New south wales

4. GOAL AND AIMS

4.1. Goal

To maintain viable populations of kangaroos throughout their ranges in accordance with the principles of ecologically sustainable development.

The principles of ecologically sustainable development are defined in the EPBC Act.

In order to attain its overarching goal, this management plan has seven aims, each of which encompasses a particular facet of kangaroo management. When the aims are combined, they set strategic directions for the management of the commercial kangaroo harvest in NSW.

Under each aim there are one or more actions detailing both how the aim will be delivered and operational directions for kangaroo management. A range of performance indicators for each action have also been developed so that progress towards achieving the goal and aims of the management plan can be measured.

Throughout the life of this plan, aims will be audited annually against performance indicators, with a major assessment and review at the end of the management plan’s five-year term.

4.2. Aims

1. MANAGE COMMERCIAL OPERATORS VIA LICENSING

2. ENSURE HUMANE TREATMENT OF KANGAROOS

3. MONITOR INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE

4. MONITOR KANGAROO POPULATIONS

5. FACILITATE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

6. UNDERTAKE PROGRAM REPORTING AND REVIEW

7. PROMOTE COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION

5. MANAGEMENT ACTIONS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

AIM 1: MANAGE COMMERCIAL OPERATORS VIA LICENSING

ACTION 1: All relevant activities are licensed in accordance with the applicable New South Wales legislation and OEH policy.

Performance indicator:

1.1 All licences across NSW are assessed, processed and issued in accordance with NSW legislation and OEH policy.

A random sample of licences issued will be audited on a quarterly basis to ensure licences are being issued in accordance with the relevant legislation and policy; OEH procedures are being followed correctly; accurate information is being entered into appropriate databases; and licences are being assessed and issued appropriately. This performance indicator is also a measure of success in the training of staff who approve and issue licences.

ACTION 2: Licence conditions are effective and reflect current New South Wales legislation, OEH policy and the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016.

Performance indicators:

2.1 Licence conditions are reviewed at least annually and where necessary amended.

2.2 Licensees are advised in writing of changes to licence conditions within one month of such changes being approved by the Manager, Kangaroo Management Program.

AIM 2: ENSURE HUMANE TREATMENT OF KANGAROOS

ACTION 3: OEH will work with the New South Wales Firearms Safety and Training Council Ltd to ensure that all harvesters are competent to achieve the standards set out in the National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of Kangaroos and Wallabies for Commercial Purposes.

Performance indicators:

1. 
   All successful applicants for harvester’s licences have completed the approved accreditation and their accreditation is current.
   
2. 
   During the life of this plan, the content of the accreditation course will be reviewed and revised if necessary.
   

ACTION 4: OEH staff will monitor compliance with the National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of Kangaroos and Wallabies for Commercial Purposes by commercial kangaroo industry operators.

Performance Indicators:

1. 
   All licensees who are found to have breached licence conditions relating to animal welfare are issued with Penalty Notices or are prosecuted as appropriate.
   
2. 
   During the life of this plan, a selection of harvesters will be audited to determine the level of compliance with the Code of Practice in the field.
   

ACTION 5: OEH will facilitate research into improving animal welfare outcomes associated with the commercial harvest of kangaroos.

Performance indicator:

5.1 Issues associated with the animal welfare aspects of the commercial harvest are identified and research proposals are sought from universities and other research institutions during the life of this plan.

AIM 3: MONITOR INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE

ACTION 6: OEH staff will undertake both regular and opportunistic monitoring of compliance by commercial kangaroo industry operators.

In addition, OEH has a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the New South Wales Food Authority in relation to the inspection of premises used to store kangaroo carcases. Under the terms of this MOU, issues pertinent to OEH will continue to be examined by New South Wales Food Authority officers during their inspections of harvesters and registered premises, and referred to OEH for investigation if required. Authorised OEH officers will reciprocate. A similar agreement is in place between OEH and AQIS in relation to inspection of carcases at processing plants registered for the export of meat products for human consumption. Under the agreement, information pertaining to possible breaches of OEH licence conditions are reported by AQIS and where appropriate, further investigated by OEH.

