Plants of apple grove picnic area honesdale, pa ethnobotany study group

updated: January, 16^th 2013

American Fly Honeysuckle

Amur Maple Acer ginnala

Annual Fleabane Erigeron annuus

Annual Ryegrass Lolium multiflorum

Apple Malus pumila

Ash Fraxinus spp. (see “White Ash”)

Ash-Leaf Maple Acer negundo

Asiatic Dayflower Commelina communis

Aspen Populus spp. (see “Quaking Aspen”)

Aster Aster spp.

Basswood Tilia americana

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bee Balm Monarda didyma

Beech Fagus grandifolia

Beggar Tick Bidens

Bent Agrostis alba

Bigtooth Aspen Populus grandidentata

Bindweed Convolvulus spp.

Birch Betula spp.

(see “Black Birch” & “Gray Birch”)

Bishop’s Weed Aegopodium podagraria

Bistort Polygonum bistorta

Bittersweet Solanum dulcamara

Bitter Dock (see “Broad-Leaf Yellow Dock”)

Blackcap Rubus occidentalis

Blackberry Rubus fruticosus and spp.

Black Birch Betula lenta

Black Cap (see “Blackcap”)

Black Cherry Prunus serotina

Black Haw Viburnum prunifolium

Black Huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata ?

Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia

Black Raspberry (see “Black Cap”)

Black Walnut Juglans nigra

Black Willow Salix nigra

Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis

Blueberry Vaccinium spp. (see …)

Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides

Blue Flag Iris versicolor correct sp?

Blue Spruce Picea pungens

Blue Vervain Verbena hastata

Bluet Houstonia caerulea

Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum

Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix

Box Elder (see “Ash-Leaf Maple”)

Bristly Foxtail Setaria verticillata

Bristly Locust Robinia hispida

Broad-Leaf Yellow Dock

Rumex obtusifolius

calyx w/out teeth?

Broom Sedge Carex scoparia

Brome Bromus

overlapping scales w/ bristle

differentiation in Grasses page 138

Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare

Bulrush Scirpus sp. ?

Bugleweed Lycopus virginicus

Burdock Arctium minor

Buttercup Ranunculus spp.

Butternut Juglans cinerea
Canada Goldenrod Solidago canadensis

Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis

Catnip Nepeta cataria

Cattail Typha latifolia

Celandine Chelidonium majus

Chickweed Stellaria media and spp.

Chives Allium schoenoprasum ?

A. cernuum A. vineale ?

Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana

Christmas Fern

Polystichum acrostichoides

Cinquefoil (see “Common Cinquefoil”)

Cleavers Galium aparine

Colorado Blue Spruce (see “Blue Spruce”)

Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara

Common Blue Violet Viola sororia

Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex

Common Fleabane

Common Mallow Malva neglecta

Common Milkweed (see “Milkweed”)

Cottonwood Populus spp.

Couchgrass Elytrigia repens

Crab Apple Malus

Crabgrass Digitaria spp.

Crown Vetch Securigera varia

Curly Dock (see “Yellow Dock”)

Current Ribes spp.

Cyperus Cyperus rotundus
Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus ?

Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare

Dame’s Rocket Hesperis matronalis

Dandelion Taraxacum officinale

Dangleberry Gaylussacia frondosa ?

Deadnettle Lamium spp.

Deer-Tongue Grass Pauicum virgatum

Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum ?

Dewberry Rubus

Dog Fennel Anthemis cotula

Dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium

Dogwood (see “Kinnikinik”)

Downy Brome Bromus tectorum ?

Dutchman’s Breeches Dicentra cucullaria

Elm Ulmus americana

Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis
False Hellebore Veratrum spp.

Fancy Fern? Dryopteris

Fescue Festuca ?

Fiddlehead Fern (see “Ostrich Fern”)

Field Mustard Brassica rapa ?

Field Pennycress Thlaspi arvense ?

Fieldmint Mentha arvensis

Figwort Scrophularia marilandica

Fleabane Erigeron spp.

(see “Annual Fleabane” & “Common Fleabane”)

Fowl Meadow Grass Poa palustris

Forget-Me-Not Myosotis scorpiodes

Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea

Foxglove Digitalis spp.

