Mango Growing in Kenya by Juergen Griesbach Training Materials Coordinator
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SensationThis cultivar originates from Miami, Florida, and was released in 1941. The oval/oblique, medium-sized fruit is deep yellow with a prominent dark-red to purple blush that covers most of its surface. The rounded apex shows only a slight beak formation. The average fruit measurements are: length 10.8 cm by 7.8 cm in width and an average of 307 g in weight. Lenticels are numerous and pale yellow in colour; the skin is medium-thick, tough and separates easily from the flesh. The deep-yellow flesh is fibreless, firm and juicy. It is sweet, of a distinctive mild flavour and of good quality. The mono-embryonic seed is covered in a thick woody stone (5.8% of fruit weight). Due to its severely alternate bearing, susceptibility to anthracnose and uneven ripening, Sensation has lost much of its former popularity. 
The trees are moderately vigorous and develop into a broad-rounded, symmetrical canopy. It is a late cultivar and, depending on location, will mature from February until the beginning of April. Advantages:
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SmithThis open pollinated seedling of Haden was found growing on the J.T. Smith farm in Honolulu, Hawaii, and was introduced to Florida around 1946. The elongated large fruits are of an orange-yellow base colour combined with a deep crimson blush. The apex is broadly rounded and there is no beak. The thick tough skin is covered with large white lenticels. The average fruit size is 13.9 cm long and 7.5 cm wide, with an average weight of 550 g. The orange-yellow flesh is juicy, spicy, of a firm texture and almost fibreless. The fruit quality is rated as good and yields are moderate to heavy and regular. The seed is fairly large (7% of fruit weight), long, flat and mono-embryonic. 
The trees grow upright and vigorously and are harvested at mid-season. Fruits must be left on the tree to maturity if they are to develop their full colour and flavour. Advantages:
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Tommy AtkinsThis cultivar originated from a seed planted in the 1920s at Fort Lauderdale in Florida. Parentage is unknown (Haden seedling?); it was released in 1948. Tommy Atkins has become an important commercial variety. The fruits are medium to large, oval to oblong, orange/yellow with a heavy red blush, numerous white lenticels and a broadly rounded base. They measure an average length of 12.6 cm, are 9.9 cm wide and have an average weight of 522 g. The smooth skin is tough and thick. The flesh is firm and medium juicy with a moderate amount of fibre, yellow to deep yellow in colour, mild and sweet with a strong pleasant aroma. The eating quality is fairly good; the seed is mono-embryonic and covered in a thick, woody stone (6.6% of total fruit weight). 
The tree is vigorous/large with a rounded canopy and it produces consistently heavy and good crops. It is an early to mid-season cultivar and is highly resistant to diseases. Advantages:
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Van DykeThis cultivar originated from Homestead (Florida) and belongs to a selected group of seedlings distinguished by a greater resistance to anthracnose, very attractive colour, and good shelf life and shipping qualities. These seedlings appeared in the 1950s and 1960s. The ovate, small- to medium-sized fruit (average weight 280 g) is very attractive showing a bright yellow ground colour with a heavy crimson blush and prominent beak. The average fruit dimensions are: 10.5 cm length by 7.9 cm width. The skin is thick, though easily separating and covered with numerous white/yellow lenticels. The flesh is quite firm, melting and juicy with little fibre, orange-yellow, rich, spicy and sweet with a strong pleasant aroma. It is of good to excellent quality. The seed is mono-embryonic and covered by a medium-sized woody stone (7.1% of fruit weight). 
The trees are medium-sized with a large open canopy and are regular producers but yield only moderately. Advantages:
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ZillAs a Haden seedling it originated in Lake Worth, Florida, in 1930. The small to medium, ovate fruit is yellow with an intense red or crimson blush. The apex is rounded with a small beak. The fruit shape resembles that of van Dyke, and the average dimensions are: length 10.6 cm by 8.2 cm width, average weight 285 g (range: 225–345 g). Lenticels are yellow/brown and the flesh is deep yellow, juicy, soft and without fibre. The flavour is rich and sweet and of good to excellent eating quality. The seed is mono-embryonic and covered by a thick woody stone (8% of fruit weight). 
The tree becomes fairly large with an open, spreading canopy. This early to mid-season cultivar produces well and fairly consistently. Zill has a moderate resistance to anthracnose and powdery mildew, but does not withstand storage and shipping stress well. Advantages:
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ZillateNot much is known about the origin of this cultivar but it is assumed that the seedling was developed in Florida. The medium-sized oblong fruit is of a yellow ground-colour and has an intensive red blush. There are numerous small white lenticels covering the thick, tough skin. The rounded apex carries an almost non-existent underdeveloped beak. The average fruit dimensions are: length 12.5 cm by 7.1 cm width, with a weight of 291 g (range: 260–350 g). The firm, juicy, yellow flesh is relatively free from fibre, aromatic and of good eating quality. The fairly large flat seed (7.8% of total fruit weight) is mono-embryonic. 
