Table A1 Species and descriptions by functional groups for the Lake Taihu model

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Appendix
Table A1 Species and descriptions by functional groups for the Lake Taihu model

Functional groups	Species	Description
Large culters	Erythroculter mongolicus	67.5% of the total biomass of large culters
	Erythroculter ilishaeformis	32.5% of the total biomass of large culters
Other piscivorous	Cultrichthys erythropterus
	Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
	Channa argus
	S.chuatsi and S.kneri
	Odontobutis obscurus
Large icefish	Protosalanx chineniss	Main economic fishery species in Lake Taihu
Tapertail anchovy	Coilia ectenes taihuensis	Coilia ectenes taihuensis has a wide distribution in Lake Taihu. It is the most productive species (Zhang 2001; Yang 2003) that accounts for nearly 46% of the total annual catch in the lake (Zhang and Zhu 2004)
Black carp	Mylopharyngodon piceus	Traditional species in the Taihu fisheries
Common carp	Cyprinus carpio
Goldfish	Carassius auratus
Bighead carp	Aristichthys nobilis
Silver carp	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Iicefish	Neosalanx taihuensis	A total of 95% of the icefish biomass was from Neosalanx taihuensis that inhabits the whole lake. Other species in this group are Neosalanx ologodontis and Reganisalanx branchyrostralis.
	Neosalanx ologodontis
	Reganisalanx branchyrostralis
Other fishes	Toxabramis swinhonis	Together these make up of 80% of the biomass of ‘other fishes’, according to the bottom trawl surveys (Deng et al., 1997)
	Hemirhamphus kurumeus
	Xenocypris argentea
	Ctenogobius giurinus
	Macropodus chinensis
	Oryzias latipes
	Toxabramis swinhonis
	Hemirhamphus kurumeus
Herbivorous fishes	Ctenopharyngodon idella
	Megalobrama amblycephala
Macrocrustaceans	Palaemon modestus
	Erocheir sinensis
Mollusks	Corbicula fluminea
Benthos	Nephthy sp.
Microzooplankton	Vorticella aequilata
	Polyathra trigla
Cladocera	Ceriodaphima cornuta
	Daphina longispina
	Diaphanosoma sarsi
Copepoda	Sinocalanus dorrii
	Limnothora sinensis
Macrophyte	Potamogeton maackianus, Zizaniz latifolia and Nymphoides peltata
Phytoplankton	Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta ,Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta	In Lake Taihu, there exist about 228 species of phytoplankton. Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta ,Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta biomasses accounted for 42.75%, 18.78%, 18.08%, 11.09%, 8.59%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of total phytoplankton biomass, respectively (Sun 1993)

Table A2. Input data and references by functional groups for the Lake Taihu model.

