Bats of Saudi Arabia By Abdulaziz Al-Agaili May 2003 table of contents
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Blasius’ horseshoe – Rhinolophus blasii Identification: It is a medium sized bat, the forearm measures 44-47mm and the skull length is 19-19.4mm. The noseleaf has the superior connecting process of the sella elevated into a high point, while the base of the sella has a cuneate outline, not broadly rounded below. There is not a marked contrast between the crowns areas of the anterior and posterior lower premolars. Distribution: It is widely distributed in Saudi Arabia. 
Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat - Rhinolophus euryale Identification: It's a middle size rhinolophidae, forearm 45-50 mm, smaller than the Greater Horshoe Bat and larger than the Lesser Horseshoe. Usually found in hot caves, this bats is gregarious. It hibernates as solitary individuals in large caves. Connecting sella is pointed in side view. Lancet triangular.  
Family HIPPOSIDERIDAE - Leaf-nosed Bats 1- Posterior leaflet on nose leaf simple in outline, elliptical or rounded, not tridentate; ears either separate or united by low band; rostrum at least half as long as braincase; small upper premolar present, with one exception, i.e. H.megalotis; zygoma not greatly expanded; forearm 34-115 Hipposideros Posterior leaflet of noseleaf tridentate; ears always separate; small upper molar present or absent; rostrum sometimes less than half as long as braincase; zygoma not or greatly expanded; forearm 31-54 2 2- Tail projecting up to 7mm. beyond end of interfemoral membrane; ears large, 18-20, with pointed tip; small upper premolar absent; rostrum at least half as long as braincase; zygoma not greatly expanded; forearm 44-54 Asellia Tail not projecting beyond end of interfemoral membrane; small upper premolar present 3 3- Size larger, forearm 50-54; ears short, 10-14, but pointed; noseleaf conspicuous; thumbs normal; rostrum more than half length of braincase; zygoma greatly expanded into wide plate; upper incisors bifid Triaenops
Size larger, forearm more than 40; ears not obviously linked in any way; P² present 2 2- Nose leaf without club-shaped process; frontal sacs present or absent 3 3- Internarial septum not enlarged, not concealing nostrils 4 4- Size moderate, forearm 40-66; two secondary lateral leaflets; frontal sac present or absent; opening transversely; ears broad; tail 30 or more 5 5- Forearm generally less than 48mm; color grayish or pale orange when in bright phase; median posterior narial compartment narrow, with wide lateral inflations caffer Lesser leaf-nosed bat - Hipposideros caffer
This is a small leaf-nosed bat with a somewhat long tail. Total length 73-82 mm; tail length 27-35 mm; forearm 42-47 mm. The nose leaf almost covers the muzzle. The fur is soft and long. The color is variable, ranging from orange to grayish brown.
In the southwest of Saudi Arabia from Al Jowa; Mothra; Al Baha; Ablah and Wargan.
This an African bats. In Saudi Arabia it is recorded only from Jeddah.
Head and body length is 35-62 mm, tail length is 20-34 mm, forearm length is 45-55 mm, and adult weight is usually 8-15 grams. T. persicus exhibits great diversity in coloration, through grays, browns, and reds; these may be correlated with age. Individuals in some areas are pale buff, almost white. Triaenops resembles Hipposideros to some extent but differs from that genus in features of the nose leaf. Internal border of ear deeply notched; external lobes of trident deeply notched at external base; ears small; color pale (in both phases); mainland. Distribution: T. persicus has been found in a cave by the sea in South Yemen, associated with Coleura afra and Asellia tridens. This species was collected in Oman while flying around the opening of an underground water tunnel.   
Genus: Asellia Trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia tridens Identification: This is also a small leaf-nosed bat. Total length 71-90 mm; tail length 19-26 mm; forearm length 44-54 mm. The nose leaf has three vertical projections at its superior edge. The central projection is pointed, while the outer ones are blunt. The tip of the ear is bluntly pointed and directed outward. Its anterior margin is strongly convex. The tail is well-developed and its tip projects out from the interfemoral membrane for about 3-5 mm.
The Trident nose-leaf bat is known from near Usfan, about 80 km NW of Mecca; Jeddah and its vicinity; near Taif; Durma and Hufuf.  
 
Small trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia patrizii Identification: A small-sized trident leaf-nosed bat. Very much like A. tridens but smaller. Forearm length 37.5-39.4 mm.
