International union for the protection of new varieties of plants
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3.Method of Examination3.1 Number of Growing CyclesThe minimum duration of tests should normally be two independent growing cycles. 3.2 Testing PlaceTests are normally conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted at more than one place, guidance is provided in TGP/9 “Examining Distinctness”. 3.3 Conditions for Conducting the Examination3.3.1 The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. 3.3.2 The recommended method of observing the characteristic is indicated by the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics: MG: single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants MS: measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants VG: visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants VS: visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants 3.3.3 The recommended type of plot in which to observe the characteristic is indicated by the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics: A: spaced plant B: row plot C: special test
3.4 Test Design3.4.1 Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least 60 spaced plants and 10 meters of row plot. Plots with spaced plants (A): Each test should consist of 60 single spaced plants per variety arranged in two or more replicates. Row plots (B): Each test which includes row plots should consist of at least 10 meters of row arranged in two replicates. The density of the seed should be such that about 150 plants per meter can be expected. 3.4.2 The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the growing cycle. 3.5 Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be ExaminedUnless otherwise indicated, all observations on single plants should be made on 60 plants or parts taken from each of 60 plants and any other observations should be made on all plants in the test. 3.6 Additional TestsAdditional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be established. 4.Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability4.1 Distinctness4.1.1 General Recommendations It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines. 4.1.2 Consistent Differences The differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than one growing cycle is not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, the influence of the environment is not such that more than a single growing cycle is required to provide assurance that the differences observed between varieties are sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a difference in a characteristic, observed in a growing trial, is sufficiently consistent is to examine the characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles. 4.1.3 Clear Differences Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendations contained in the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. 4.2 Uniformity4.2.1 It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines: 4.2.2 The assessment of uniformity should be according to the recommendations for cross pollinated varieties in the General Introduction 4.3 Stability4.3.1 In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to be stable. 4.3.2 Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a further generation, or by testing a new seed stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as those shown by the previous material supplied. 5.Grouping of Varieties and Organization of the Growing Trial5.1 The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness are aided by the use of grouping characteristics. 5.2 Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even where produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such characteristics: (a) to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used for examination of distinctness; and (b) to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together. 5.3 The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics: (a) Ploidy (characteristic 1) (b) Plant: time of beginning of flowering (characteristic 8) (c) Leaf: width of central leaflet (characteristic 12)
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