Wintergreen essential oils have the same therapeutic actions, and virtually the same chemical compositions.
EO: from Zingiber officinale Extraction: Steam distilled and CO2 distilled. Excerpted from Anandaapothecary.com: “Ginger has a long history of healing for its warming, digestion stimulating properties. In Chinese medicine, it is specified as a warming herb with affinity for the lungs and the intestines. In Ayurvedic cooking, it is added to dishes to enhance a meal's digestability. Interestingly, ginger essential oil has been noted to assist other essential oils in reaching their target organs.” Traditional uses: traditionally used to alleviate motion sickness, and can be used as a general digestive tonic for upset stomachs, and specifically indicated for flatulent intestinal colic. Properties: carminative, stimulant, rubefacient, aperative, stomachic, antiseptic, general tonic, febrifuge and analgesic. Also been indicated for circulation in the joints and muscles, and for helping arthritis, rheumatism and general aches and pains. “It may be added to almost any massage blend for this purpose; its relative strength allows for low concentrations.” For the respiratory system: “ginger oil can be used as part of a chest rub blend, in a bath, or in hot tea. Ginger is also noted as a sexual tonic - Women in Senegal weave ginger root in the belts of their mates to increase sexual potency.”
EO: Use with caution (see Sweet Birch) in modest amounts. Keep away from children. Wintergreen should NOT be used by people who are allergic to aspirin. Further, Wintergreen should NEVER be ingested, and only used topically in dilutions of 25% or less to limit the transdermal absorption to safe levels. NB: The dried leaf and stem are current in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia as a specific for rheumatoid arthritis Properties: analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue and stimulant properties.
EO: Achillea millefolium, Yarrow or Blue Yarrow "Achillea" tells us of its use by Achilles, the great Greek warrior, for healing of his wounds, and that of his soldiers. ("Millefolium" notes its finely, feathery leaves). Properties: “Yarrow’s synergy therapeutic properties make it a first choice for wound healing in the initial stages:anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic (alleviates or prevents rheumatism), antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, astringent, haemostatic and citrisant" a group of properties which implies it can stop bleeding, speed new skin formation, and reduce inflammation.” Also may be used for any irritated skin condition, especially where dryness is present. and treatments for eczema; as a calmative for insomnia; reducing allergic symptoms. “Yarrow is also noted for its benefits for the digestive system, being used to relieve stomach cramps and gall-bladder pain. As an anti-spasmodic and carminative (an agent preventing the formation of gas in the stomach and the intestinal system), it can be massaged into the abdomen at a relatively high strength in carrier: 5-10% for adults, 1-3% for children - though we would recommend mandarin for children's digestive issues.” *** |
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