A rare African bat known from several localities in Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Saudi Arabia, it has been recorded only from Farasan islands. Family MOLOSSIDAE - Free-tailed Bats Lower incisors 2-2 or 3-3; upper cheek teeth 4 or 5; canines not enlarged; ears separate or conjoined; forearm up to 66 and not less than 30mm. Genus: Tadarida 1- 5 upper post-canine cheek teeth (the small premolar very reduced, sometimes absent in T.(Mops) condylura, but in that case with M3 reduced, ears conjoined, palatal emargination rudimentary or absent, size large, forearm 43-49); lower incisors normally 2-2, rarely 3-3; ears conjoined or separate; forearm 27-66 2 2- M3 reduced, cusps rarely more than V pattern; palatal emargination small or absent; ears generally conjoined, sometimes with post-aural tuft; size small to large, forearm 27-66mm Subgenus Mops M3 not reduced, cusps forming N pattern 3 3- Palatal emargination absent or rudimentary; ears conjoined, often with post-aural tuft, which is sometimes well developed; size medium, forearm 35-52 Subgenus Chaerephon Palatal emargination well-developed; ears generally separate; size medium to large, forearm 45-66 Subgenus Tadarida
Lower incisors 4; skull generally broad, rarely narrow; lower canines almost touching at base or widely separated; size medium to large, forearm 45-66mm 2 2- size medium, forearm 44-53mm; total skull length 19-21mm; braincase flat; lower canines widely separated at base; no blackish area on chin and throat aegyptiaca
A large free-tailed bat. The body is well built, the ears are large and the wings are long and narrow. Total length 123-140 mm; tail length 43-55 mm; forearm 58-64 mm and wingspan 400-450 mm. Face wrinkled. Tail projects beyond the interfemoral membrane. The upper lips have a series of vertical furrows. The tips of the ears are rounded and not joined at their anterior bases. The outline of the tragus is square and the antitragus is large. The toes are densely covered with short stiff hairs. The pelage is soft and dense and the color is dark grey.
They live in cracks and fissure along rocks, cliffs or caves. They live in extremely dry habitats. They inhabit warm Mediterranean regions and roost in cracks of cliffs or in buildings, even in big cities. Distribution: In Saudi Arabia it is known from two localities in the western region: Wadi Sawawin and Taif.  
 
Egyptian free-tailed bat - Tadarida aegyptiaca
A medium-sized free-tailed bat. Smaller than T. teniotis. Total length 100-121 mm; tail length 34-55 mm; forearm length 48-54 mm. The tragus is small. The pelage is fine and dense. The color is light grayish brown dorsally.
In Saudi Arabia it is known from two localities in the Al Baha region.
2- Size larger, forearm 42-52mm 3 Size smaller, forearm 34-42 5 3- Without caudal glands opening as slits on either side of tail root below 4 4- Conspicuous white lateral band below, along flanks at junction with membrane, contrasting with very dark brown color above and below; wings dark or pale; forearm 44-50mm nigeriae 5- Male with short (10 mm or less) unicolored post-aural crests; wings dark or light; color below variable, with or without white on the median area; forearm 37-42 pumila Lesser free-tailed bat - Tadarida pumila
This is a small free-tailed bat. Total length 77-85 mm; tail length 25-30 mm; forearm length 36-38 mm. The tail is well-developed and about half of it projects beyond the interfermoral membrane which is short. The calcar is developed. The tragus is small, but the antitragus is large. The upper lip has about three vertical ridges on its anterior part. The wings are long and narrow. A connecting membrane joins the ears across the forehead. The outline of the ear is triangular. Adult males have a frontal crest of hair behind the ears. The toes have long hairs.
It has been recorded from Jizan and Sabiya in the southwestern part of the Kingdom.
A medium-sized free-tailed bat. Measurements of the two sub adult specimens are: Total length 95,100 mm; tail length 35-36 mm; forearm length 43,46 mm (of adult African specimens are 47-51 mm). The upper lip has seven ridges with short stiff spines. The relatively small ears are almost ovoid in shape and are connected across the forehead by a membrane.
In Saudi Arabia it is known from Abha and Riyadh escarpment.
Size largest, forearm 58-66; skull length 26-28. Midas free-tailed bat - Tadarida midas
This is a larger free-tailed bat than T. pumila. Total length 125-138 mm; tail length 41-51mm; forearm length 57.7-60.0 mm. External features are similar to T. pumila; however it is clearly heavier built, with larger feet and tail. There are seven vertical ridges on the anterior part of the upper lip. The calcar is strong. The ears are large, oval-shaped and joined by a connecting membrane across the forehead.
It has been recorded only from south of Al Mowassam, near the Yemen border and Al Jowa. 
