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Korçë
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Korçë (Albanian: Korçë or Korça) is a major city in the Korçë District of south-eastern Albania, located at  40°37′N, 20°46′E near the border with Greece. It has a population of around 57,758 people (2008 estimate), making it the seventh largest city in Albania. It stands on a plateau some 850 m (2,800 ft) above sea level, surrounded by the Morava Mountains. According to the Albanian census of 1989, Albanians compromise 97.8% of the population of the district, Macedonians 2%, and others, less then 0.2%. [1]
Contents
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1 History
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2 Name
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3 Culture
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4 Education
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5 Economy
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6 Archeology
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7 Sport
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8 References
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9 See also
|  [edit] History
Neolithic remains have been found indicating occupation of the site from 4000 BC onwards. The Copper Age lasted from 3000 BC to 2100 BC, and was followed by the Bronze Age.
A town named 'Coviza' is mentioned in medieval documents in 1280. The modern town dates from the end of the 15th Century, when Iljaz Hoxha, under the command of Sultan Mehmet II, developed Korça. The Ottoman occupation began in 1440, and after Hoxha's role in the siege of Constantinople, in 1453; he was awarded the title, 'Iljaz Bey Mirahor'. Korçë was a sandjak of the Manastir vilayet in Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman rule over Korçë lasted until 1912 but the city's proximity to Greece, which claimed the entire Orthodox population as Greek, led to its being fiercely contested in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. The city was occupied by Greek forces in 6 December 1912. Its incorporation into Albania in 1913 was controversial, as Greece claimed it as part of a region called 'Northern Epirus'. However, in accordance with the Corfu Protocol signed between Greece and Albania in 1914 and the ethnographic survey that preceded it, the city was included in the newly formed Autonomous Northern Epirus zone, the autonomous status of which, however, never came into being.
Greek forces took over the city on 10 July 1914 during the early part of the First World War, which had not really started anywhere else at this point. In fact this act preceded the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia by 13 days. As World War I proceeded, Korçë was then taken by the Austro-Hungarians, then by the Greeks again and finally by France, which occupied Korçë between 1916-1920. It ultimately remained part of Albania, as determined by the International Boundary Commission which affirmed the country's post-war borders.
However a Republic of Korçë was proclaimed there in 1918. This was meant to be a forerunner of the Republic of Pindus which was supposed to become an autonomous Vlach or Aromanian state.
During the inter-war period, the city became a hotbed of Communist agitation. Albania's future dictator, Enver Hoxha, lived there and was both a pupil and a teacher at the town's French school. Korçë's underground Communist movement became the nucleus of Hoxha's Albanian Party of Labour.
Korçë was occupied by Italian forces in 1939, along with the rest of the country. After the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War, it was liberated by the Greek Army in November 1940, and remained under Greek sovereignty until the German attack in April 1941. After Italy's withdrawal from the war in 1943, the town was occupied by the Germans until October 24, 1944.
During the occupation, the city became a major centre of Communist-inspired resistance to the Axis occupation of Albania. The establishment of the Albanian Party of Labour – the Communist Party – was formally proclaimed in Korçë in 1941. Albanian rule was restored in 1944 following the withdrawal of German forces.
The area suffered from Hoxha's dictatorial regime like the rest of Albania, although it is arguable whether it was to as great an extent. Hoxha mainly fought against the rich, despite the fact that they had often fought against the Nazi and fascist occupation. Thousands of people from Korça were sent to concentration camps or executed for disagreeing with Hoxha's regime. Hundreds of people fled to Boston, USA, joining an already existing Albanian community who had previously emigrated to the region. After 1990 Korça was one of the six cities where the New Democratic Party won all the constituencies. Popular revolts in February 1991 ended with the fall of Hoxha's statue.
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