Fringed? Bindweed

(see “Wild Buckwheat Vine”)

Frost Grape Vitis riparia
Garlic Mustard Sisymbrium alliaria

Alliaria petiolata

Giant Chickweed Myosoton aquaticum

Goldenrod Solidago spp.

w/ 5”x1” leaflets

sharply serrated

Gooseberry Ribes spp. ?

Grape Vitis spp.

(see “Summer Grape” & “Frost Grape”)

Grass-leaved Goldenrod

Gravelroot (see “Spotted Joe Pye Weed”)

Gray Birch Betula populifolia

Greenbriar Smilax rotundifolia

Green-Eyed

Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea

Hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum

Hawthorn Crataegeus spp.

Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

Hemp Nettle Galeopsis tetrahit

Herb Robert Geranium robertianum

Hickory Carya tomentosa, C. glabra ??

(see “Shagbark Hickory”)

Highbush Blueberry

Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowwii

pubescent, acute

L. tartarica

Horsemint Monarda punctata & spp.

Horsetail Equisetum arvense

Horseweed Conyza canadensis

Huckleberry Gaylussacia spp. (see: “Black Huckleberry” & “Dangleberry” also see: “Lowbush Blueberry” & Low Sweet Blueberry”)
Indian Pipe Monotropa uniflora

Iris Iris versicolor (see “Blue Flag”)

Ironwood

Jack-In-The-Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum

Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica

Jewelweed Impatiens aurea & pallida

Junegrass Koeleria macrantha ?
Kinnikinik Cornus amomum
Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina

Lady’s Thumb

?Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria maialis

Lobelia Lobelia inflata

Locust (see “Black Locust” & “Bristly Locust”)

Low Sweet Blueberry

Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium pallidum ?

Mannagrass Glyceria

Maple (see “Amur Maple”, “Sugar Maple”)

Marginal Wood Fern

Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum

Meadow Fescue ? bulge at leaf base

Schedonorus pratense

Milk Vetch Astragakys canadensis

Milkweed Asclepias spp.

Moneywort Lysimachis nummularia

Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca

Mountain Ash Sorbus spp.

Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia

Mountain Olive Elaeagnus angustifolius ?

Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris

Mullein Verbascum thapsus

Multifloral Rose Rosa multiflora

Mustard Brassica spp.

see notes from 7/9/12
Narrow-Leaf Dock

Nettle Urtica dioica

Nettle-leaved Vervain Verbena urticifolia

Nightshade (see: “Woody Nightshade”)

Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius

Northern Blue Violet Viola

Northern Red Oak (see “Red Oak”)

Northern Stitchwort Stellaria borealis

Norway Spruce Picea

Nutsedge ?

Old-Field Cinquefoil

(see “Common Cinquefoil”)

Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata

Orpine Sedum

Ostrich Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris

Ox-Eye Daisy (see “Daisy”)

Oyster Plant (see “Yellow Goat’s Beard”)

Partridge Berry Mitchella repens

Path Rush Juncus tenuis

Peach-Leaf Willow Salix amygdaloides

Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis spp.

Pennsylvania Smartweed

Peppermint Mentha piperita

Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne

Periwinkle Vinca minor

Pignut Hickory Carya glabra ?

Pine Pinus spp. (see “White Pine”)

Pineapple Weed Matricaria discoidea

Pink Dianthus spp.

Plantain Plantago major

Plantago lanceolata

Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans

Poke Phytolacca americana

Poor Man’s Pepper Lepidium virginicum

Poplar Populus spp. (see “Aspen”)

one sp. by south fence

Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

Purslane Portulaca oleracea

Quaking Aspen Populus deltoides

Queen Anne’s Lace Daucus carota
Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia

?Ramp Allium tricoccum (see “Wild Leek”)

Raspberry Rubus spp.

Red Clover Trifolium pretense

Red Fescue Festuca rubra

?Red Lily ? whorls of 7

Red Ash

Red Oak Quercus rubra

Red Spruce Picea rubra ?

Redtop Agrostis alba ? grass of lawns,

branches in tiers, one flower per cluster

Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea

wide leaves

Reed Meadow Grass Glyceria grandis

Reedgrass Phragmites communis ?

Rhododendron Rhododendron spp.

Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides ?

related to rice, Poa flowers with scales, leaves cut

Riverbank Grape (see “Frost Grape”)

Rose (see “Multifloral Rose”)

Roughstalk Bluegrass Poa trivialis ?

