Draft, october 2006 Sonoran Desert, Native Species Plant Matrix, Santa Cruz River-Specific, Tucson, Arizona

Yüklə 197 Kb. səhifə 3/3 tarix 25.06.2016 ölçüsü 197 Kb.

GRASSES

Alkali sacaton; Sporobolus airoides			X	X	2500’ – 6500’; Grass 2 – 4’ tall; perennial blooms May–Oct	warm season	Foliage: mule deer, javalina, mourning dove, gambel quail; Herbiage: blacktail jackrabbit and cottontail rabbit	seeds collected in summer	Hodgson, 2001
Arizona cottontop; Digitaria californica				X	1000’ – 6000’; Grass 1.5 – 4’ tall; perennial blooms Aug–Nov	warm season	Good food for livestock, fair for wildlife; valuable winter forage
Big galleta; Hilaria rigida		X	X		Under 5500’; Grass 2’ – 3’ tall; Perennial; Bloom Feb–Sep
Bullgrass; Muhlenbergia emersleyi				X	2000 - 7500'; 2-5' tall; warm season perennial bunch grass	warm season	Useful forage for grazers while green; poor when dry
Bush muhley; Muhlenbergia porteri				X	2000’ – 6000’; Grass 2’– 4’ tall, 3’ wide; perennial blooms Aug–Oct	warm season	Excellent forage for livestock, deer and pronghorn
Cane Beardgrass; Andropogon barbinoides			X	X	1,000-5,800’; Well adapted to SW ranges;	Blooms Apr-Oct	Good forage when green
Cane grass; Phragmites australis				X	mid to low elevations (below 5000 ft) in wet areas	spring/ summer		sap, roots, shoots eaten; cane was also building material	Hodgson, 2001
Cattail; Typha domingensis (Typha angustifolia)	X				1000-5000 ft. in wet areas; blooms June-Sept.	spring/ summer		Shoots eaten raw; inner leaf tips eaten raw in spring; green bloom spikes (without husk) summer boiled; pollen used for bisciut or mush; roots eaten raw or boiled like potatoes; rhizomes source of starch; leaves woven into mats; stalks used in basketry	Hodgson, 2001
Deergrass; Muhlenbergia rigens				X	2000-7500'; 2-5' tall; perennial bunchgrass	warm season	Good forage when green; poor when dry
Fluffgrass; Erioneuron (tridens) pulchellus				X	Under 5500’; Less than 6” tall; Perennial grass grows in clumps; Bloom summer & fall		Forage plant: desert tortoise
Giant Dropseed; Sporobolis gigantaeus			X		4,000-6,000’; Tall, coarse perennial; 3-6’ tall; Blooms Jul-Oct			Seeds eaten, Niethammer
Giant sacaton; Sporobolus wrightii		X			2000 – 5000’; 3 – 6.5’; bunch grass	warm season		Bloom Jun–Oct	1909 Tumamoc Hill survey
Pappas grass; Pappophorum mucronalatum				X	2000’ – 4000’; Grows to 2’ – 3’ ; Perennial bunchgrass	Bloom Mar – Oct; Winter growth			1909 Tumamoc Hill survey
Plains bristlegrass; Setaria macrostachya				X	2000 – 5000’; tufted perennial bunchgrass; 1 – 4’ tall	warm season Bloom May–Oct	Seeds and foliage: birds and small mammals		Thornber's 1909 list
Purple & red threeawn; Aristida purpurea vars. purpurea & longiseta				X	1000-5000’; clump grass; to 3 feet tall; Perennial	warm season, Bloom Mar-Sept (more Apr–May)	Poor forage for wildlife, only grazed in early growth stages; worthless in winter
Rothrock Grama (grass); Bouteloua rothrockii				X	2,300-5,500’; 10-36"tall; Small clumps	warm season	low palatability as forage
Sand dropseed; Sporobolus cryptandrus				X	Grass family; 150 – 7000’; bunchgrass grows to 2’	warm season, Bloom Apr–Sep	Seeds: numerous birds including wild turkey, small mammals; Plants: deer	seeds collected in summer	Hodgson, 2001
Sideoats grama; Bouteloua curtipendula				X	large elev. range; 1-2' tall; perennial bunchgrass	warm season	Important forage for grazers
Slender grama; Bouteloua filiformis				X	2500-5000'; 1-1.5' tall; perennial bunchgrass	warm season	good forage for grazers
Spike dropseed; Sporobolus contractus				X	1500 – 6500’; 1.5 – 4’ tall; bunchgrass; Bloom Aug–Oct	warm season
Tanglehead; Heteropogon contortus				X	1000 – 6000’; 8 – 30” tall; short-lived perennial bunchgrass	warm season
Tobosa; Pleuraphis mutica (Hilaria mutica)		X	X		2000 – 6000’; 2 – 3’ tall; perennial sod-forming grass	warm season	Poor forage for wildlife, becomes unpalatable when mature

Primary information source:

Brad Lancaster, unpublished document: A Native Plant List for Multiple Uses, for use in the Tucson Basin and Foothills. Compiled and copyrighted, 1998. Assembled from 100 references (reference list available on request)

Additional information obtained from:

Giebner, Robert. 1979, Tucson Preservation Primer, University of Arizona, College of Architecture, Tucson, Arizona

by Wendy C. Hodgson, Wendy. Food Plants of the Sonoran Desert. Tucson : University of Arizona Press, 2001.

Nentvig, Juan. Rudo Ensayo: A description of sonora and Arizona in 1764, 1980, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson

Niethammer, Carolyn. 1974. American Indian Food and Lore, 150 Authentic Recipes, Macmillan Publishing Co., NY (she references Pfefferkorn)

Pfefferkorn, Ignaz. Sonora: A description of the province, 1989, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson

Tumamoc Plant List: Plants of the Santa Cruz River Flood Plain at Tumamoc Hill, City of Tucson, Arizona. Compiled by William T. Kendall with assistance from Dr. Charles Mason and Becky VanDevender [Thornber], UA Herbarium, who updated the nomenclature for plants listed in “Vegetation Groups of the Desert Laboratory Domain”, prepared by J.J Thornber, A.M. Professor of Botany at the Arizona Experimental Station, 1900, as taken from the Distribution and Movements of Desert Plants, by Volney M. Spalding, 1909.