Performance indicators:

6.1 On receipt of harvester’s licence applications, the authorised OEH officer assessing the applications will ensure that applicants have both a valid NSW harvester accreditation and a valid Firearms Licence.

6.2 All chiller premises are inspected every three months on average during the life of this plan by OEH staff and/or staff of the New South Wales Food Authority to ensure compliance with NSW legislation and licence conditions. Where a chiller premises has not been registered for the full calendar year, inspections will be required on a pro rata basis. Chiller premises that are registered but known to be non-operational may not require regular inspection.

6.3 All kangaroo processing works in NSW are inspected every three months on average during the life of this plan by OEH staff and/or staff of the New South Wales Food Authority to ensure compliance with NSW legislation and licence conditions.

6.4 During the life of this plan, harvesters’ vehicles loaded with kangaroo carcasses are inspected opportunistically to ensure compliance with NSW legislation and licence conditions and the results of these inspections are documented.

ACTION 7: Activities not in accordance with the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016 and NSW legislation will be investigated and where an offence has been committed and it is appropriate, prosecuted.

Performance indicator:

7.1 Reports of unlicensed activities and activities in breach of licence conditions are investigated to the fullest extent possible, and where sufficient evidence is available offenders are issued with Penalty Infringement Notices or prosecuted as appropriate.

ACTION 8: The accuracy of industry returns will be continually monitored during the life of this plan.

Performance indicator:

8.1 During the life of this plan, all incoming industry returns are scrutinised and discrepancies are investigated and resolved.

Auditing industry returns encompasses manual assessment of returns, application of the customised licensing database utilised by OEH which includes numerous validation rules that assist in ensuring the integrity of data, and extensive verbal and written communication between OEH staff and industry operators.

ACTION 9: A compliance database will be maintained to support investigations, inspections and audits.

Performance indicator:

9.1 A compliance database is maintained.

Relevant compliance information stored in the customised database includes reports of alleged breaches of the NPW Act and/or licence conditions, investigation activities undertaken and outcomes of investigations. Data input is accurate and timely.

AIM 4: MONITOR KANGAROO POPULATIONS

The four currently commercially utilised kangaroo taxa – M. rufus, M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. robustus robustus – are widespread and abundant in NSW. The 2010 population estimate for these kangaroo species in commercial Kangaroo Management Zones (KMZs) totalled approximately 8.5 million. M. robustus erubescens has not been monitored since 2002, at which time the species population was estimated to be approximately 12,000.

A great deal is known about the biology of kangaroos including their habitats, distributions (Section 3), diets and reproduction, and this knowledge is continually improving. In particular, the reproductive biology of kangaroos has been researched extensively. While there are variations between the kangaroo species (e.g. gestation period, lactation period and interval between young), these are relatively well understood and accounted for in the various quotas set for each species. In addition, there is abundant information from direct (periodic) and indirect (continuous both temporally and spatially) monitoring of kangaroos.

The commercial take of kangaroos in KMZs is patchy. Even within a single property the rate of take can vary from zero (un-shot areas) to areas heavily utilised. Kangaroos may move between areas of different utilisation rates. In heavily wooded areas the take can be restricted to the established property tracks only, resulting in use of relatively thin strips of land through the property. In other areas the entire property may be accessible and utilised. Generally commercial utilisation of kangaroos will be biased towards larger animals and therefore males. Kangaroo mortality during drought is also male biased, and female biased populations have been observed in un-shot areas. Kangaroos are polygamous and females will mate with available males. In a female biased population (due to commercial use), with favourable seasonal conditions, almost all adult females will have pouch young.

Results of aerial surveys since the mid-1980s show that kangaroo populations fluctuate primarily in response to seasonal conditions. However, epidemic kangaroo mortalities have been recorded, usually following flooding rain. Reports based on aerial surveys suggest significant short-term reductions in populations, greater than 50%, have occurred in some areas.