Rough Goldenrod

Rue Thalictrum

Rush Juncus Scirpus (see “Sharp-fruited Rush”, “Toad Rush”, “Soft Rush” )

Russian Olive (see “Mountain Olive”)

2^nd species by river see 7/9/12

Salsify (see “Yellow Goat’s Beard”)

Sarsaparilla (see: “Greenbriar”)

Scratch-Grass (see: “Tear Thumb”)

Sedge Cyperus

See “Fox Sedge”

Self-heal Prunella vulgaris

Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis

Sharp-fruited Rush Juncus acuminatus ?

Sheep Sorrel Rumex acetosella

Shepherd’s Purse

Capsella bursa-pastoris

Shining Willow Salix lucida

Shorthusk Brachyelytrum sp. ?

Silky Dogwood (see “Kinnikinik”)

? Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus

Slippery Elm Ulmus fulva

Smartweed Persica

big-leaved

reddish-stemmed

very spicy, yellowish-leaved

Smooth Brome Bromus inermis

Soapwort Saponaria officinalis

Soft Rush Juncus effusus

Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum biflorum

Sorrel (see “Sheep Sorrel”, “Yellow Wood Sorrel”)

Speckled Alder Alnus incana ?

Spearmint Mentha spicata

Speedwell Veronica spp. –what species?

? Spicebush Lindera benzoin

Spiraea Spiraea spp. (See “Steeplebush”)

Spotted Joe-Pye Weed

Eutrochium maculatum

Spotted Spurge Euphorbia maculata

Spruce Picea spp.

Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina

Steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa

Stichwort (see “Northern Stichwort”)

Stinging Nettle (see “Nettle”)

Strawberry Fragaria virginiana

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

Sumac Rhus spp. (besides Staghorn?)

Summer Grape Vitis aestivalis

Sunflower Helianthus –species?

Sweet Birch (see “Black Birch”)

Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis

Sweet Fern Comptonia peregrina

Sweet-scented Bedstraw Galium triflorum?

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum

Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea ?

Tall Nettle (see “Stinging Nettle”)

Tall Oats Grass Arrhenatherum elatius

Tear Thumb Persicaria sagittata

Thin-leaved Sunflower

Helianthus decapetalus

Thistle Circaea spp.

Three-way Sedge ?

Timothy Phleum pratense

Toad Rush Juncus bufonius ?

? Toadflax Linaria vulgaris

? Toothwort Dentaria spp.

Cardamine spp.

Trail Rush (see “Path Rush”)

Trillium Trillium spp.

Trout Lily Erythronium albidum

fuzzy & swollen below axils

Vervain (see “Nettle-leaved Vervain”)

Virgin’s Bower Clematis virginiana

Virginia Creeper

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus

Violet Viola spp.

How many species?

Water Pepper ?

Water Smartweed ? (see “Water Pepper”)

Werewolf Root (see “Dogbane”)

White Ash Fraxinus americana

White Avens Geum canadense

White Bedstraw Galium mollugo ?

White Clover Trifolium repens

White Pine Pinus strobus

White Snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum

White Vervain

(see “Nettle-leaved Vervain”

Whorled Loosestrife

(see: “Yellow Loosestrife”)

Wild Barley Hordeum ?

Wild Buckwheat Vine

Wild Cherry Prunus serotina

Wild Cucumber Cucumis sativus

Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum

? Wild Ginger Asarum canadensis

Wild Lettuce Lactuca spp.

? Wild Leek Allium tricoccum

? Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa

Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum

Wild Rose (see “Multifloral Rose”, other?)

Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis

Wild Strawberry (see “Strawberry”)

Willow Salix nigra (see “Black Willow”)

w/“wings”

how many shrubs?

at least 2 trees

Wintercress Barbarea vulgaris

Wintergreen Galutheria procumbens

Witch Hazel Hamamalis virginica

Wood Fern (see “Marginal Wood Fern”)

Wood Sorrel (see “Yellow Wood Sorrel”)

Woody Nightshade

Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod

(see “Rough Goldenrod”)

Yellow Dock Rumex crispus

Yellow Goat’s Beard Tragopogon dubius

Yellow Hop Clover

Yellow Loosestrife

Yellow Wood Sorrel Oxalis stricta

Anaphalis spp.    Pearly Everlasting

Eupatorium rugosum    White Snakeroot

Sassafras albidium    Sassafras ?

