Talking About War – Secular Theology and Nobel Sacrifice in Walzer’s Just War Discourse Abstract

Arguing About War, Paperback Edition (Yale: Yale University Press, 2005), xi

4 Jean Baudrillard, ‘L’Espirit du Terrorisme’, in Stanley Hauerwas editor, Dissent form the Homeland: Essays after September 11 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002)), 408.

5 Walzer, Arguing About War, 8.

6 Andrei Tarkovsky, Solaris (London: Artificial Eye, 1972).

7 Emmanuel Levinas, Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1999), 33.

8 Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being: Or Beyond Essence, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1999), 7-11.

9 Derrida, Of Grammatology, 13

10 Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument With Historical Illustrations, Fourth Edition (New York: Basic Books, 2006), 14.

11 Ibid., xxiii.

12 Ibid., 11-12.

13 Michael Walzer, Interpretation and Social Criticism (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1987a), 21.

14 Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1994), 8.

15 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, xxiii-xxiv. Walzer, Thick and Thin, 16.

16 Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defence of Pluralism and Justice (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983), xv.

17 Walzer, Thick and Thin, 1.

18 Ibid., 4.

19 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 54.

20 Walzer, Thick and Thin, 9.

21 Levinas, Otherwise than Being, 5.

22 Ibid., 6-7.

23 A similarity that is particularly interesting when considering Walzer’s declared affinity with Rousseau’s writings.

24 Derrida, Of Grammatology, 195-196.

25 Ibid., 202.

26 Walzer, Interpretation and Social Criticism, 4.

27 Ibid., 12.

28 Ibid., 19-21.

29 Walzer, Spheres of Justice, 304.

30 Walzer, Interpretation and Social Criticism, 47.

31 Walzer, Thick and Thin, 12-13.

32 Jacques Derrida, Dissemination, trans. Barbara Johnson (London: The Athlone Press, 1981), ix.

33 Derrida, Of Grammatology, 159.

34 Ibid., 247.

35 Derrida, Dissemination, 93.

36 Derrida, Of Grammatology, 154.

37 Ibid., 249.

38 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 90.

39 Michael Walzer, ‘Notes on Self-Criticism’, Social Research, 54, no.1 (1987b): 33-43.

40 Walzer, Thick and Thin, 85 &96.

41 Ibid., 98-100.

42 Veronique Pin-Fat, Universality, Ethics and International Relations: A Grammatical Reading (London: Routledge, 2009), 100.

43 Ibid., 100, original italics.

44 Jan Patočka, Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, trans. Erazim Kohak (Chicago: Open Court, 1996), 107.

45 Jacques Derrida, The Gift of Death and Literature in Secret, trans. David Wills (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 108, original italics.

46 Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion, Gil Andijar editor (London: Routledge, 2002a), 70 & 98.

47 Jean-Luc Nancy, The Inoperative Community, Peter Connor editor (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991), 46.

48 Brian Orend, Walzer on War and Justice (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), 31.

49 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 51-52.

50 Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, trans. Sylvia Walsh, C. Stephen Evans and Sylvia Walsh editors (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 7-11.

51 Ibid., 24.

52 Ibid., 46.

53 It is important here to note that Walzer is aware of such motives and argues that we should support the good motives and protest the bad ones. However, since his conceptualisation of what constitutes good motives is, as elaborated in the previous section, under dispute here, Walzer’s distinction between good and bad motives, in a minimal sense, is itself problematic.

54 Derrida, The Gift of Death, 47.

55 Ibid., 69.

56 Ibid., 79.

57 Ibid., 71.

58 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 47.

59 Ibid., 135, italics mine.

60 Ibid., 136.

61 Ibid., 138.

62 Ibid., 136.

63 Ibid., 145.

64 Ibid., 138.

65 In keeping with Walzer’s original language, I too will refer to combatants solely in the masculine form. However, I would like to note the gendered connotations of this language as a point of enquiry for a possible future study.

66 Ibid., 78.

67 Ibid., 78.

68 Ibid., 81, original italics.

69 Ibid., 140.

70 Ibid., 27.

71 Ibid., 28.

72 Ibid., 30, italics mine.

73 Ibid., 127-128.

74 Derrida, The Gift of Death, 42-43.

75 Ibid., 48, original italics.

76 Ibid., 12.

77 Michael Walzer, ‘The Moral Standing of States: A Response to Four Critics’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 9, no. 3 (1980), 213.

78 Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 200.

79 Walzer, Arguing About War, 61.

80 Ibid., 51.

81 Derrida, The Gift of Death, 86-87.