As illustrated in Section 3 of this plan, a wide range of literature relating to kangaroos and their management is currently available. Of particular interest is a comprehensive review prepared for the Commonwealth Government titled Commercial Harvesting of Kangaroos in Australia. This review is available on the Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) website (www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/trade-use/wild-harvest/kangaroo/harvesting/index.html) and encompasses topics including the biology of the harvested kangaroo species, the effects of harvesting on kangaroo populations, animal welfare issues and the conservation status of the harvested kangaroo species. A review of recent scientific literature relevant to the commercial harvest has been prepared (Herbert & Elzer 2011) and is available on the Kangaroo Management Program’s webpage.

ACTION 10: Population surveys will be conducted annually for the western plains and three yearly for tableland zones and other areas that require helicopter surveys.

Fixed-wing aircraft are used across the western plains of NSW to annually survey kangaroo populations. Survey lines have been established at regular intervals across this region and the same lines are surveyed at the same time every year to allow comparison of results between years.

In the tablelands areas, much of the terrain is too steep to be safely surveyed using fixed-wing aircraft so helicopters are used instead. Risk analysis indicates that helicopter surveys undertaken every three years provide an acceptable balance between survey intensity and frequency (Pople 2003; Pople et al. 2003; Pople et al. 2006). Survey frequencies shorter than three years are prohibitively expensive, and longer than three years increase the risk to kangaroo populations.

Full details of survey techniques and data analysis protocols are contained in separate documents provided to the Commonwealth, and are available to the public via the Kangaroo Management Program web page.

For the four species currently harvested commercially – M. rufus, M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. robustus robustus – the quota will be adjusted based on the most recent population estimate and will therefore account for all kangaroo mortalities, including those unrelated to commercial use.

A commercial harvest quota for M. robustus erubescens will only be set after direct monitoring of this population in the Barrier Ranges district.

Performance indicators:

10.1 Kangaroo population estimates are obtained using standard survey methodology throughout the life of this plan.

There are three standard survey techniques that may be employed for direct monitoring of kangaroo populations.

1. 
   Broad-scale aerial surveys using fixed-wing aircraft (fixed strip-width transect survey methodologies). This technique is used to obtain annual population estimates in the western areas of the NSW commercial zone.
   
2. 
   Medium/small-scale surveys using a helicopter (line transect survey methodology). This technique is used primarily in areas not suitable for fixed-wing surveys, e.g. South East NSW, Central and Northern Tablelands. Surveys will be conducted at a frequency of at least once every three years while a commercial quota is in force.
   
3. 
   Small-scale surveys conducted on foot (line transect survey methodology). This technique is rarely employed in this context due to the high associated costs.
   

Ground surveys utilising the line transect survey methodology are used to establish a ratio between the two species, as M. giganteus and M. fuliginosus cannot be distinguished from the air. There is currently no evidence the ratio of these species changes significantly in a short period of time, and therefore frequent surveys are not required and may not be required during the life of this plan. Harvest data will be monitored and ground surveys will be initiated if a significant change in the ratio is indicated.

ACTION 11: Commercial kangaroo harvest quotas will be set in accordance with the provisions of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016.

Each occupier's licence for the commercial use of kangaroos specifies the number of each species that can be taken. When the annual quota for a species has been reached in a KMZ, no additional occupier's licences will be issued allowing commercial utilisation of that species in that KMZ until the following year.

Unless undertaken as part of an approved adaptive management experiment (see Action 16), commercial quotas will be set at 15 percent of the population estimate for eastern grey kangaroos, western grey kangaroos and wallaroos and 17 percent of the population estimate for red kangaroos. Not all kangaroo species are harvested in each NSW KMZ. It is important to note that the most recent scientific information available is considered when determining annual quotas and that analysis of this information may result in quotas being decreased in order to maintain the viability of kangaroo populations.

Based on kangaroo population dynamics, quotas set at 15 to 17 percent are considered sustainable in the long-term. Kangaroo populations are expected to continue to fluctuate primarily in response to seasonal conditions, and the quota does not seek to achieve a specific density of kangaroos.

Performance indicators:

11.1 All commercial kangaroo harvest quotas are set in accordance with the provisions of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016 throughout the life of the plan.