Scutellaria galericulata    Skullcap

Solidago spp.    Goldenrod

BY ORDER & FAMILY

Family: Araceae (Arum family)

Genus: Arisaema

Species: A. maculatum (Jack-In-The-Pulpit)

Genus: Symplocarpus

Species: S. foetidus (Eastern Skunk Cabbage)

Family: Amaryllidaceae

Genus: Allium

Species: A. schoenoprasum (Chives),

Family: Iridaceae

Genus: Iris

Species: I. versicolor

Family: Apiaceae (Parsley family)

Genus: Aegopodium

Species: A. podagraria (Bishop’s weed)

Genus: Daucus

Species: D. carota

Genus: Pastinaca

Species: P. sativa (Wild Parsnip)

Family: Araliaceae (Ginseng family)

Genus: Aralia

Species: A. nudicaulis (Wild Sarsparilla)
Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae (Aster family)

Genus: Achillea

Species: A. Millefolium (Yarrow)

Genus: Ambrosia

Species: A. artemisiifolia (Ragweed)

Genus: Anaphalis (Pearly Everlasting)

Species: A. spp

Genus: Articum

Species: A. minor (Burdock)

Genus: Artemesia

Species: A. vulgaris (Mugwort)

Genus: Aster

Species: A. spp (Aster)

Genus: Chichorium

Species: C. intybus (Chicory)

Genus: Circaea

Species: C. spp (Thistle)

Genus: Cirsium

Species: C. vulgare (Bull Thistle)

Genus: Erigeron

Species: E. annuus (Daisy Fleabane),

Genus: Erythrunium

Species: E. albidum (Trout Lily)

Genus: Eupatorium

Species: E. perfoliatum (Bonset),

E. rugosum (White Snakeroot)

Genus: Eutrochium

Species: E. maculatum (Gravelroot)

Genus: Helianthus

Species: H. spp. (Sunflower)

Genus: Hieracium

Species: H. aurantiacum, H. pretense (Hawkweed)

Genus: Lactuca

Species: L. spp (Wild Lettuce)

Genus: Leucanthemum

Species: L. vulgare (Oxe-Eye Daisy)

Genus: Matricaria

Species: M. discorea (Pineapple Weed)

Genus: Rudbekia

Species: R. hirta (Black-eyed Susan)

Genus: Solidago

Species: S. Canadensis (Goldenrod),

S. rugosa (Rough Goldenrod)

Genus: Taraxacum

Species: T. officinale (Dandelion)

Genus: Tragopogun

Species: T. pratensis (Yellow Salsify)

Genus: Tussilago

Species: T. farfara (Coltsfoot)

Family: Campanulaceae (Bellflower Family)

Genus: Lobelia

Species: L. inflata (Lobelia)

Family: Boraginaceae (Borage Family)

Genus: Myosatis

Species: M. Scorpioides (Forget-Me-not)

Family: Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

Genus: Alliaria

Species: A. petiolata (Garlic Mustard)

Genus: Barbarea

Species: B. vulgaris (Wintercress)

Genus: Brassica (Mustard)

Species: B. Rappa (Field Mustard)

Genus: Capsella

Species: C. bursa-pastoris (Shepard’s Purse)

Genus: Cardamine

Species: C. spp (Toothwort)

Genus: Dentaria spp. (Toothwort)

Genus: Hesperis

Species: H. matronalis (Dame’s Rocket

Genus: Raphanus

Species: R. raphanistrum (Wild Radish)

Genus: Lepidium

Species: L. virginicum (Poor Man’s Pepper)

Genus: Thalaspi

Species: T. arvense (Field Pennycress)
Order: Cucurbitales

Family: Cucurbitaceae (Gourd family)

Genus: Cucumis

Species: C. sativus (Wild Cucumber)

Order: Cyperales

Family: Poaceae (Grass family)

Genus: Arrhenatherum

Species: A. elatius (Tall Oats Grass)

Genus: Brachyelytrum (Shorthusk)

Genus: Bromus

Species: B. inermis (Smooth Brome),

B. tectorum (Downy Brome)

Genus: Dactylis

Species: D. glomerata (Orchard Grass)

Genus: Digitaria spp. (Crabgrass)

Genus: Elytrigia

Species: E. repens (Couchgrass)

Genus: Festuca

Species: F. arundinacea (Tall Fescue),

Genus: Glyceria

Species: G. grandis (Reed Meadow Grass)