Decades	Functional group	Reference	Observations
	Submerged macrophyte
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Sun 1993	11 sampling sections, 42 sampling points, covering the whole lake, carried out in 1981(Sun and Huang 1993)
1990s	Biomass	Bao 1991; Yang 1998
1960s	P/B
1980s	P/B
1990s	P/B	Liu 1992
	Catch	Yang 1998
	Other macrophyte
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Sun 1993	11 sampling sections, 42 sampling points, covering the whole lake, carried out in 1981(Sun and Huang 1993)
1990s	Biomass	Bao 1991; Yang 1998
1960s	P/B
1980s	P/B
1990s	P/B	Liu 1992
	Catch	Yang 1998
	Phytoplankton
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	1980-1981, 30 sampling points, covering the whole lake, sampled seasonally
1990s	Biomass	Tang 1995
1960s	P/B	Sun and Huang 1993
1980s	P/B	Sun and Huang 1993
1990s	P/B	Sun and Huang 1993
	Detritus
	Biomass	State Environmental Protection Administration of China 2000	Used conversion factor that estimated the biomass of bacteria as 17.5% of that for phytoplankton (Heymans et al., (2004)). The biomass of DOC and POC was estimated by the Ecoempire in the EwE model (Christensen and Pauly 1992; 1993; Christensen et al.,, 2004)
	Zooplankton
	Microzooplankton
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	1980-1981, 30 sampling points, covering the whole lake, sampled seasonally
1990s	Biomass	Yan 1995	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
	U/Q	Park et al., 1974
1960s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath	EE was assumed to be 0.95 (Christensen et al., 2004)
1980s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath	EE was assumed to be 0.95 (Christensen et al., 2004)
1990s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath	EE was assumed to be 0.95 (Christensen et al., 2004)
1960s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1980s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1990s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
	Cladocera
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	1980-1981, 30 sampling points, covering the whole lake, sampled seasonally
1990s	Biomass	Yan 1995	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
1960s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1980s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1990s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1960s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1980s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1990s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
	Copepoda
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	1980-1981, 30 sampling points, covering the whole lake, sampled seasonally
1990s	Biomass	Yan 1995	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
1960s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1980s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1990s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1960s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1980s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1990s	Q/B		P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
	Trophic data	Liu 1999
	Benthos
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	1980-1981, 30 sampling points, covering the whole lake, sampled seasonally
1990s	Biomass
1960s	P/B	Empirical equation from Brey 1999	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
1980s	P/B	Empirical equation from Brey 1999	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
1990s	P/B	Empirical equation from Brey 1999	Used conversion factor from dry weight to wet weight of 16.7% (Gong et al., 2001)
1960s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1980s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1990s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
	U/N	Yan 2003
	Trophic data	Liu 1999
	Mollucs
1960s	Biomass	Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science 1965; School of Life Sciences East China Normal University 1959	By Geography Department of Chinese Academy of Science (Jun 15^th –Aug 25^th 1960), 33 sampling points, covering the whole lake. By School of Life Sciences East China Normal University (July 18^th-24^th 1959), 6 sampling sections, covering the whole lake (sampling area covered 6.8%of the total area of the lake).
1980s	Biomass
1990s	Biomass	Deng et al., 1997
1960s	P/B	Yang 2003
1980s	P/B	Yang 2003
1990s	P/B	Yang 2003
1960s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1980s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
1990s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath	P/Q ratio of 0.05 was adopted for zooplankton (Park et al., 1974; Scavia et al., 1974; Yang 2003), which could then be converted into consumption/biomass ratio (Q/B) using Q/B= (P/B)/ (P/Q)
	U/N	Scavia et al., 1974
	Catch	Zhu 1998
	Trophic data	Liu 1999
	Macrocrustacean
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003
1960s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1980s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1990s	P/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1960s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1980s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath
1990s	Q/B	Estimated by Ecopath
	U/Q	Halfon et al., 1996
	Catch	Zhu 1998
	Trophic data	Shi 1995
	Herbivorous fishes
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/N	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1998
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Other fishes
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Zhu 1999
	Icefish
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Bing 1995
	Black carp
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	P/Q was assumed to be 0.079
1980s	Q/B	P/Q was assumed to be 0.079
1990s	Q/B	P/Q was assumed to be 0.079
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Common carp
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Goldfish
	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Bighead carp
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Silver carp
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Liu 1992
	Tapertail anchovy
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Tang 1995
	Large Icefish
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Zhu 1985
	Other priscivorous
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1980s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
1990s	Q/B	Empirical equation from Palomares and Pauly 1998
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 1999; Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Tan 1997b
	Large culers
1960s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu.
1980s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu.
1990s	Biomass	Zhu 2003	Biomass estimated from the trawling surveys (1991-1998) in the Lake Taihu.
1960s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1980s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1990s	P/B	F=C/B and Z=F+M=P/B, M=empirical equation from Pauly 1980
1960s	Q/B	Fishbase 2004
1980s	Q/B	Fishbase 2004
1990s	Q/B	Fishbase 2004
	U/Q	Winberg 1956; Brett 1979
	Catch	Zhu 2003
	Trophic data	Xu, 1984

Table A3. The input diet composition data in proportions for the Lake Taihu ecosystem.

Prey/Predator		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	LarC	0.020	0.004
2	OthP	0.008	0.021
3	LarI	0.007		0.040
4	TapA	0.510		0.360	0.005
5	BlaC	0.001
6	ComC	0.001	0.007
7	GolF	0.001	0.052
8	BigC	0.013
9	Icef	0.047		0.165	0.005
10	OthF	0.306	0.281	0.248
11	SilC	0.005
12	HerF	0.001
13	MacC	0.013	0.448	0.074		0.025	0.080
14	Moll		0.092		0.040	0.950	0.600				0.001
15	OthB		0.076			0.025	0.157	0.159			0.186					0.001
16	Micz			0.009	0.001		0.001	0.010	0.115	0.007	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.141				0.016	0.016
17	Clad			0.047	0.506			0.039	0.31	0.433	0.338	0.097		0.38
18	Cope			0.057	0.400			0.050	0.375	0.560	0.253	0.100		0.459
19	SubM	0.067					0.009	0.515			0.002		0.998			0.001
20	OthM												0.001
21	Phyt		0.004		0.043				0.18		0.129	0.800			0.800	0.100	0.333	0.474	0.474
22	Detr		0.016				0.153	0.227	0.02		0.091			0.02	0.200	0.898	0.667	0.510	0.51
	Sum	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

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