4.2 Results from testing of 12-month stored material in 2010
Accession name
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Accession no.
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Period of storage (months)
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No. Samples
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Primary survival
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Secondary survival
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Bud Survival (%)
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Beauty of Bath
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1966-146
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12
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18
|
9
|
|
50
|
Discovery
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1973-189
|
12
|
20
|
14
|
|
70
|
Golden Delicious
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1979-162
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12
|
14
|
5
|
2
|
50
|
Malus Sylvestris
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2004-047
|
12
|
10
|
1
|
|
10
|
MM106
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1999-050
|
12
|
18
|
7
|
|
39
|
Newton Wonder
|
1973-140
|
12
|
16
|
12
|
|
75
|
Norfolk Beefing
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2000-074
|
12
|
18
|
12
|
|
67
|
Ribston Pippin
|
1973-142
|
12
|
10
|
7
|
1
|
80
|
Scotch Bridget
|
1945-019
|
12
|
12
|
2
|
3
|
42
|
5. International Collaborations and Networking
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Dr Matthew Ordidge represented the NFC within the UK Plant Genetic Resources Group throughout the time of the project (the group acts as a technical forum to discuss and implement the conservation and use of plant genetic resources in the UK). NFC hosted the group’s annual technical visit in September 2009 where presentations were given by members of the team on the various aspects of the curational project. Within the group Dr Ordidge was responsible for advising on updates to the UK country report for the FAO technical conference on plant genetic resources in 2010. Dr Ordidge was also involved in the group’s development of project proposals around the need to better inventorise the UK’s vegetable and fruit landraces and was involved in discussions around the development of the UK’s position in relation to new EU legislation on plant repropagating material;
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Dr Ordidge represented the UK within the ECPGR throughout the project in the position of UK Malus/Pyrus and Vitis representative as well as the ECPGR Malus database manager. Dr Ordidge and Dr Chris Turnbull attended the ECPGR database managers meeting in Gembloux during 2008 and Dr Ordidge attended the Malus/Pyrus database managers and group meetings in Weggis in 2012;
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As mentioned above, in addition to the number of ‘day visitors’ (also detailed above) the University hosted researchers visiting the NFC on a longer term basis from Corvinus University Hungary, IRTA, Spain, the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in Iran and the University of Alagoas, Brazil;
-
Dr Andrew Wetten was a member of the cryopreservation COST Action 871 (CryoPlaNet) and attended a COST meeting at the University of Copenhagen as well as the 2nd Dormant Bud Cryopreservation workshop at CNR, National Research Council of Italy. Dr Matthew Ordidge was also involved in the development of a proposal for a new COST network on co-ordinating Malus genetic resources with members of the ECPGR group (although this was unsuccessful in obtaining funds);
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The University was a partner in the EU FP7 FruitBreedomics project and Dr Matthew Ordidge attended a number of project meetings. The complementarity between the curation of the NFC and the FruitBreedomics project allowed characterisation work to be focussed on the needs of the breeders and allowed data on the collections to be made available to a broad range of key users in the research and breeding community. Collaborating with such an experienced consortium created efficiency for the NFC by enabling work to remain in line with the state of the art in the use of molecular markers within fruit germplasm;
-
The University hosted visits from fruit breeders at Colors Fruit, SA and crosses were made over 2 years within the collection by Colors staff and colleagues at East Malling Research;
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Presentations were given to a number of interested groups in the UK (see 6.1) and the collections and curational project was publicised at a number of relevant public events by the University and FAST (again, detailed in 6.1);
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Dr Matthew Ordidge presented posters in the genetic resources symposium of the International Society of Horticultural Sciences Congress in Lisbon (2010) and at the Eucarpia genetic resources conference in Wageningen (2011) as well as attending the Rosaceous Genomics Conference in Trento (2012). Prof Jim Dunwell attended the Rosaceous Genomics Conference in South Africa (2010) and took part in discussions on developing an international consortium approach to developing genotyping chips. Prof Jim Dunwell also attended the Plant and Animal Genomes conference in San Diego (2012);
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Dr Matthew Ordidge attended meetings organised by: RHS, to develop their links with Plant Heritage collection holders; Orchard groups, in Harlow Carr, to consider a heritage pear surveying project and the Traditional Orchard Habitat Action Plan (HAP) one-day conference in July 2012. The University also hosted a meeting of the Traditional Orchards HAP group in October 2011;
-
The National Fruit Collections Trust and Brogdale Collections organised an anniversary conference to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the collections at Brogdale in 2012 and Dr Matthew Ordidge gave a presentation on the development and scientific curation of the collection;
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We continued to be members of PlantNet and Plant Heritage/National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG);
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The University signed up as an associate member of AEGIS as part of its role in ECPGR.
Further details relating to the above are summarised below (within Presentations and Publications).