Genus: Holcus

Species: H. lanatus (Velvet Grass)

Genus: Leersia

Species: L. oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass)

Genus: Lolium

Species: L. multiflorum (Rye Grass)

Genus: Panicum

Species: P. lonuginosum (Panic Grass)

Genus: Pauicum

Species: P. virgatum (Deer Tongue Grass)

Genus: Phalaris

Species: P. arundinacea (Reed Grass)

Genus: Phleum

Species: P. pretense (Timothy)

Genus: Phragmites

Species: P. communis (Reed Grass)

Genus: Poa

Species: P. palustris (Meadow Grass),

P. trivialis (Rough Stalk Blue Grass)

Genus: Schedonorus

Species: S. arundinaceus (Meadow Fescue)
Order: Caryophyllales

Family: Caryophullaceae (Pink family)

Genus: Dianthus spp. (Pink)

Genus: Grostemma

Species: G. githago (Corn Cockle)

Genus: Myoston

Species: M. aquaticum (Giant Chickweed)

Genus: Saponaria

Species: S. officinalis (Soapwort)

Genus: Stellaria

Species: S. borealis (Boreal Starwort),

S. media (Common Chickweed),

S. pubera (Star Chickweed)

Family: Phytolaccaceae (Pokeweed family)

Genus: Phytolacca

Species: P. Americana (Pokeweed)

Genus: Sanguinaria

Species: S. Canadensis (Bloodroot)

Family: Polygonaceae (Smartweed family)

Genus: Fallopia

Species: F. cilinodis (Wild Buckwheat Vine)

F. japonica (Japanese Knotweed)

Genus: Persicaria

Species: P. hydropiper (Water Pepper),

P. sagittata (Tear Thumb, Scratch Grass),

P. vulgaris (Lady’s Thumb)

Genus: Polygonum

Species: P. bistorta (Bistort)

P. pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Smartweed)

Genus: Rumex

Species: R. ascetosella (Sheep Sorrel)

R. crispus (Yellow Dock)

R. obtusifolia (Bitter Dock)

Family: Portulacaceae (Purslane Family)

Genus: Portulaca

Species: P. oleracea (Purslane)

Family: Cornaceae (Dogwood family)

Genus: Cornus

Species: C. amomum (Silky Dogwood)

Family: Hydrangeaceae

Genus: Hydrangea spp. (Hydrangea)

Family: Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)

Genus: Lonicera

Species: L. morrowii,

Genus: Sambucus

Species: S. canadensis (Elder)

Genus: Viburnum

Species: V. prunifolium (Black Haw)
Order: Equisetales

Family: Equisetaceae (Horsetail family)

Genus: Equisetum

Species: E. arvense (Horsetail)

Family: Balsaminaceae (Balsam family)

Genus: Impatiens

Species: I. aurea

Family: Ericaceae (Heath family)

Genus: Gaultheria

Species: G. procumbens (Wintergreen)

Genus: Gaylussacia

Species: G. baccata (Black Huckleberry)

Genus: Kalmia

Species: K. latifolia (Mountain Laurel)

Genus: Monotropa

Species: M. uniflora (Indian Pipe)

Genus: Rhododendron spp. (Rhododendron)

Genus: Vaccinium

Genus: V. angustifolium (Blueberry)

Family: Primulaceae (Primrose Family)

Genus: Lysimachis

Species: L. nummularia (Moneywort)

Family: Fabaceae (Pea family)

Genus: Astragalus

Species: A. Canadensis (Milk Vetch)

Genus: Melilotus

Species: M. alba, M. officinalis (Sweet Clover)

Genus: Robinia

Species: R. hispida (Bristly Locust)

Genus: Trifolium

Species: T. pretense (Red Clover)
Order: Fagales

Family: Betulaceae (Birch family)

Genus: Alnus spp

Species: A. incana (Speckled Alder)

Genus: Betula

Species: B. lenta (Black Birch)

Family: Fagaceae (Beech Family)

Genus: Fagus

Species: F. grandifolia (Beech)

Genus: Quercus

Species: Q. Rubra (Red Oak)

Family: Juglandaceae (Walnut family)

Genus: Carya

Species: C. glabra (Pignut Hickory)

Genus: Juglans

Species: J. cincerea (Butternut)

Family: Myricaceae (Bayberry family)

