John laing, mass media and misisi areas
|
|  Yüklə 13.92 Mb.
|
4existing data on the project areasThe Public Project Profiles of 1992 – 1995 quotes an expenditure of US $8 million (representing about 35% of the total funds secured for Drugs and Medical supplies) as having been used to treat cholera, dysentery and other gastro-intestinal diseases that occurred, in the main, due to consumption of poor quality water. The quality of water has been affected mainly by inadequate and inappropriate methods of waste management initiated mainly by undeveloped water borne systems and unsatisfactory siting of dumpsites. Because of the vulnerability of the underlying geology, current methods of waste disposal have had the potential to promote unhindered percolation of contaminants to the groundwater store. Impacts of the location of these human activities in close proximity to water sources have already begun to be felt as exemplified by results of water quality from some of the sampled water sources (Fig. 22), and from a newly drilled borehole (Table 7) located within Chibolya Compound, which is located north and north-west of Misisi and Chibolya, respectively. Consumption of water of such quality has contributed to the endemic outbreaks of some gastro-intestinal disorders such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid in many of these settlements.   
Project areas   
Fig. 22: Chemical and bacteriological analyses of some productive boreholes and wells in Lusaka (June - August 1992). Source: Nkhuwa, 1996 Table 7: Chemical analyses of a newly drilled borehole in Chibolya Compound located north and north-west of Misisi and John Laing, respectively (August 1999 – June 2000) Sample No. TDS NO32- SO42- Cl COD BOD WQ03-08 279 8.4 2.3 14.9 320 65 WQ19-08 269 0 8.2 31 28 11 WQ13-8-1 233 15.8 21.7 17 90 69 WQ13-8-2 382 56.6 32.8 77 92 68 WQ13-8-3 241 110.2 6 35 9 2 WQ14-09 300 52.9 26.9 15 160 27 WQ30-10 429 10.2 38.2 30 12 8 WQ22-10 359 9.6 38 20 22 9 WQ05-11 412 13.2 30.2 39 18 ND WQ16-11 300 4.6 33.2 40.6 64 ND WQ05-12 484 18.6 82 33.9 52 17 WQ10-12 388 29.6 97.6 41.3 71 22 WQ16-03 548 3.3 36.2 53 32 2 WQ05-04 401 5.8 33 26 16 2 WQ12-06 450 83.6 13 28 80 16 TDS Total Dissolved Solids; Cl Chloride: COD Chemical Oxygen Demand; BOD Biological Oxygen Demand. (All parameters are in mg/l). Source: Environmental Engineering Laboratory, UNZA Table 8 shows cholera cases as reported to the Public Health Department of the City Council by different Health Centres in Lusaka on 14 April 1999. An analysis of these results appears to indicate that the most affected areas in the city are those with predominant use of pit latrines except George compound. The reason for the latter is probably because of the newly installed water supply by JICA, which is currently tapping its water from deeper aquifer-levels. In some of these low-income areas, outbreaks of dysentery and cholera have become endemic. Table 8: Record of cholera cases from different Health centres in Lusaka (14.09.1999)
* One of the current project areas. Source: Public Health Department, Lusaka City Council 5some Initiatives undertakenIn its attempt to address this problem, the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) endeavoured to pursue and fulfil the policy of Safe Water for all by the year 2000 by setting-up the National Health Policies and Strategies (Health Reforms) Unit in 1991. The ultimate aim of this effort was to decrease public health risks posed by inadequate water in terms of both quality and quantity through an increase in the percentage of population with:
However, according to the Public Project Profiles of 1992 – 1995, about US $8 million (representing about 35 % of the total funds secured for Drugs and Medical supplies) continued to be used to treat dysentery and cholera that occurred, in the main, from consumption of poor quality water with high numbers of coliform bacteria, which entails failure by Government to fulfil the requirements of the two aforementioned objectives. Thus, the Government failed to markedly reduce the total expenditures on Drugs and Medical Supplies to treat these outbreaks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||