6. Exploitation and Utilisation
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In addition to making genetic material (graft/budwood, leaves, fruit, pollen etc.) and primary accession details available (both detailed above), data were supplied from the collections to a wide range of researchers: SSR data were made available for research and comparison with other collections (Milestone 23); characterisation data were made available to allow the selection of accessions for further research; meteorological and flowering data were made available (again, as detailed above). The physical collections and archive were also made available to wide range of research visitors (also detailed above);
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The collections were included in a number of teaching activities in the University: samples from the collections were used to demonstrate the diversity in cultivated crops as part of a BSc module on Plant Diversity, Structure and Utilisation; details of the curational work and database were presented as examples in modules on the MSc course, Plant Diversity; the NFC was used as a site for student visits as part of the BSc/MSc Horticulture field course. A number of student projects utilised material and data from the NFC, specifically: in considering potential characters that would be required to develop a standard herbarium specimen (a project that was later developed into a CASE PhD studentship in collaboration with Sainsbury’s aiming to analyse fruit shape and digital identification systems); four BSc student projects studied phenology using the collections, either to assess the potential to gather new data (on phenomena such as leaf fall and extension growth) or to analyse the existing datesets; two projects utilised samples from the collections to assess variation in phytochemical contents of fruit;
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The utilisation of the collections as a public attraction was continuously developed by Brogdale Collections: guided and non-guided tours were offered to the public; a number of festivals were run at specific times throughout each year and focussed on blossom, cherries, plums, cider and apples. Brogdale Collections also hosted a number of non-research related professional visits (as detailed above);
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A number of research project proposals were developed with an aim to further exploit the resources of the NFC, including a proposal to BBSRC to study the genetic control of flowering in apple, and a BBSRC DRINC proposal to investigate specific components of phytochemical content in the apple collection; we were also partners in two further FP7 research project proposals aimed at developing an integrated European genebank system along the lines of ECPGR and AEGIS (EUROGENEBANK and Plant Gene Access); unfortunately none of these was successful in obtaining funding;
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Members of the NFC team were commissioned to develop a literature review for the Cider industry (Sustainable Cider Apple Production, Eleni Vysini, Jim Dunwell, Bob Froud-Williams, Paul Hadley, Paul Hatcher, Matthew Ordidge, Michael Shaw and Nick Battey, 2011) and information in the NFC archives formed a substantive part of the background literature.
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The basis of a long-term experiment to investigate the potential response of a range of varieties to climate change in the UK was established with supporting funding from the National Fruit Collections Trust. Representative accessions (21 varieties, selected for differential flowering/ripening time, requirement for winter chill, growth habit and some commercial standards) from the collections were propagated and planted in a randomised experimental layout such that polytunnel structures can be placed over the trees in coming years. The experiment will include two different temperature regimes (adjusted from ambient in line with climate predictions of UKCP09) as well as an ambient control; differential water availability will be applied at three levels through controlled irrigation. The experiment will run alongside the maintenance of the collections at Brogdale and act as a platform for further research projects.
6. 1 Publications and presentations:
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The project was publicised in University literature including: the Bulletin, November 2008; Research Review, issue 7, Winter 2008-09 and was also highlighted in an article in Defra’s ‘Landscape’ publication in 2008/9;
-
The University/FAST exhibited a stand introducing the project at the National Fruit Show, October 2008 and the Brogdale Apple Festival, October 2008;
-
Prof Paul Hadley gave a presentation on the NFC project to the Worshipful Company of Fruiterers in April 2008;
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Prof Paul Hadley gave a presentation on the NFC project to the Friends of the Harris Garden, in January 2009, University of Reading;
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The University/FAST exhibited a stand detailing the project at the National Fruit Show, in October 2009 at the Kent Showground;
-
Prof Paul Hadley gave a presentation on the NFC project at the Museum of English Rural Life ‘Apple Day’ in October 2009, University of Reading;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge gave a presentation updating on the NFC project to the Worshipful Company of Fruiterers in February 2010;
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The University exhibited a stand on ‘The Future of Fruit’ detailing the development of the NFC as a genetic resource at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show (and were awarded a bronze medal); as part of this Dr Matthew Ordidge discussed the University’s work at the NFC on two local BBC radio shows;