Genus: Comptonia

Species: C. peregrina (Sweet Fern)

Family: Apocynaceae (Dogbane family)

Genus: Apocynum

Species: A. androsaemifolium (Dogbane)

Genus: Vinca

Species: V. minor (Periwinkle)

Family: Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family)

Genus: Asclepias

Species: A. syriaca (Common Milkweed)

Family: Rubiaceae (Madder family)

Genus: Galium

Species: G. spp. (Bedstraw)

Genus: Houstonia

Species: H. caerulea (Bluet)

Genus: Mitchella

Species: M. repens (Partridge Berry)
Order: Geraniales

Family: Geraniaceae (Geranium family)

Genus: Geranium

Species: G. maculatum (Wood Geranium)

Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Genus: Ballota

Species: B. nigra (Black Horehound)

Genus: Glechoma

Species: G. hederacea (Ground Ivy)

Genus: Lamium spp. (Dead Nettle)

Genus: Leonurus

Species: L. cardiaca (Motherwort)

Genus: Mentha

Species: M. arvensis (Field Mint)

M. piperita (Peppermint)

M. spicata (Spearmint)

Genus: Monarda

Species: M. fistulosa (Bee Balm)

Genus: Nepeta

Species: N. catoria (Catnip)

Genus: Prunella

Species: P. vulgaris (Self-Heal)

Genus: Scutellaria

Species: S. galericulata (Common Scullcap)

Family: Oleaceae (Olive family)

Genus: Fraxinus

Species: F. Americana (White Ash)

Genus: Ligustrum Spp. (Privet)

Family: Plantaginaceae (Plantain family)

Genus: Plantago

Species: P. lanceolata

Family: Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family)

Genus: Digitalis spp. (Foxglove)

Genus: Linaria

Species: L. vulgaris (Toadflax)

Genus: Scrophularia

Species: S. marilandica (Figwort)

Genus: Verbascum

Species: V. thapsus (Common Mullein)

Genus: Veronica spp. (Speedwell)

Family: Verbenaceae (Vervain family)

Genus: Verbena

Species: V. hastate (Blue Vervain)

V. urticifolia (White Vervain)
Order: Laurales

Family: Lauraceae (Laurel family)

Genus: Lindera

Species: L. benzoin (Spicebush)

Genus: Sassafras

Species: S. albidium (Sassafras)

Family: Liliaceae (Lily family)

Genus: Convallaria

Species: C. majalis (Lily-of-the-Valley)

Genus: Lilium

Species: L. philadelphium (Red Lily)

Genus: Narcissus

Species: N. pseudonarcissus (Daffodil)

Genus: Polygonatum

Species: P. biflorum (Solomon’s Seal)

Genus: Trillium spp. (Trillium)

Genus: Veratrum spp. (False Hellbore)

Family: Lycopoiaceae (Clubmoss family)

Genus: Lycopodiella spp. (Clubmoss)
Order: Malpighiales

Family: Hypericaceae

(St. John’s Wort family)

Genus: Hypericum

Species: H. perforatum (St. John’s Wort)

Family: Salicaceae (Willow family)

Genus: Populus spp. (Poplar)

Species: P. grandidentata (Big-Toothed Aspen), P. tremuloides (Quaking Apsen)

Genus: Salix

Species: S. nigra (Black Willow)

Family: Violaceae (Violet family)

Genus: Viola

Species: V. septentrionalis (Northern Blue Violet), V. soraria (Common Blue Violet)

Family: Malvaceae (Mallow family)

Genus: Malva

Species: M. neglecta (Common Mallow)

Family: Tiliaceae

Genus: Tilia

Species: T. americana (American Basswood)
Order: Myrtales

Family: Lythraceae (Loosestrife family)

Genus: Lythrum

Species: L. salicaria (Purple Loosestrife)

Family: Onagraceae (Evening Primrose family)

Genus: Oenothera

Species: O. biennis (Evening Primrose)
Order: Oxalidales

Family: Oxalidaceae (Oxalis family)

Genus: Oxalis

Species: O. montana (Yellow Wood Sorrel)

Family: Pinaceae (Pine family)

Genus: Pinus

Species: P. strobes (White Pine)

Genus: Picea

Species: P. rubra (Red spruce)

Genus: Tsuga

Species: T. Canadensis (Hemlock)

