International union for the protection of new varieties of plants
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3.4 Test Design3.4.1 The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the growing cycle. 3.4.2 Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least five trees. 3.5 Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be ExaminedUnless otherwise indicated, all observations should be made on 5 trees or plant parts taken from each of 5 trees. In the case of plant parts, the number to be taken from each of the trees should be 2. 3.6 Additional TestsAdditional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be established. 4.Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability4.1 Distinctness4.1.1 General Recommendations It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines. 4.1.2 Consistent Differences The minimum duration of tests recommended in section 3.1 reflects, in general, the need to ensure that any differences in a characteristic are sufficiently consistent. 4.1.3 Clear Differences Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendations contained in the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. 4.2 Uniformity4.2.1 It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines: 4.2.2 For the assessment of uniformity a population standard of 1% and an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 5 plants no off types are allowed. 4.3 Stability4.3.1 In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to be stable. 4.3.2 Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a further generation, or by testing a new plant stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as those shown by the previous material supplied. 5.Grouping of Varieties and Organization of the Growing Trial5.1 The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness is aided by the use of grouping characteristics. 5.2 Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even where produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such characteristics: (a) to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used for examination of distinctness; and (b) to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together. 5.3 The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics: (a) Flower: type (characteristic 6); (b) Petal: color of marginal zone of inner side: white, light pink, dark pink, red, purple (characteristic 12); (c) Expanding leaf: color of blade (characteristic 16); (d) Fruit: size (characteristic 29); (e) Fruit: predominant color (characteristic 35).
6.Introduction to the Table of Characteristics6.1 Categories of Characteristics6.1.1 Standard Test Guidelines Characteristics Standard Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are approved by UPOV for examination of DUS and from which members of the Union can select those suitable for their particular circumstances. 6.1.2 Asterisked Characteristics Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines which are important for the international harmonization of variety descriptions and should always be examined for DUS and included in the variety description by all members of the Union, except when the state of expression of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this inappropriate. 6.2 States of Expression and Corresponding NotesStates of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and to harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical note for ease of recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description. 6.3 Types of ExpressionAn explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative and pseudo qualitative) is provided in the General Introduction. 6.4 Example VarietiesWhere appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression of each characteristic. 6.5 Legend(*) Asterisked characteristic – see Section 6.1.2 (a)–(c) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8, Section 8.1 (+) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8, Section 8.2 7.Table of Characteristics/Tableau des caractères/Merkmalstabelle/Tabla de caracteres
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