-
Tim Biddlecombe and Dr Matthew Ordidge wrote an article on the development of the fruit industry and the NFC project for the RHS Garden Magazine (published in October 2010);
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge gave presentations summarising the workings of the NFC and research at the University to the RHS Northern Fruit Group (May 2010); the Lichfield Science and Engineering Society (September 2010) and at the Eden Project’s SW Fruit Focus event (October 2010);
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge presented a poster (with a short oral presentation) summarising the workings of the NFC in the Genetic Resources section of the ISHS Horticultural Congress in Lisbon in August 2010;
-
Prof Paul Hadley and Dr Matthew Ordidge presented the work during the NFC at the University’s Museum of Rural Life ‘Apple Day’ event in October 2010 and with Tim Biddlecombe at the Brogdale Apple Festival in October 2010;
-
Prof Jim Dunwell presented a poster summarising the molecular genetic work on the collections at the Rosaceous Genomics Conference (RGC5) in South Africa during November 2010;
-
Dr Andy Wetten gave a presentation at the COST Action 871 – CryoPlaNet meeting on the cryopreservation of apple [and cocoa] germplasm collections in Angers during February 2011;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge presented a poster (with a short oral presentation) summarising the workings of the NFC at the Eucarpia European Plant Genetic Resources Conference at Wageningen in April 2011;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge gave a presentation on the curation and development of the NFC to the Friends of the National Fruit Collections at Brogdale at their Blossom Walk event in May 2011;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge was invited to give a presentation summarising the workings and the curation of the NFC at the James Hutton Institute ‘Fruit Focus’ event in July 2011;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge presented the work at the NFC at the UoR Museum of Rural Life ‘Apple Day’ event in October 2011 and with Prof Paul Hadley presented the work at the Brogdale Apple Festival in October 2011;
-
Drs Matthew Ordidge and Chris Turnbull gave presentations on the NFC curation and database development to the Traditional Orchard Habitat Action Plan group in October 2011;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge gave a presentation summarising the curation of the collections at the NFC anniversary conference and presented a stand at the Brogdale apple festival summarising the collection as a genetic resource as well as the UoR Museum of Rural Life apple day event in October 2012;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge gave a presentation summarising the curational work to the Friends of Bristol University Botanic Garden in October 2012;
-
The University presented a summary of curational activity and demonstrated a range of diversity from the collections at the Royal Berkshire Show in September 2013;
-
Dr Matthew Ordidge presented a summary of curational work and findings at the Association of Applied Biologists, Fruits and Roots conference at East Malling in November 2013.
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References to published material
|
9. This section should be used to record links (hypertext links where possible) or references to other
published material generated by, or relating to this project.
-
Peer reviewed publications:
C.Vogiatzi, B.W.W.Grout, A.Wetten and T.B.Toldam-Andersen. (2011) Cryopreservation of Winter-Dormant Apple Buds: I – Variation in Recovery with Cultivar and Winter Conditions. CryoLetters 32 (4), 358-366.
C. Vogiatzi, B. W.W Grout, A.Wetten and B. T. Toldam-Andersen. (2011) Cryopreservation of winter-dormant apple buds: II - tissue water status after desiccation at -4°c and before further cooling. Cryoletters 32(5): 367-376.
Vogiatzi, C., Grout, B.W.W. and Wetten, A. (2012) Cryopreservation of winter-dormant apple: iii – bud water status and survival after cooling to -30°C and during recovery from cryopreservation. CryoLetters 33(2): 160-168.
Steven van Nocker, Garrett Berry, James Najdowski, Roberto Michelutti, Margie Luffman, Philip Forsline, Nihad Alsmairat, Randy Beaudry, Muraleedharan G. Nair and Matthew Ordidge. (2012) Genetic diversity of red-fleshed apples (Malus). Euphytica, 185, 2, 281-293, DOI: 10.1007/s10681-011-0579-7.
Szalay, L., Ordidge, M., Ficzek, G., Hadley, P., Toth, M. and Battey, N. H. (2013) Grouping of 24 apple cultivars on the basis of starch degradation rate and their fruit pattern. Horticultural Science, 40 (3). pp. 93-101. ISSN 1805-9333.
A further publication on the cryopreservation process is in progress, as are publications on the genetic analysis of the apple collections by DArT and a comparative analysis of the European apple genetic resource collections using SSR markers under the FruitBreedomics project.
Other publications utilising data or material supplied during the project:
Archetti, M. (2009) Evidence from the domestication of apple for the maintenance of autumn colours by coevolution. Proc. R. Soc. B, 276, 2575-2580.
Baric, S., Storti, A., Hofer, M., Dalla Via, J. (2012) Resolving the parentage of the apple cultivar ‘Meran’. Erwebs-Obstbau, 54, 143-146.
Sehic, J., Garkava-Gustavsson, L., Fernández-Fernández, F., Nybom, H. (2012) Genetic diversity in a collection of European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars determined with SSR markers chosen by ECPGR. Scientia Horticulturae, 145, 39-45.
Storti, A., Dalla, J., and Baric, S. (2012) Comparative molecular genetic analysis of apple genotypes maintained in germplasm collections. Erwebs-Obstbau, 54, 137-141, DOI 10.1007/s10341-012-0168-5.
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