Phylum: Sarcomastigophora

A. Origins

i. Endosymbiont

ii. Archaea

iii. Polyphyletic

B. General Characteristics of the Protozoa

i. Size

a. Surface to Volume Ratio -

ii. Complexity

iii. Pellicle

a. Ectoplasm

b. Endoplasm

iv. Excretion and Osmoregulation

a. Contractile Vacuoles

a. Autotrophs

• Photosynthesis
b. Heterotrophic

• Phagocytosis

• Cytopharynx

• Cytopyge

vi. Locomotion

a. Cilia

b. Flagella

c. Pseudopodia

• Process

vii. Reproduction

a. Asexual

• Binary Fission

• Budding

• Schizogony

b. Sexual

viii. Cysts

• Encystment

• Excystment

C. Symbiotic Relationships

i. Parasitic

a. Parasite and Host

b. Multiple Hosts

• Definitive Host

• Intermediate Host

ii. Commensalistic

iii. Mutualistic

2. Protozoan Taxonomy

A. Phylum Sarcomastigophora

i. Subphylum Mastigophora

a. Class Phytomastigophorea

• Dinoflagellates

* Abundance

* Autotrophic

* Mutualistic Relationships
* Red Tides

√ Example: Ceratium

√ Example: Pfisteria piscida

• Euglena

* General

* Stigma

* Chloroplasts

* Flagella

* Pyrenoid

• Volvox

* Asexual Reproduction

* Sexual Reproduction

√ Dioecious

√ Monecious

b. Class Zoomastigophorea

• Example: Trypanosoma sp. (Causes African Sleeping Sickness)

* Vector: Tsetse Fly

* Intermediate host

* Definitive Host

ii. Subphylum Sarcodina (The Amebas)

a. Psudopodia

b. Test or Shell

* Calcareous

* Proteinaceous

* Siliceous

* Chitinous

c. SuperClass Rhizopoda

• Class Lobopodia (Lobosea)

• Class Filopodia

• Class Reticulopodia

• Class Axopodia

ii. Superclass Actinopoda

a. Foraminiferans

b. Heliozoans

c. Radiolarians

B. Phylum Labyrinthomorpha

C. Phylum Apicomplexa

i. Class Sporozoea

a. Example: Plasmodium

• Life Cycle – see diagram

* Schizogony

• Vector – mention the term vector

• Cryptosporidium

• Toxoplasma

D. Phylum Microspora

E. Phylum Acetospora

F. Phylum Myxozoa

G. Phylum Ciliophora

i. Cilia

ii. Pellicle

iii. Holozoic

iv. Nuclei: Dikaryotic

v. Trichocysts

vi. Trichocysts

vii. Nutrition

a. Example: Paramecium caudatum

* Oral Groove

viii. Osmoregulation

a. Contractile Vacuole

ix. Reproduction

a. Asexual

• Budding

• Fission

b. Sexual: Conjugation

• Macronucleus