The tree is moderately vigorous, forming an upright tight canopy. The rather late-season cultivar yields quite well and regularly. It shows moderate resistance to powdery mildew but is affected by anthracnose. Advantages:
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Further Reading
ContributorsAuthor - Juergen Griesbach, ICRAF RoboHelp Development for the Internet, CD-ROM, and Print - Albert Dean Atkinson, IRRI GlossaryA acaracide: material toxic to mites acid soil: pH less than 7.0 active ingredient: toxic component of a formulated pesticide adhesive = sticker: material added to increase pesticide retention alkaline soil: pH greater than 7.0 anther: the pollen-bearing part of a stamen apex: tip of shoot attractant: material with an odour that attracts certain insects B bait: foodstuff used for attracting pests, usually mixed with a poison beak: a pointed projection at the tip of a fruit biological control: control of pests by disease-producing organisms, preditors, or parasites bloom: the delicate waxy or powdery substance on the surface of berries C calyx: the external part of a flowers consisting of sepals canopy: crown of a plant carrier: material serving as diluent for the active ingredients clone: identical individuals propagated vegetatively from a single plant compatibility: ability of the scion and stock to unite in grafting and form a strong union contact poison: material killing pests by contact action control: untreated subjects used for comparison with those given a particular treatment cotyledons: the primary leaves of germinating plants culling: discarding of plants that do not meet requirements cultivar: variety, type D discard: active during daytime dormant: alive but not growing; a resting stage E elongated: longer than it is broad embryo: part of a seed which will grow into a plant eradicate: destroy, extirpate F fertilization: pollination fungicide: chemical to control plant diseases G gall: abnormal growth of plant tissues genus: a group of plants comprising a number of closely related species germplasm: any plant part used for regeneration grafting: joining parts of plants together such that they will unite and continue their growth as one plant H herbicide: any chemical used to kill plants husk: a stringy shell of a seed I immature: unripe, not ready indigenous: a plant native to the region inflorescence: the flowering part of a plant insecticide: chemical to control crop pests intercropping: the growing of two crops simultaneously in the same field L latent: dormant latex: milky plant juice lenticel: a pore like, slightly raised spot on a fruit skin M maggot: a vermiform, legless larva (Diptera) maturity: stage of final fruit development (ripeness) mono-embryonic: mode of reproduction: contains only one embryo N nocturnal: active at night O oblong: longer than broad oviparous: reproduction by laying eggs P panicle: a loosely branched inflorescence pedical: the stalk of one flower in a cluster perfect flower: a flower having both stamens and pistil persistence: chemicals that remain active for a long period of time after application pest: an animal or plant causing damage to crops pesticide: a chemical which by virtue of its toxicity is used to kill pest organisms pH value: refers to degree of acidity or alkalinity as a scale of numbers from 1 (very acid) to 14 (very alkaline) phytotoxic: a chemical liable to damage or kill plants pistel: the female part of the flower pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma polyembryonic: mode for reproduction: contains more than one embryo; produces true-to-type progeny progeny: a plant’s ‘offspring’ propagate: multiplication of more plants provenance: germplasm from a single place of origin Q quarantine: the prevention of importation or exportation of unwanted organisms into a territory R repellant: a chemical which has the property of inducing avoidance by a particular pest residue: amount of pesticide remaining in or on plant tissues after a given time rootstock: plants propagated for further grafting/budding S scion: the plant part grafted onto the stock self-fertile: fertilization without cross pollination stalk: also called peduncle stamen: the pollen-producing organ of a flower sterile: flowers not capable of producing viable seed sticker: material added to a spray to increase retention on plant foliage surfactant: a chemical which modifies the surface tension of spray droplets susceptible: not resistant systemic: an insecticide absorbed by plants and translocated throughout T terminal: borne at the end of a stem tissue: plant cells tolerance: maximum amount of toxicant allowed in foodstuffs for human consumption top-working: converting a grown tree by grafting trunk: the main stem of a tree V variety: a group of closely related plants of common origin IndexM Maturity 7 Mwea 15, 22, 25 N Ngowe 16 O Oval/oblique 13 P Philippines 8 Pink/red 36 Polyembryonic 17, 18, 20 R Resembles Apple cultivar 35 RoboHelp Development Internet 49 Ruiru 22
S Seedling Brooks 29 Lippens 26 Smith 41 South Africa 36, 38 Sternochetus 5 T Texture—with 15 Tommy Atkins 9 Trans Nzoia District 37 Trichlorphon 10 U Unfavourable during 11 Unfavourable 10 Uses 3 V
Vigorous/spreading 28 Vigour 5, 6 W West Africa 31 White/yellow lenticels 43 Y Year’s growth—in 4 Yellow/apricot 30 Yellow/brown changing 32 Yellow/orange 14 Yellow/red lenticels 27 Yellowish-orange 24 Yielder 39 Yields
25 t/ha 6 Young TW 47 Z Zanzibar 32 Zill 44 Zillate 45 |