Family VESPERTI LIONIDAE - Vespertilionid Bats 1- Second phalanx of third digit not especially elongated 2 Second phalanx of third digit about three times as long as first; braincase high and rounded Miniopterinae 2- Ears not funnel-shaped, without deep emargination below tip; tragus short and broad, or long and narrow, but not sharply pointed; braincase not particularly high and rounded Vespertilioninae Subfamily Vespertilioninae 1- Six upper, six lower cheek teeth on each side Myotis Less than six upper and six lower cheek teeth 2 2- Five upper, six lower cheek teeth; ears much longer than head, nearly equal in length to forearm, joined by low band across crown Plecotus Five upper, five lower cheek teeth; ears not lengthed 3 Four upper, five lower cheek teeth; ears only exceptionally notably lengthed 6 3- Two upper incisors on each side 4 One upper incisors on each side Nycticeius 4- Wing with fifth finger shortened, barely longer than metacarpals of 4th and 3rd Nyctalus Wing with fifth finger not shortened 5 5- Ears not joined at base Pipistrellus Ears joined at base Barbastella 6- Two upper incisors on each side 7 One upper incisor on each side 8 7- Wing not narrowed; skill not flattened; tragus not extremely short and blunt, rostrum not shortened; braincase not elevated; no body or wing pattern, ears under 18mm, much less than half length of forearm Eptesicus 8- Ears nor enlarged; pelage brownish; size larger, forearm not less than 46mm; 1st and 2nd upper molars with W-pattern obsolescent; tragus long and tapering Scotophilus Genus Myotis Subgenus Selysius * Size smaller, forearm 52 or less. * Wings without glands; first two upper premolars not greatly reduced, not crowded together laterally. * Feet not enlarged not more than half length of tibia. * Ears not lengthened; calcar usually with lobe; forearm 32-52mm. 1- Size medium, forearm 35-45; canines not reduced; tail length is less than the length of the head and body; braincase is not sharply elevated above rostrum 2 2- Posterior border of ear with conspicuous angular emargination; forearm about 40 (37-43) emarginatus Ear without conspicuous emargination 3 3- Color typically orange-rufous above; tragus blunt-tipped, not sharply pointed; forearm 36-40 bocagei Notch-eared bat - Myotis emarginatus Identification: A small, lightly built bat. Total length 87-93 mm; tail length 38-44 mm; forearm length 40-44 mm. The tail is well developed, only its extreme tip projects from the interfemoral membrane. The pelage is dense and woolly. The color is distinctive. The hairs on the back are tricolor. The basal third is slate grey; the middle third is buff and the tips darker, mostly orange brown. The ventral surface is paler. The wing membrane blackish. It is distinguished by a deep notch in the hind margin of each ear. Habitat: This bat is found in caves and mines in winter and mainly in trees and buildings in summer. Distribution: In Saudi Arabia it is known from near Taif and Riyadh escarpment.     
Rufous mouse-eared – Myotis bocagei Genus Eptesicus Subgenus Eptesicus Botta’s serotine bat - Eptesicus bottae
A medium sized serotine bat. Total length 90-97 mm; tail length 39-42 mm; forearm length 40-42 mm. The tip of the tail extends about 3.5 mm from the interfemoral membrane. The pelage is soft, dense and usually long. The tips of the hairs are pale buffy clay color. The lower surface is white.
A rare bat in Saudi Arabia. It is known only from Misfera, about 40 km north of Abha.
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It has been recorded from near Jeddah; Al Jow in the southwest; Al Aflaj and Dhahran. It is expected that this species has a wider range in the Kingdom. Genus Pipistrellus Kuhl’s pipistrelle - Pipistrellus kuhlii Identification: This is a small vespertilionid bat. Total length 70-93 mm; tail length 32-42 mm; forearm length 30-36 mm. This bat is similar in external features to Eptesicus nasutus however there are some cranial differences especially in the dental formula. This bat has two upper premolars while E. nasutus has only one. The color of the pelage is brownish to blackish above and light brown or whitish below. The wing membrane always has a distinct white border between the foot and the fifth digit, tending to invade the membrane which is paler-colored and has translucent striation. Distribution: In Saudi Arabia it is known from near Taif; Riyadh escarpment; near Marrat in central Najd; Riyadh and Hufuf. 
Arabian pipistrelle – Pipistrellus arabicus Bodenheimer’s pipistrelle - Pipistrellus bodenheimeri
It is one of the smallest pipistrelles of the peninsula. Total length 70-72 mm; tail length 32-35 mm; forearm length 30-30.5 mm. The tail is relatively long. The tip of the tail slightly extends from the interfemoral membrane. The interfemoral membrane is pale, translucent and contrast with the dusky blakish wing membrane. The pelage is long, dense and grey-colored dorsally and paler ventrally.
It has been recorded only from near Taif.
This is also a small vespertilionid bat. Total length 69-79 mm; tail length 28.5-33 mm; forearm length 29.6-32.7 mm. It is quite similar externally to E. nasutus, however there are some cranial differences especially in the dental formula. This species has one upper incisor while E. nasutus has two. The ears are short and somewhat broad. The calcar is long, supporting about half of the free edge of the interfemoral membrane. The pelage color is variable ranging from reddish brown to grayish. The ventral side is paler.
It has been recorded from near Qunfida and from 20 miles SE of Qunfida in the western part of the Kingdom.
A moderately robust vespertilionid bat. Total length 102-118 mm; tail length 41-49 mm; forearm length 51-53 mm. The tail is well developed and it projects 3 mm from the interfemoral membrane. The wing membranes are attached to the bases of the outer toes. The color of the dorsal side is mostly olive brown and that of the ventral side is paler. The lower throat is buffy yellow.
In Saudi Arabia it is recorded only from Abha-Riyadh escarpment.
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his is a small serotine bat. Total length 80.5-91.0 mm; tail length 38.0-38.5 mm; forearm length 33.0-38.5 mm. The muzzle is simple. The tail is well- developed and it is completely enclosed in the interfemoral membrane except for its extreme tip which projects out of the membrane. The ear is small and its anterior edge has a well-developed angular basal lobe. The tragus is well-developed also. The color of the limbs and ears are blackish contrasting with the uniform pale buffy color of the pelage. 