Order: Piperales

Family: Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)

Genus: Asarum

Species: A. canadense (Wild Ginger)

Order: Poales

Family: Cyperaceae (Sedge family)

Genus: Carex

Species: C. appressa (Tall Sedge)

C. bullota (Buttersedge)

C. Limosa (Mud Sedge)

C. lupulina (Hope Sedge)

C. paupercula (Bog Sedge)

C. scoparia (Broom Sedge)

C. vulpinoidea (Fox Sedge)

Genus: Cyperus

Species: C. rotundus (Nutsedge)

C. strigosus (Umbrella Sedge)

Genus: Schuenoplectus

Species: S. scriptus (Bullrush)

Family: Juncaceae (Rush family)

Genus: Juncus

Species: J. accuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush)

Family: Poaceae (True Grasses)

Genus: Agrostis

Species: A.alba, gigante (Redtop)

Family: Typhaceae (Cattail Family)

Genus: Typha latifolia (Cattail)

Family: Athyriaceae

Genus: Athyrium

Species: A. filix-feminia (Lady Fern)

Family: Dryopteridaceae

Genus: Dryopteris

Species: D. marginalis

(Marginal wood fern)

Genus: Polystichum

Species: P. acrostichoides (Christmas Fern)

Family: Onocleaceae

Genus: Matteuccia

Species: M. struthiopteris (Ostrich Fern)

Genus: Onoclea

Species: O. sensibilis (Sensitive Fern)

Family: Pteridaceae

Genus: Adiantum

Species: A. Pendantum (Maidenhair Fern)

Family: Platanaceae (Plane-tree family)

Genus: Platanus

Species: P. accidentalis (Sycamore)

Family: Berberidaceae (Barberry Family)

Genus: Berberis

Species: B. japonica (Barberry)

Genus: Caulophyllum

Species: C. thalictroides (Blue Cohosh)

Genus: Podophyllum

Species: P. peltatum (Mayapple)

Family: Fumariaceae (Fumitory Family)

Genus: Dicentra

Species: D. cucullaria (Dutchman’s Breeches)

Family: Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)

Genus: Chelidonium

Species: C. majus (Greater Celandine)

Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)

Genus: Clematis

Species: C. virginiana (Virgin’s Bower)

Genus: Ranunculus spp. (Buttercup)

Order: Rosales

Family: Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster family)

Genus: Elaeagnus

Species: E. angustifolius (Mountain Olive)

Family: Roseaceae (Rose family)

Genus: Crataegeus spp. (Hawthorn)

Genus: Fragaria

Species: F. virginiana (Strawberry)

Genus: Malus spp. (Crab Apple)

Genus: Physocarpus spp. (Ninebark)

Genus: Potentilla

Species: P. arguta (Tall Cinquefoil)

Genus: Prunus

Species: P. serotina (Black Cherry)

P. virginiana (Choke Cherry)

Genus: Rosa

Species: R. multiflora (Multifloral Rose)

Genus: Rubus

Species: R. spp. (Dewberry)

R. fruticosuss (Blackberry)

R. Idaeus (Raspberry),

R. leucodermis (Blackcap)

Genus: Sorbus spp. (Mountain Ash)

Genus: Spiraea spp. (Spiraea)

Family: Urticaceae (Nettle family)

Genus: Urtica

Species: U. diocia (Stinging Nettle)

Family: Aceraceae

Genus: Acer

Species: A. ginnala (Amur Maple)

Family: Anacardiaceae (Cashew Family)

Genus: Rhus

Species: R. typhina (Staghorn Sumac)

Genus: Toxicodenron

Species: T. radicans (Poison Ivy)

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Ruta

Species: R. graveolens (Rue)
Order: Saxifragales

Family: Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel family)

Genus: Hamamelis

Species: H. virginiana (Witch-hazel)

Family: Grossulariaceae (Gooseberry family)

Genus: Ribes spp. (Currant)

Family: Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory family)

Genus: Convolvulus spp. (Field Bindweed)

Family: Solanaceae (Nightshade family)

Genus: Solanum

Species: S. dulcamara (Bittersweet)

Family: Ulmaceae

Genus: Ulmus

Species: U. Americana (American Elm)

Family: Vitaceae (Grape family)

Genus: Parthenocissus

Species: P. quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper)

Genus: Vitis

Species: V. aestivalis (Summer Grape)