11.2 The Commonwealth Government is advised of commercial harvest quotas for the following calendar year by 30 November.

The Quota Report will contain the following information:

• 
  population estimates for each species in each zone and method of survey used
  
• 
  quotas calculated as a proportion of population estimate as per the approved Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan (including Special Quota)
  
• 
  any proposed changes to quotas
  
• 
  any new commercial zones and justification based on survey
  
• 
  charts showing trends in population/quota/take.
  

11.4 The Quota Report is made available to the public via the Kangaroo Management Program web page.

ACTION 12: If kangaroo populations decline to specific trigger points, the commercial harvest of particular species in particular zones will be reduced or suspended.

This management plan aims to allow kangaroo populations to change according to seasonal conditions. Calculating trigger points based on long-term average populations or densities, and standard deviations, recognises these environmental differences. ‘Standard deviation’ is a statistical measure of how much the population changes relative to its average – in erratic environments, the population changes much more and the standard deviation is larger than in environments that are more stable. This means that the ‘standard deviation’ is different for each species in each zone. The standard deviations will be recalculated after each survey to ensure all available information is utilised. Appendix A provides additional information on the use of population thresholds in harvest management.

Performance indicators:

12.1 Commercial harvest quotas are reduced if population estimates fall below 1.5 standard deviations of the long-term average density, or suspended if population estimates fall below two standard deviations of the long-term average.

If aerial survey results indicate a population has fallen below the long term average density for that species in that zone, the commercial quota will be reduced or suspended for the following calendar year. Where the harvest is suspended, any licences current at that time will be allowed to continue until their expiry, but no new licences authorising the harvest of that species in that zone will be issued. The suspension will remain in place until aerial surveys indicate populations have increased.

Reduction in quota – when populations are below the long-term average by between 1.5 and two standard deviations.

• 
  The annual quota for the following calendar year (commencing January, year 1) will be calculated at ten percent of the population estimate for that species in that zone.
  
• 
  If the next aerial survey indicates populations have increased to less than 1.5 standard deviations below the average, or are above average, the commercial quota will be calculated at 15 or 17 percent of the new estimate for the following calendar year (January, year 2).
  
• 
  However, if the survey indicates populations have further declined and are more than two standard deviations below the average, the commercial quota will immediately be suspended.
  

• 
  There will be no annual quota for the following calendar year (commencing January, year 1) for that species in that zone.
  
• 
  If the next aerial survey indicates populations have increased to between 1.5 and two standard deviations below the average, a commercial quota will be set at ten percent for that species in that zone for the following year (commencing January, year 2).
  
• 
  If the next aerial survey indicates populations have increased to less than 1.5 standard deviations below the average, or are above average, the commercial quota will be calculated at 15 or 17 percent of the new estimate for the following calendar year (commencing January, year 2).
  
• 
  However, if the survey indicates that populations have not increased or have further declined, the harvest suspension will remain in place and no commercial quota will be set for that species in that zone for the following calendar year (commencing January, year 2).
  

ACTION 13: Special kangaroo harvest quotas will be set in accordance with the provisions of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016.

The sole purpose of special quota allocations is to provide for commercial utilisation of kangaroos that would be shot and left in the field under the normal non-commercial licensing system. The special quota will therefore minimise the number of kangaroos shot under non-commercial licences. The special quota can only be considered for release when the commercial quota for a particular KMZ has been fully issued, and will not be allocated in zones where the commercial harvest is reduced or suspended due to low populations.

The use of special quota will depend on one or more of the following:

• 
  A commercial quota was set at the usual proportion for that species in that zone (ie. Not reduced or suspended due to low populations)
  
• 
  climatic trends and local conditions – for example, rainfall in the lowest five percent of historical records over the previous twelve months
  
• 
  Western Lands de-stocking orders
  
• 
  kangaroo population trends.
  

Special quota allocations and the use of the special quota will be reported to the Commonwealth in the Quota Report and Annual Report.

Performance indicator:

Special kangaroo harvest quotas are set and utilised in accordance with the provisions of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016.

ACTION 14: Kangaroo populations will continually be monitored indirectly throughout the life of this plan.

Ongoing monitoring of licence returns by OEH will identify significant changes in the average weights of harvested kangaroos, which, for example, can provide an indication of population health.

Performance indicators:

14.1 Sudden, sustained or acute changes in the average weights of harvested kangaroos, as ascertained from licensee returns, are investigated to determine where practicable the cause of the change.

14.2 Average carcase weights for each species (male and female separately) will be analysed for each month. If the average for any species in any zone falls below the long-term average (at least the last ten years) by more than one standard deviation for three successive months, OEH will undertake investigations to determine where practicable the cause of the change. For example, OEH may conduct smaller scale aerial population surveys; conduct ground-based population surveys; or autopsy kangaroo carcases if disease is a suspected cause of the change. If OEH considers action is necessary to ensure the sustainability of the kangaroo population, it will reduce or suspend the commercial harvest for that species in that zone.

AIM 5: FACILITATE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

ACTION 15: Historical data relating to the commercial kangaroo harvest in New South Wales will be analysed during the life of this plan to identify trends; this analysis will be considered in future kangaroo management programs.

The analysis of historical data relating to the commercial kangaroo harvest in NSW may be undertaken by a range of individuals or organisations including tertiary students, university professionals, consultants or OEH.

Performance indicators:

15.1 Analysis of historical kangaroo harvest and management data is undertaken during the life of this plan.

Data analysis research proposals from external organisations must be accompanied by a project plan that clearly identifies the goals and objectives of the proposed research and outlines performance indicators that enable an assessment of the success (or otherwise) of the research.

15.2 The results of analysis and research using historical kangaroo harvest and management data are published in an appropriate forum.

Consideration of research findings and the results of any analysis are essential in not only the development of future Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plans, but also for facilitating the adaptive management of kangaroo populations, which in turn will aid in maintaining viable populations of kangaroos throughout their ranges. The appropriate forum will vary according to the type of research or analysis. At a minimum, the results of any research undertaken using OEH data should be provided to OEH, and ideally be made available from the Kangaroo Management Program web page.

ACTION 16: Where practicable, experiments will be performed to test deliberate management interventions during the life of this plan.

All proposals to undertake active adaptive management experiments will be reviewed by the Kangaroo Management Advisory Panel and will be critically assessed by OEH with reference to the following criteria:

• 
  the proponents' awareness of relevant background information
  
• 
  whether the proposal considers alternative models and hypotheses
  
• 
  whether the proposal is scientifically rigorous and statistically valid
  
• 
  whether the proposal incorporates a monitoring program
  
• 
  that there is substantial evidence that the risk of permanent damage to kangaroo populations is low
  
• 
  that the proposal is consistent with the goal of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2007 – 2011 and relevant NSW legislation
  
• 
  that the proposal includes consideration of how management may be modified to accommodate the new knowledge gathered from the intervention.
  

Performance indicators:

16.1 All proposals to undertake active adaptive management experiments are reviewed and assessed by OEH in accordance with the criteria outlined in this plan.

16.2 All necessary approvals – including animal care and ethics - are obtained prior to experiments testing deliberate management interventions commence.

In certain situations OEH will seek approval from the Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Experiments requiring such approval may comprise a harvest rate in excess of the harvest rates set out in this plan.

16.3 All adaptive management experiments are continuously monitored and conducted according to approval conditions.

As per the criteria outlined above, all active adaptive management experiment proposals must have monitoring programs incorporated. Monitoring programs must be maintained during the life of the experiment. All monitoring must be conducted in accordance with any conditions imposed with the approval.

16.4 Results of all experiments testing deliberate management interventions are published in an appropriate forum.

The appropriate forum for dissemination will vary according to the type of research and the target audience. However, it is expected that any research conducted as an active adaptive management experiment in accordance with the provisions of this plan will be made available to for the information of the Kangaroo Management Advisory Panel (KMAP – see Aim 6) and OEH for inclusion on the Kangaroo Management Program web page.

ACTION 17: OEH will facilitate research into the ecology and harvest management of kangaroos.

Performance indicator:

17.1 Issues associated with the ecology of harvested species and the management of the commercial harvest are identified and research proposals are sought from universities and other research institutions during the life of this plan.

AIM 6: UNDERTAKE PROGRAM REPORTING AND REVIEW

ACTION 18: An annual report on the New South Wales Kangaroo Management Plan 2012 – 2016 will be prepared and submitted to the Commonwealth.

Performance indicators

18.1 An annual report on the operation of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 - 2016 for the previous calendar year is submitted to the Commonwealth by end of March of the following year.

The Annual Report will include the following information:

• 
  actual harvest, by zone and species, compared to quota
  
• 
  any Special Quota utilised
  
• 
  sex bias and average weights for each species in each zone
  
• 
  non-commercial cull statistics within the commercial harvest zone
  
• 
  compliance statistics:
  
• 
  number of premises inspected
  
• 
  number of penalty notices issued and reason for issue
  
• 
  number of alleged offences investigated and outcomes
  
• 
  number of prosecutions undertaken (offence and outcome)
  
• 
  any joint surveillance/enforcement activities completed.
  
• 
  any unusual situations that arose (e.g. flood/disease outbreak; market factors)
  
• 
  any experiments or research undertaken or sponsored by OEH
  

ACTION 19: The review of the New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016 will commence no later than twelve months prior to the expiry of this plan.

Performance indicators:

19.1 The schedule of OEH Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan review activities initiated no later than 12 months prior to the expiry of this plan will include, but is not limited to:

• 
  strategic planning prior to a full review of the program
  
• 
  compilation of reports including reviews of relevant literature
  
• 
  public meetings / forums including the KMAP and invited scientists
  
• 
  public exhibition of new draft program
  
• 
  KMAP review of public submissions.
  

19.3 The results of the plan review are presented to the Commonwealth and are placed on Kangaroo Management Program web page.

AIM 7: PROMOTE COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION

ACTION 20: Members of the Kangaroo Management Advisory Panel will be provided with relevant information and afforded the opportunity to advise OEH on key kangaroo management issues throughout the life of this plan.

Performance indicators:

20.1 KMAP is provided with monthly updates on commercial harvest and tag issue throughout the life of this plan.

20.2 KMAP is provided with other relevant information as required or as necessary throughout the life of this plan.

20.3 KMAP meets at least twice per year to review progress of New South Wales Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plan 2012 – 2016 in relation to the goal and aims of the plan.

ACTION 21: Relevant public documents will be made available on the Kangaroo Management Program web page.

Performance indicator:

21.1 Throughout the life of this plan the Kangaroo Management Program web page contains the following information as a minimum standard:

• 
  the current and previous Commercial Kangaroo Harvest Management Plans
  
• 
  monthly tag issue and commercial harvest statistics
  
• 
  historical harvest statistics
  
• 
  population survey reports
  
• 
  current population estimates
  
• 
  current commercial quotas
  
• 
  ratified minutes of recent KMAP meetings
  
• 
  contact information for the Kangaroo Management Section
  
• 
  current forms for commercial kangaroo licences.
  

ACTION 22: Publicly available information will be provided to interested parties on request.

Performance indicator:

22.1 Publicly available kangaroo management information is distributed to interested parties as soon as practicable after such a request, in an appropriate format.

ACTION 23: Where appropriate relevant OEH staff will participate in media interviews and prepare media releases.

Performance indicators:

23.1 OEH staff participate in interviews with the media where appropriate.

The Manager Kangaroo Management Section, Director North West Branch and other senior OEH officers participate in appropriate interviews on request from media agencies.

23.2 Media releases are prepared when appropriate for issues of interest to the community such as population surveys and the release of the quota for the next calendar year.

ACTION 24: Relevant information regarding licensing arrangements will be developed as required and distributed to all licensees.

Performance indicators:

24.1 A copy of the current Handbook for kangaroo harvesters is issued with every new harvester's licence throughout the life of this plan to ensure that licensees are apprised of relevant licensing requirements and responsibilities.

24.2 A copy of the current Handbook for kangaroo chiller managers is issued with every new chiller registration or change in nominated manager to ensure that operators are aware of relevant licensing requirements and responsibilities.